押武漢卷第61-65題閱讀理解之說明文素材特點(diǎn)

①語篇：素材情境真實(shí)，且貼近學(xué)生的生活，A、B和C篇多以青少年的視角來構(gòu)建文章，容易引起學(xué)生產(chǎn)生共鳴；

②文體：閱讀理解A為應(yīng)用文；閱讀理解B為記敘文；閱讀理解C為記敘文和說明文；

③詞數(shù)：2019年-2023年閱讀理解為3篇文章，總詞數(shù)為170--400，平均詞數(shù)為300詞左右：④熟詞生義：根據(jù)素材情況，涉及熟詞生義；

2.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)

①設(shè)問形式：大部分是陳述句形式呈現(xiàn)，每年3-5個(gè)問答式；

②設(shè)題形式：選項(xiàng)多以短語形式呈現(xiàn)、也會(huì)以單詞、句子形式呈現(xiàn)，句子多為簡單句。

③微技能：每年設(shè)置4種微技能，其中細(xì)節(jié)理解（每年4~12道），推理判斷（每年1-8道），主旨大意（每年1-3道），詞義猜測題（每年1-2道）。

命題趨勢

命題評估指出未來命題語篇類型大部分為應(yīng)用文和記敘文，每年閱讀理解A篇為應(yīng)用文或新聞報(bào)道，B和C篇的語篇類型大部分為記敘文：2023年閱讀理解B為說明文（科普知識(shí)）20232022202120202019文體C篇說明文記敘文記敘文記敘文寓言童話話題科普知識(shí)中華文化著名人物工作與職業(yè)勵(lì)志故事微技能細(xì)節(jié)理解31114推理判斷13230詞(組)義猜測00111主旨大意11100（一）（2023年武漢市中考真題）BertwonanationalprizecalledYoungHeroesforhis“green”project.Thispublic-spiritedyoungpersonwasnowauniversitystudent.Hisloveforinsectsgrewdeeperandhewasprotectingthemforthefuture._________.Whenhewasaround4or5,healwayslovedtowatchdifferentinsects,especiallybeautifulswallowtails(鳳蝶).Oneinterestingfacthelearnedaboutswallowtailswasthattheirbrightcolorswarnedhungryanimalsthattheytastedbad.Anditwasalsofuntowatchhowtheycameintobeing.Butthereasonhereallyfellinlovewiththemwasthattheywereveryaccessible.Forexample,ifyouwantedtoattract(吸引)swallowtails,youplantedsomezinnias,akindofbrightflowers.Bertstartedazinniagardenathishouse,whereheraisedalargenumberofswallowtailsovertheyears.Withtheworld’sswallowtailpopulationfalling,Bertwantedpeopletorealizethatifinsectslikeswallowtailsdisappeared,sowouldalltheothersabovethemonthefoodchain.Tomakethefactclearandeasytounderstandforotherstudents,healsocreatedazinniagardenathisjuniorhighschool.PartofthejoyforBertwaswatchingtheyoungerstudentsgetexcitedwhenrunningafterswallowtails.“Wheneveraswallowtaillandsonthem,theyoungstudentswillsoonfallinlovewiththesecuteinsects.Theydevelopanewappreciationforthem,”hesaid.Bertputhiseffortsintotheenvironmentaleducationalprojectandmadeittakeflight.1．AfterBertwashonoredwithYoungHeroes,_________.A．heoftengavespeechesinpublicB．hesetuphis“green”projectC．hebecameinterestedinswallowtailsD．hewentonprotectinginsects2．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin_________?A．BertsavedmanyswallowtailsB．BerthadadullchildhoodC．BertfoundhisloveearlyinlifeD．Bertmadeaharddecision3．Theunderlinedword“accessible”inparagraph2means“_________”.A．dangeroustofeed B．easytogetclosetoC．hardtoraise D．safetoreach4．ThemainreasonforBerttocreateazinniagardenatschoolwas_________.A．towatchstudentshavefunB．tomakehisschoolmorebeautifulC．tostopswallowtailsfromdisappearingD．tohelpkidslearnaboutswallowtails5．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ABrightFlower B．AFlyingProject C．AGreenGarden D．AWarningAction【參考答案】1．D2．C3．B4．D5．B【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了因?yàn)椤熬G色”項(xiàng)目而獲得“青年英雄”獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的男孩Bert熱愛昆蟲并保護(hù)它們的故事?！驹斍榻馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BertwonanationalprizecalledYoungHeroesforhis‘green’project…Hisloveforinsectsgrewdeeperandhewasprotectingthemforthefuture”可知，獲獎(jiǎng)之后繼續(xù)保護(hù)昆蟲，故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenhewasaround4or5,healwayslovedtowatchdifferentinsects”可知，此處應(yīng)介紹他從什么時(shí)候開始喜歡觀察昆蟲，C選項(xiàng)符合，故選C。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Butthereasonhereallyfellinlovewiththemwasthattheywereveryaccessible”及“Forexample,ifyouwantedtoattract(吸引)swallowtails,youplantedsomezinnias,akindofbrightflowers”可知，如果你想吸引鳳蝶，你就種一些百日菊，也就是鳳蝶很容易接近，所以劃線單詞與easytogetcloseto同義，故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tomakethefactclearandeasytounderstandforotherstudents,healsocreatedazinniagardenathisjuniorhighschool”可知，是為了幫助孩子了解鳳蝶，故選D。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Bertputhiseffortsintotheenvironmentaleducationalprojectandmadeittakeflight.”及全文介紹可知，本文主要講述了Bert熱愛昆蟲并保護(hù)它們的故事，所以B選項(xiàng)“AFlyingProject”符合本文標(biāo)題，故選B。（二）（2023年武漢市中考真題）WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam(束)oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity(相對論)”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas,memoriesandexperiencesthataren’thappeningrightnow.Itmeansthinkingaheadtoaholidayorrememberinghowmuchyouenjoyedabirthdayparty.AccordingtoChina’shealthauthorities(權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)),daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity.Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.Ithelpsyoudealwithworriesandfears.Forexample,imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakupinclassislikepracticingthesceneinyourhead,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits(限制)towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.GuoQiang,anexpertinthoughtsandfeelings,thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream.“Thinkingforpleasurecanbeapowerfultooltoshapeourfeelings,”hesaid.However,trynottoletyourmindbeabsentwhenyouneedtofocus(聚焦)inclassorcrosstheroad.Instead,findatimewhenyoudon’thavetofocusonanything,likegoingforawalkorbrushingyourteeth.Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup.Toencouragecreativity,thinkaboutinterestingideasandseewhereyourmindtakesyou.Researchshowsthatpeopleoftencomeupwithmoresolutionstoproblemsafterthey’vetakenabreak.Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.6．Whichwritingskillisusedinparagraph1?A．Givinganexample.B．Raisingaquestion.C．Listingnumbers. D．Comparingfacts.7．Daydreamingcanmakepeople_________.A．flyaround B．walkslowly C．thinkfreely D．beabsent-minded8．GuoQiangfirstsuggests_________.A．escapingfromthehardtime B．lookingfornewworldsC．findingtimetoimagine D．focusingonsuccess9．Whatismentionedinparagraph4?A．Thestepstodaydream.B．Thethingstodaydreamof.C．Thereasonsfordaydreaming.D．Themeaningsofdaydreaming.10．Daydreamingistalkedabout_________.A．toremindpeopletohaveamindbreakB．tosuggestlivingatthemomentC．tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblemsD．toshowascienceresearchresult【參考答案】6．A7．C8．C9．B10．A【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了白日夢的好處，并提醒人們要讓大腦休息一下?！驹斍榻馕觥?．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold...”可知開頭通過愛因斯坦的例子引出了本文的話題。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace”可知白日夢可以讓你產(chǎn)生天馬行空的想象，自由地思考。故選C。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream”可知他建議要找點(diǎn)時(shí)間去做白日夢。故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup”可知此處提到了可以白日做夢的事情。故選B。10．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了白日夢的好處，并提醒人們要讓大腦休息一下。故選A。閱讀說明類文章重在把握被說明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系，如因果、條件、從屬、并列等；以及說明方法，如定義、例釋、類比等?？忌鷳?yīng)加強(qiáng)此類文章的閱讀訓(xùn)練，不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的能力。首先我們平時(shí)要多關(guān)注科學(xué)題材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知識(shí)；其次，在閱讀時(shí)要注意實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的和結(jié)果，不能憑想象和猜測下結(jié)論；對于較難理解的句子要利用語法結(jié)構(gòu)去分析；最后，要利用文章特點(diǎn)找準(zhǔn)主題句，把握中心，從而一一破解題目。技巧一快速讀題，正確理解題干，定位關(guān)鍵詞，帶著問題讀文章。技巧二運(yùn)用正確的閱讀策略，變速閱讀文章，學(xué)會(huì)處理文中的冗余信息。技巧三注意特殊語言現(xiàn)象，在含有關(guān)鍵詞的句子處標(biāo)上題號(hào)。技巧四注意正確項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)的特征，回到文中確定答案。技巧五合理猜測，推敲生詞的含義。技巧六符合題目要求，對信息進(jìn)行必要的加工處理。（一）Everylivingthingneedstoreproduce.Reproducingmeanscreatingmoremembersofyourgroup.Inorderforplantstoreproduce,theyhavetospreadtheirseeds(種子)tootherareas.Plantshavedevelopedallkindsofwaystodothis.Thesimplestwayisgravity.Manyseedsareinsideoffruit.Whenfruitgetstooheavy,itfallsfromatreetotheground.Sometimesanimalswillpickupthefruitanddropitinanotherarea.Thathelpsmovetheseedevenfartheraway.Applesspreadthisway.Otherplantsusewindtospreadtheirseeds.Dandelions(蒲公英)areagoodexampleofthis.Dandelionseedsaresolightthatwhenwindblows,itcarriesdandelionseedstonewplaces.Maple(楓樹)seedsalsousewind.Theirseedsareconnectedwithlong,thinleavesthatlooklikewings.Whentheseedfallsfromthetree,its“wings”helpitflyfartherfromthetree.Someanimalshelpplantsspreadtheirseeds.Theanimalseattheseeds.Whiletheseedisintheanimal’sbody,itstayswhole,whentheseedleavestheanimal,it’sinanewplace.Antsalsohelpspreadseeds.Someseedshaveaspecialsmellthatattractsants.Theantsbringtheseedsbacktotheirhome,whichofcourseisunderground.Theyonlyeatpartoftheseed.Theyleavetherestoftheseedunderground.Afterthat,theseedcanstartgrowing.1．Whatdoestheword“gravity”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Theactionthatmakesanimalsdropseeds. B．Thehelpthatmovesseedsevenfartheraway.C．Theneedthatcomesfromanimalsandplants. D．Theforcethatcausesfruittofalltotheground.2．Howdomaplesspreadtheirseeds?A．Theyuseants. B．Theyusewind. C．Theyusesmells. D．Theyuseanimals.3．Whatdoantsdotohelpspreadseeds?a.Theyonlyeatpartoftheseed.

b.Theyhelpseedsfallfromthetree.c.Theycarryseedstotheundergroundhome.

d.Theypickupthefruitandmoveitfaraway.e.Theyleavetherestoftheseedunderground.A．a(chǎn),b,d B．b,d,c C．a(chǎn),c,e D．b,d,e4．Whatisthegenre(體裁)ofthispassage?A．Amysterywhichcreatesmoremembersofthegroup.B．Adescriptionwhichgivesfactsabouttheplant.C．Anargumentationwhichconfirmsthepointiscorrectornot.D．Acomedywhichmakespeoplelaugh.5．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowPlantsSpreadSeeds? B．WhyAnimalsPickUpSeeds?C．HowWindHelpsSeedsSpread? D．WhySeedsHaveaSpecialTrip?【參考答案】1．D2．B3．C4．B5．A【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然界的植物是如何傳播種子的?！驹斍榻馕觥?．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Manyseedsareinsideoffruit.Whenfruitgetstooheavy,itfallsfromatreetotheground.”可知，許多種子在水果里面，當(dāng)水果太重時(shí)，它就會(huì)從樹上掉到地上；由此可推知“gravity”應(yīng)指導(dǎo)致水果落到地上的“力”。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Maple(楓樹)seedsalsousewind.”可知，楓樹用風(fēng)來傳播種子。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theantsbringtheseedsbacktotheirhome,whichofcourseisunderground.Theyonlyeatpartoftheseed.Theyleavetherestoftheseedunderground.”可知，螞蟻把種子帶回它們地下的家，它們只吃部分種子，把剩下的種子留在地下。故選C。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文為一篇說明文，文章主要介紹、描述了與植物有關(guān)的事實(shí)。故選B。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文并結(jié)合“Plantshavedevelopedallkindsofwaystodothis”可知，本文主要講了種子傳播的方式；“HowPlantsSpreadSeeds?”適合作為標(biāo)題。故選A。（二）Forthefirsttime,scientistshavegrownplantsinmoonsoil（土壤）collectedbyNASA’sApolloastronauts.Thescientistshadnoideaifanythingwouldgrowinmoonsoil.Theywantedtoseeifitcouldbeusedtogrowplants.RobertFerloftheUniversityofFloridawassurprisedwiththeresults.“Plantsactuallygrowinmoonsoil,”hesaid.Ferlandotherresearchersplantedthalecress,asmallfloweringplant,inmoonsoil.Thegoodnewswasthatalloftheseeds（種子）grew.Thebadnewswasthatafterthefirstweek,theygrewslowly.Mostoftheplantsendedupsmallandnotfullydeveloped.Scientistsfoundthatthelongerthesoilwasonthemoon,theworsetheplantsseemedtogrow.ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11wastheleasthelpfulforgrowth.★.Onesolutionmightbetouseyoungersoilonthemoon,likelava（火山巖漿）,orputinsomespecialnutrient（營養(yǎng)物）mixtures.Only382kilogramsofmoonrocksandsoilwerebroughtbackbythesixApollogroupsthatlandedonthemoon.Earlylastyear,NASAfinallygaveout12gramsofsoilfortheplantingexperiment（實(shí)驗(yàn)）.TheFloridascientistshopetoreusetheirmoonsoillaterthisyear,plantingmorethalecressbeforepossiblymovingontootherplants.Ascientistsaid,“Growingplantsisabigstepforward.Therealnextstepistogoanddoitonthesurfaceofthemoon.”6．WhatdidRobertFerlthinkoftheresultsoftheplantingexperiment?A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.7．WhatdotheFloridascientistsplantodothisyear?A．Tofindsomeyoungersoilonthemoon.B．Tomakesomespecialnutrientmixtures.C．Toplantsomeotherplantsinnewmoonsoil.D．Tousethemoonsoilagainintheexperiment.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin★?A．ItwasfullyusedbyresearchersB．Itweighedlessthan283kilogramsC．ItwasthenewestsoilonthemoonD．Itwasacouplebillionyearslonger9．Whatmaybetherealpurposeoftheplantingexperiment?A．Tocollectmoresoilfromthemoon.B．Tosendmorescientiststothemoon.C．Togrowplantsonthemoonsurface.D．Toplantmorethalecressonthemoon.10．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Mostoftheplantsgrewwellaftertwoweeks.B．ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11istheoldest.C．Itiseasyforastronautstobringbackmoonsoil.D．Scientistsfoundnowaystoimprovetheexperiment.【參考答案】6．A7．D8．D9．C10．B【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們首次在NASA阿波羅宇航員收集的月球土壤中種植植物?！驹斍榻馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“RobertFerloftheUniversityofFloridawassurprisedwiththeresults”可知RobertFerl對結(jié)果感到驚訝。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheFloridascientistshopetoreusetheirmoonsoillaterthisyear,plantingmorethalecressbeforepossiblymovingontootherplants.”可知佛羅里達(dá)的科學(xué)家們今年計(jì)劃在實(shí)驗(yàn)中再次使用月球土壤。故選D。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientistsfoundthatthelongerthesoilwasonthemoon,theworsetheplantsseemedtogrow.ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11wastheleasthelpfulforgrowth”（科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球上的土壤存在的時(shí)間越長，植物的生長情況就越差。阿波羅11號(hào)收集的土壤是最不利于生長的）可推知阿波羅11號(hào)收集的土壤是最古老的。D選項(xiàng)“它有幾十億年之久”符合語境。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Growingplantsisabigstepforward.Therealnextstepistogoanddoitonthesurfaceofthemoon.”（種植植物是一個(gè)很大的進(jìn)步。真正的下一步是在月球表面進(jìn)行）可知種植試驗(yàn)的真正目的是為了在月球表面種植植物。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientistsfoundthatthelongerthesoilwasonthemoon,theworsetheplantsseemedtogrow.ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11wastheleasthelpfulforgrowth”（科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球上的土壤存在的時(shí)間越長，植物的生長情況就越差。阿波羅11號(hào)收集的土壤是最不利于生長的）可推知阿波羅11號(hào)收集的土壤是最古老的。故選B。（三）Powershortage

IfyouvisitedChengduthissummer,youmighthaveseenavery“dark”city:nomoreneonlights(霓虹燈)inthestreets;peoplesittinginbombshelters(防空洞)togetcoolair.Thecitywentthroughabigheatwave.Thehighesttemperaturereached43.4℃!Somehydro-power(水電)stationsinSichuanProvinceareshortofwaterandcan’tproduceenoughelectricity.___________Youmayhaverecentlyheardtheword“thermoplegia(熱射病)”.Manydeathsarereportedtobecausedbyitthissummer.Thermoplegiaisthemostseriouslevelofsunstroke(中暑).Ifpeoplestayinhightemperaturesfortoolong,theheatwilldamagetheirorgans(器官)andmakethemfeelsick,passoutorevendie.EconomiclossGlobalwarmingisaffectingpeople’slivelihoods.AfarmerfromSichuanshowedinavideothatthegrapeshegrewhavedriedandbecome“raisins(葡萄干)”becauseofhightemperaturesthissummer.Thelosscouldbearound300,000yuan.Someanimalfarmsalsofacethedangerofwatershortage.11．Inwhichsectionofthenewspapercanwereadthenews?A．Culture&Art. B．Tech&Life. C．Sports&Health. D．Weather&Climate.12．WhatcausedthepeopleofChengdutobombshelters?A．Shortageofwater. B．Havingnoneonlights.C．Thebigheatwave. D．Shutdownofhydro-powerstations.13．Whatwouldbethebestheadingforthesecondpieceofnews?A．HeatHarmsHealth B．PeopleDiedofHeatC．ThermoplegiaisComing D．MindtheHeat14．Theunderlinedword“damage”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．change B．harm C．control D．influence15．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEforpeople’slivelihoods?A．Thefarmersufferslossofgrapes. B．ThefarmerproducesraisinsforalivingC．Thefarmer’sgrapeshavedriedintheheat D．Farmers’animalsareinbadneedofwater【參考答案】11．D12．C13．A14．B15．B【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了氣候造成的一些影響?！驹斍榻馕觥?1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)幾個(gè)新聞的內(nèi)容可知，這幾個(gè)新聞都和氣候有關(guān)，故文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的天氣和氣候版面。故選D。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“peoplesittinginbombshelters(防空洞)togetcoolair.Thecitywentthroughabigheatwave”可知成都經(jīng)歷了一場大熱浪，所以人們坐在防空洞以獲得涼爽的空氣。故選C。13．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Manydeathsarereportedtobecausedbyitthissummer...”可知本段主要介紹了高溫可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的健康問題，選項(xiàng)A“高溫危害健康”符合。故選A。14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“theheatwilldamagetheirorgans(器官)andmakethemfeelsick,passoutorevendie.”可知高溫會(huì)損害他們的器官，使他們感到惡心、昏倒甚至死亡，故此處劃線部分意為“損害”，和harm意義相近。故選B。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AfarmerfromSichuanshowedinavideothatthegrapeshegrewhavedriedandbecome‘raisins(葡萄干)’becauseofhightemperaturesthissummer.Thelosscouldbearound300,000yuan”可知葡萄在高溫下變成了“葡萄干”，這造成了很大的損失，故選項(xiàng)B“這位農(nóng)民以生產(chǎn)葡萄干為生”表述錯(cuò)誤。故選B。（四）Peopleallovertheworldusecolorfullittlesquaresofpapertohelpthemremembersomething.Somepeopleevenusethemtocreateworksofart:TheselittlesquaresarecalledPost-itNotes.Oneoftheircreators,SpencerSilver,recentlypassedawayat80.Silverfirststartedworkingonthenotesin1968,whenhewasworkingfortechnologycompany3M.Hediscoveredakindofweakglue(膠)thatdidn’tleavebehindanyresidue(殘留物)whenitwastakenoff.★ButheandhispartnerArtFrycameupwiththeideaofputtingtheglueonsmallpiecesofpapertocreatenotesthatcouldbeeasilymovedfromoneplacetoanother.Theyborrowedsomeyellowpaperandwenttoworkontheircreation.ThePost-itNotewasfinallybornin1974.However,itwasn’tbroughttomarketuntil1977anddidn’treallytakeoffuntil1980.Today,itisoneof3M’sbest-sellingthings.Thecompanymakesmorethan50millionPost-itNoteseveryyear.Silver,acreativechemist,had37inventionsduringhistimeat3M.HewasincludedintotheNationalInventorsHallofFameforhisachievements.Thesedays,Post-itNotesaremadeinmanydifferentcolors.sizesandshapes,includingfruitandanimals.Theyareusefulformanythings.Youcanusethemtotakenotes,markyourplaceinabook,givesomeoneareminder,orevenasksomeonetoadance.YoucanevenseethemintheMuseumofModernArtinNewYork.16．WhatcanweknowaboutPost-itNotes?A．Theyarebigsquaresofpaper. B．Theydidn’tseemveryusefulatfirst.C．Theyareeasilymoved. D．Theywereinventedin1968.17．WeknowthatSpencerSilver________.A．didn’tbecomefamousuntil1974B．inventedmanythingsinhislifeC．gotintotheNationalInventorsHallofFamethisyearD．wasthemostcreativechemistat3M18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“takeoff”mean?A．succeed B．startselling C．stopselling D．leave19．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin★?A．Atfirst,itdidn’tseemveryuseful. B．Itcaughthugeattentionwhenmanypeoplefoundthefunctions.C．Itwasabletokeepthingscleanandtidy. D．Silverdidn’tpayanyattentionthen.20．Whatisthenewsinthestory?A．OneofthecreatorsofPost-itNotesrecentlypassedaway.B．SpencerSilverwonaprizeforcreatingPost-itNotes.C．Post-itNotescelebratedtheir80thbirthday.D．SpencerSilvercreatedanewtypeofPost-itNotes.【參考答案】16．C17．B18．A19．A20．A【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了便利貼的發(fā)明者和發(fā)明、發(fā)展的過程?！驹斍榻馕觥?6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ButheandhispartnerArtFrycameupwiththeideaofputtingtheglueonsmallpiecesofpapertocreatenotesthatcouldbeeasilymovedfromoneplacetoanother.”可知便利貼可以容易地從一個(gè)地方移到另一個(gè)地方，故選C。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Silver,acreativechemist,had37inventionsduringhistimeat3M.”可知Silver在3M期間有37項(xiàng)發(fā)明，說明他發(fā)明了很多東西，故選B。18．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“However,itwasn’tbroughttomarketuntil1977anddidn’treallytakeoffuntil1980.”可知便利貼直到1980年才獲得成功，可推測takeoff與succeed意思相近，故選A。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“But”和“heandhispartnerArtFrycameupwiththeideaofputtingtheglueonsmallpiecesofpapertocreatenotesthatcouldbeeasilymovedfromoneplacetoanother.”可知此處意思應(yīng)與發(fā)現(xiàn)揭下后不留殘留物的弱膠的用途有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)A“起初，它看起來似乎不是非常有用”符合語境，故選A。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Oneoftheircreators,SpencerSilver,recentlypassedawayat80.”可知故事里的新聞是便利貼的發(fā)明者之一SpencerSilver去世，故選A。（五）Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountrymayexperienceaperiodoftimewhentheyfeelveryhomesickandhavealotofstress.Thisfeelingisoftencalled“cultureshock”.Itisimportanttounderstanditandlearnhowtodealwithitifyouwanttoadapt(適應(yīng))successfullytoyournewhome’sculture.Generallyspeaking,therearefourstagesthatyouwillexperienceafteryoumovetoaforeigncountry.Thefirststageisusuallyreferredtoasthe“excitement”stage.Whenarrivinginanewenvironment,you’llbeinterestedinthenewculture;everythingwillseemexcitingandeveryonewillseemfriendly.Butitwon’tbelongbeforeyoumovefromthe“excitement”stagetothesecondstage.Theexcitementyoufeltbeforechangestostress.Itseemsthateverythingisdifficult.Thelanguageishardtolearn,friendsaredifficulttomakeandevensimplethingslikeshoppinghavebecomeachallenge.Itisatthis“stress”stagethatyouarelikelytofeelworriedandhomesick.Thisisthestagewhichisreferredtoas“cultureshock”.However,cultureshockdoesn’tlastforverylong.Ifyouareoneofthosewhomanagetoovercomeit,you’llmovetothe“recovery”stage.Atthisstage,youstarttounderstandandacceptthewaythingsaredoneandthewaypeoplebehaveinyournewenvironment.Thelaststageisthe“home”stage.Thisisthestagewhenyoustarttofeelathomeinthenewculture.Youstarttolearnfromyournewhomeandtolikecertainaspectsofthenewculturebetterthanthoseofyourownculture.Cultureshockisnormal.Everyoneinanewsituationwillgothrough