北京高中英語(yǔ)寫作句型多樣化技巧北京高中英語(yǔ)寫作句型多樣化技巧（上）同一件事，可以用不同的句式表達(dá)。如果句子清一色是簡(jiǎn)單句，文章必定很單調(diào)乏味。最好的方法是以簡(jiǎn)單句為基礎(chǔ)，配合適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘芯浜蛷?fù)雜句。簡(jiǎn)單句可長(zhǎng)可短，通常要加些附屬成分，如分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)、不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，以及節(jié)縮成分。

具體方法如下：一、句子開頭“去人化”不要總是以有生命的名詞和人稱代詞開頭(I，People，We等)，可采用以下方法加以豐富1.用形式主語(yǔ)it開頭1.ManypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.àItiswidelyacceptedthat

birthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.2.Collegestudentsnowareprimarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccessaccordingtoarecentreport.àItisrecentlyreportedthat

collegestudentsnowareprimarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess.◆拓展：形式主語(yǔ)it開頭的常見句型：It+be+名詞/+that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)It+be+形容詞+that從句Itisnecessarythat…

有必要……Itisimportantthat…

重要的是……Itisobviousthat…

很明顯……It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……

批注：it的用法在英語(yǔ)中非常靈活，老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握it做形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。這里可以結(jié)合名詞性從句進(jìn)行拓展。2.以狀語(yǔ)開頭，具體來(lái)說(shuō)可用形容詞、副詞、分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、從句等做開頭。1.Manypeoplehaveambitiousplansbutnoability,sotheyaccomplishlittle.àHighinambitionbutlowinability,

manypeopleaccomplishlittle.2.Schoolworkexertspressureonteenagers,andtheirpeersalsoencouragethem.Undersuchcircumstances,theyresorttosmoking.Butsometimestheyfeelalittleguilty.àPressuredbyschoolworkandencouragedbytheirpeers,

teenagersoftenresorttosmoking,thoughtheyfeelalittleguiltysometimes.3.Themanwasindespairandturnedtohisfriendsforhelp.àIndespair,

themanturnedtohisfriendsforhelp.4.Wehavetocontinuallyupdateourknowledgetoacclimatize（適應(yīng)新氣候或環(huán)境）totheever-changingworld.àToacclimatizetotheever-changingworld,wehavetocontinuallyupdateourknowledge.5.WeneedtouseEnglishtocommunicatewithmoreandmoreforeignerswhocometoChina,solearningEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinourlife.àAsweneedtouseEnglishtocommunicatewithmoreandmoreforeignerswhocometoChina,learningEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinourlife.批注：在這里老師可以補(bǔ)充倒裝的用法，特別是完全倒裝和部分倒裝的用法區(qū)別是高考的必備考點(diǎn)，學(xué)生需理解并記憶。3.表示某人擁有的“sb.have……”句型變成therebe句型Moreandmoreyoungstudentsgoabroadbecausetheywanttogetbettereducationandfindabetterjobinthefuture.Ithinkthattheymayhaveproblemsinstudyandalsoinlife.àTheremaybeproblemsinstudyandalsoinlifeforyoungstudentstogoabroadinordertogetbettereducationandfindabetterjobinthefuture.4.以“某人”作主語(yǔ)使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,may,should等）時(shí)，建議前兩個(gè)改成Itislikely/possibletodo/that….；后一個(gè)改成Itisnecessary/imperative/highlyexpected/suggestedthatsth.bedone.的句式：

Wecangoanywherewelikewithourbicycle.

àItispossibleforustogo

anywherewelikewithourbicycle.

Tocurbglobalwarming,ourgovernmentshouldpromulgatenewlawstogovernthefellingoftrees.

àTocurbglobalwarming,itisimperativethat

ourgovernmentpromulgatenewlawstogovernthefellingof

trees.5.使用被動(dòng)句式在比較正式的新聞、商務(wù)、法律等英語(yǔ)文體中，被動(dòng)句式因?yàn)槠涓怀隹陀^性的賓語(yǔ)或者事實(shí)被廣為使用。圖表分析和議論文都是比較正式的文體，所以我們也應(yīng)該注意多用被動(dòng)句式。尤其是在以下兩個(gè)方面：

（1）.主語(yǔ)不確定

Someonemurderedthemillionairelastnight.

àThemillionairewasmurderedlastnight.

（2）.主語(yǔ)是泛指很多人或者大部分人

Toimprovetheairquality,weshouldreducetheuseofprivatecars.

àToimprovetheairquality,theuseofprivatecarsshouldbereduced.

Mostpeoplethinkthatwecangetalargeshareofbenefitinthesalescampaign.

àItiswidelybelievedthat

wecangetalargeshareofbenefitinthesalescampaign.◆被動(dòng)句的用法不僅體現(xiàn)在主句中，在從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中都有可能用到，如：

Itisimportantfornationsallovertheworldtojoinhandstocontrolthesoftwarepiracy.

àItisimportantfornationsallovertheworldtojoinhandstohavethesoftwarepiracycontrolled.

Idon’texpectthatshereturned.àSheisnotexpectedto

havereturned.

Iamnotsurewhetherthecollegegraduateswillfindjobsinthefinanciallydifficultyear.

àIamnotsurewhetherthecollegegraduateswillgetemployed

inthefinanciallydifficultyear.

批注：漢語(yǔ)中本來(lái)是沒有被動(dòng)句式的，所以受漢化思維的影響很多考生不會(huì)想到這一點(diǎn)。這就要求我們對(duì)此要引起足夠的重視，并且在平時(shí)多加練習(xí)以培養(yǎng)對(duì)其敏感度。歸納起來(lái)說(shuō)，議論文中我們要積極避免“某個(gè)人”做主語(yǔ)，盡量用不定式、動(dòng)名詞從句做主語(yǔ)，或者使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用評(píng)價(jià)性的動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，這樣就可以由記敘文性質(zhì)的“過(guò)程性句式”順利轉(zhuǎn)化成更符合議論文文風(fēng)的客觀評(píng)價(jià)性的句式。北京高中英語(yǔ)寫作句型多樣化技巧（中）二、名詞化寫作中把原本用動(dòng)詞或者形容詞表達(dá)的地方換成名詞叫做名詞化（nominalization）。名詞化是為了避免太多動(dòng)詞造成的句法處理上的困難，同時(shí)也可以把某些陳述型的句式轉(zhuǎn)化成更客觀的評(píng)價(jià)句，更符合議論文的文體要求。如：

Ourmonitordidn’tcometoday.Hehasgotaflu.

àBecauseourmonitorhasaflu,hedidn’tcometoday.這個(gè)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句以及其它的狀語(yǔ)從句是考生們很常用的復(fù)合句，由于使用者過(guò)多，且其實(shí)仍然是某個(gè)人做主語(yǔ)，效果不算理想。àHavingaflu,ourmonitordidn’tcometoday.這一句使用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，比前一句效果有所改善，但這仍是某個(gè)人做主語(yǔ)，效果還可以再進(jìn)一步提升。àTheflucausedtheabsenceofourmonitortoday.àTheabsenceof

ourmonitorisbecauseofhisillness.我們把前后兩部分分別用一個(gè)概括性的名詞來(lái)替代，中間加上我們熟悉的表示因果關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)句子就非常符合議論文的風(fēng)格，或者如最后一句，至少我們可以盡量將其中的一個(gè)小句變成名詞，減少某個(gè)人做主語(yǔ)的口語(yǔ)化句式的出現(xiàn)頻率。常見的名詞化用法：ifthereisno…àlackof,don’tknow…àignoranceof,can’tread…/can’tuse…àilliteracyin,didn’tdo…àfailureLackoftheknowledgewouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutogetthatjobMyignoranceof

itsimportanceatlastputmeintotroubleMyilliteracyof

computerpreventedmefromgettingabetterjob在具體的使用過(guò)程中可以結(jié)合介詞with使用，使得句法更加凝練。此外個(gè)別單詞也可以利用動(dòng)詞的名詞性后綴如：-tion，-ment,-isation,-ness,-ity等或者變成動(dòng)名詞形式-ing。如：

Moreyoungergenerationscelebratethewesternfestivals.àThecelebrationofthewesternfestivalswasenjoyedbymoreyoungergenerations

35%ofthestudentsdidhomeworkathomeintheSpringFestival.北京高中英語(yǔ)寫作句型多樣化技巧（下）四、其它常見句式多樣化手段1.將陳述句改為感嘆句。

1.Topreventthepollutionisveryimportant．àHowimportantitis

topreventthepollution!2.Sheisaclevergirl．à

whataclevergirlsheis!2.將陳述句改為倒裝句1.Peoplehaveneverimaginedtotravelaroundtheworldwithoutwalkingoutofhouse.àNeverbeforehave

peopleimaginedtotravelaroundtheworldwithoutwalkingoutofhouse.2.Suchsteeppriceriseneverhappenednomatterintheindustrialageoranyothertimeofhistory.àNeither

intheindustrialagenoranyothertimeofhistorydid

suchsteeppricerisehappen.3.將簡(jiǎn)單句改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句1.Smokingdidgreatharmtohishealth.

à

Itwassmokingthatdidgreatharmtohishealth.2.Ourmoneyisearnedthroughhardworkbyourparents.àItisthroughhardworkthatourmoneyisearnedbyourparents.4.將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為并列句1.Youcandoit.Icandoit.Oneofusmustdoit.àEither

youorImustdoit.2.Iwanttobuythisbike.Idon’thaveenoughmoney.

àIwanttobuythisbike,but

Idon'thaveenoughmoney.5.將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為復(fù)合句（1）

同位語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句（常用于描述人物、地點(diǎn)等介紹性文段）1)LiuXiangisanexcellentathlete.HewonthefirstprizeinMen’s110HurdleRaceinthe2004OlympicGames.àLiuXiang,

anexcellentathlete,wonthefirstprizeinMen’s110HurdleRaceinthe2004OlympicGames.2)Thewordistrue.Thepresidentwillgiveourschoolaspeech.àThewordistrue

thatthepresidentwillgiveourschoolaspeech.（2）定語(yǔ)從句（限制性/非限制性）1)Inmyopinion,theGreatWallandtheSummerPalacearewellworthvisiting.àInmyopinion,theGreatWallandtheSummerPalacearethetwoplaceswhicharewellworthvisiting.

2)The2008OlympicGameswasheldinBeijing,anditssloganisOneWorld,OneDream.àThe2008OlympicGames,whosesloganisOneWorld,

OneDream,washeldinBeijing.3)Yesterday,wewenttotheEastGate,andweboughtalotofclothes

there.àYesterday,wewenttotheEastGate,

whereweboughtalotofclothes.4)Manyboyslearntosmoke.Itdoesharmtotheirhealth.àManyboyslearntosmoke,whichdoesharmtotheirhealth.（3）what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Ilikewhatshelikes.（what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）Whatshesaid

madeussurprised.（what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）ThisiswhatIlike.（what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）1)Hiswonderfulperformanceonthestageimpressedme.

àWhatimpressedmemostwashiswonderfulperformanceonthestage.2)Itsatisfiedme.Ourschooldininghallprovidesuswithalargevarietyofkindsofdishes.

àWhatsatisfiedme

isthatourschooldininghallprovidesuswithalargevarietyofkindsofdishes.3)Ilearnedfromthestorythataslongaswehavepatience,confidenceandperseverance,wecanrealizeourdreams.àWhatIhavelearntfromthestoryisthataslongaswehavepatience,confidenceandperseverance,wecanrealizeourdreams.（4）狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果、程度

so…that…;such…that…讓步

nomatterhow\what\when\where….=whatever,however,whenever,wherever時(shí)間

…wasdoing…when…1)不管前面有多少困難，我們都要學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立的克服他們。

Nomatterhowmanydifficultiesthereareaheadofus,

weshouldlearntoovercomethemindependently.2)我正沿著馬路走，突然我聽到有人叫我。Iwaswalking

alongtheroadwhen

suddenlyIheardmynamecalled.批注：從句的使用可以增加文章的亮點(diǎn)。這就要求學(xué)生對(duì)于三大從句非常了解，只有理解了它們的用法，才能在書面表達(dá)中靈活使用。6.使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.Theteacherpraisedthestudentsandthenlefttheclassroom.

àHavingpraisedthestudents,theteacherlefttheclassroom.2.Becausemyfriendwasfrightenedoflosinghisjob,hesaidnothingtothepolice.àFrightenedoflosinghisjob,myfriendsaidnothingtothepolice.3.Wehavetostudyhardsothatwecanfindagoodjobinthefuture.àTofindagoodjobinthefuture,wehavetostudyhard.7.使用with引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或者復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

With+賓語(yǔ)+adj./adv./介詞短語(yǔ)/todo\doing\donewithapopulationof….withatotalareaof…withalonghistoryof…years1)這個(gè)地區(qū)占地2000平方千米，人口10萬(wàn)。Thisareacoversanareaof2000squarekilometers,withapopulationof100,000.

2)

我們學(xué)校周圍種了很多花和樹，吸引了大量的學(xué)生來(lái)參觀。

Withsomanytreesandflowerssurroundingourschool

,itattractsalargenumberofpeople.3

沒有做完作業(yè)，這個(gè)小孩不敢去上學(xué)。Withhomeworknotfinished,theboydarednotgotoschool.4)這兩個(gè)男人早早就睡了，蠟燭燒了一個(gè)晚上。Thetwomenwenttobedearly,

withcandlesburninganightlong.8.不要總是用肯定句來(lái)表達(dá),要學(xué)會(huì)用否定表示肯定的意思（雙重否定，或用沒有...更句型）。1.Everyyoungboyandgirlwantstoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.

àThereishardlyayoungboyandgirlwhodoesn’twanttoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.2.Wheneveryoupickupanewspaper,youwillalwaysfindadvertisements.

àItisimpossibleto

pickupanewspaperwithoutfindingadvertisements.3.Foodisthemostbasicissuetoindividualandnationalsurvival.à

Noissueisasbasictoindividualandnationalsurvivalasfood.◆雙重否定的肯定程度往往比一般的肯定句強(qiáng)烈常用的雙重否定詞：None…not,never…without,impossible…without,therebenodenyingthatNone

aresodeafasthosewhowillnot

hear.

不愿聽人言者最聾。Thereisnodenying

thattheeconomyisworsening.毫無(wú)疑問，經(jīng)濟(jì)正在惡化。Impossible

isnothing.一切皆有可能（某國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)品牌廣告語(yǔ)）。試比較某國(guó)內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)品牌的英文廣告語(yǔ)：Anythingispossible.意思都差不多，但其力度就相去甚遠(yuǎn)了。批注：學(xué)生們習(xí)慣的表達(dá)是使用肯定句，而雙重否定的肯定程度往往比一般的肯定句強(qiáng)烈。使用時(shí)，可以有意想不到的效果。在這里老師可以補(bǔ)充部分否定的內(nèi)容，從而與完全否定進(jìn)行區(qū)分。五、升級(jí)詞匯1.對(duì)被過(guò)度使用的詞或詞組進(jìn)行“升級(jí)”moreandmoreàanincreasingnumberof;growingnumberof/growingtrendof……increasingly;ontherise,onthedeclinetrendup;trenddown;dropeg.MoreandmorepeoplenowprefertostayathomeandwatchTV.àPeople

inincreasingnumbers

prefertostayathomeandwatchTV.becauseof(because)

àdueto;given;considering;thanksto;owingto;onaccountof;inviewof;byreasonof;inthatinviewofthefactthat…soàconsequently;asaresult;the