同位語(yǔ)從句一、定義

同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在__________的后面，用以_________名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。在句中作同位語(yǔ)。某些抽象名詞解釋或說(shuō)明二、常引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞fact（事實(shí)）,news（消息）,idea（想法）,promise,question,problem,doubt（疑問(wèn)）,fear,hope,order,belief（看法）,thought,truth,

suggestion,advice…引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞功能例詞從屬連詞只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分。that,whether連接代詞既起連接作用，又在從句中擔(dān)任成分。who,whom,what，whose,which連接副詞既起連接作用，又在從句中擔(dān)任成分（狀語(yǔ)）。when,where,why,how1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用）Thefact

thatyouhaven'tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehope

thathemaycomehere

isnotgoneyet.1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用）Thefact

thatyouhaven'tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehope

thathemaycomehere

isnotgoneyet.2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，需增加"是否"的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）Thequestionwhether

weneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用連接副詞when,where,why,how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.名詞性從句的解題步驟一、找動(dòng)詞，判斷主句和從句________hesaidwasveryimportant.Hewantstoknow________makesmistakes.Whatwho二、判斷從句是否缺成分（一）從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，選擇連接代詞；（二）從句缺狀語(yǔ)，選擇連接副詞；（三）從句不缺成分，選擇從屬連詞。名詞性從句的解題步驟三、判斷意思（一）選擇連接代詞：1、誰(shuí)：who/whoever/whom/whomever2、什么：what/whatever3、哪一：which/whichever4、誰(shuí)的、什么的：whose

（二）選擇連接副詞：1、時(shí)間：when/whenever2、地點(diǎn)：where/wherever3、原因：why4、方式：how/however名詞性從句的解題步驟三、判斷意思（三）選擇從屬連詞1、不缺意義，使用that；2、缺意義，意為“是否”，使用whether。從屬連詞that,whether1)Hetoldmethenews______hewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.2)Shewasindoubt_________shehadmadetherightdecision.thatwhether小結(jié)：that:____意義、______成分、_______省略，只起連接作用whether:_____意義、______成分、_______省略無(wú)不作不可有不作不可只用whether引導(dǎo),不用if。連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose1)Ihavenoidea________myclassmateisspeakingwith.2)Ihavenoidea_______causedthematter.3)Ihavenoidea_________shoesitis.4)Ihavenoidea_______onetochoose.whomwhatwhichwhose小結(jié)：連接代詞____意義、作_______________成分、_______省略有主、賓、定等不可賓主定定連接副詞when,where,how,why1)Youhavenoidea_______worriedIwas!2)Ihavenoidea________hewaslateforclassyesterday.3)Thecouplearediscussingthequestion____________

theyshouldhavetheirhoneymoonnextmonth.4)Thedecision___________

theywillleaveforBeijinghasn’tbeenmade.howwhywhere/howwhen/how小結(jié)：連接副詞____意義、作______成分、_______省略有狀語(yǔ)不可Thenews

thathetoldusatthemeetingmadeusexcited.定語(yǔ)從句，修飾作用；that有意義，是連接代詞,作賓語(yǔ)Thenews

that

Marywouldbepromotedmadeusexcited.同位語(yǔ)從句，表內(nèi)容；that無(wú)意義，是連接詞，不做句子成分定語(yǔ)從句vs同位語(yǔ)從句判斷：定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句？1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.

5.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句ChrisisreadinganarticleabouttheefforttosavehistorictemplesinEgypt.Findthesentenceswithappositiveclauses.()()()()()()()()ExploringtherulesWorkingouttherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)____,(2)_________oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.whetherthatReadthesentencesbelowandticktheonewithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.對(duì)doubt內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述修飾限定clue，從句缺主語(yǔ)3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionwhetherweshouldprotectoursharedheritage--wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.why修飾reason對(duì)question內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述對(duì)idea內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Checkyouranswers!P49B2whetherthathowmanythatthatPracticeSomeholdthebelief_______theycanalwaysfindmorewaysofsolvingproblems.Thedecision_________wewillhavethecelebrationnextmonthhasnotbeenmade.Weworkashardaswecanintheknowledge_________oureffortswilleventuallypayoff.Doesanyonehaveanyidea_______hashappenedtoPaul?thatthatwhetherwhat翻譯句子。1.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.2.誰(shuí)來(lái)接替他的位置，這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有決定。Thequestionwhowilltakehisplacehasn’tbeendecided.1.（2024浙江1月卷）Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that’s_________they’llpromote.答案：what解析：考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：如果他們的大多數(shù)客戶都樂(lè)意大量購(gòu)買(mǎi)，那他們就會(huì)推廣。在表語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，且是指事物，所以應(yīng)用連接代詞what。故填what。2.（2023新高考II卷）TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis

_________theyneedanEnglishtrainer.答案：why。解析：考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們還需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語(yǔ)接受國(guó)際記者的采訪。這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)該用連接副詞連接，前文提到需要培訓(xùn)師的原因，此處是表達(dá)“這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因”之意，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填why。3.（2021全國(guó)I卷）_____________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.答案：what解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：這段經(jīng)歷讓人嘆為觀止的是那些超凡脫俗的場(chǎng)景。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示"……的東西",故填What。4.（2019全國(guó)I卷）Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.答案：that解析：考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然它們?cè)诒本?8度的地方很少見(jiàn)，但有證據(jù)表明它們的活動(dòng)范圍一直貫穿北極，向南一直延伸到加拿大的詹姆斯灣。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為therebe句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。5.（2020年浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson______couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.答案：what解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：在幾千年的時(shí)間里，他們開(kāi)始減少我們對(duì)野外采集的獵物的依賴，而更多地依賴他們飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物和播種的莊稼。分析句子，賓語(yǔ)從句部分缺主語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為“連接代詞”。根據(jù)句意，此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。6.（2019·江蘇卷改編）Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.答案：that解析：考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多證據(jù)，塑料正在進(jìn)入人們的體內(nèi)。從句不缺句子成分，且與evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。故選B。7.（2022年浙江1月）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.答案：if/whether解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：對(duì)于她的出席，Cobb開(kāi)始詢問(wèn)邀請(qǐng)她的組織者是否可以遠(yuǎn)程進(jìn)行。顯然ask后面出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合語(yǔ)境，故填whether或if。8.（2020年北京卷）Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem____