2025年一級建造師-通信與廣電工程管理與實務（官方）-通信與廣電工程技術歷年參考試題庫答案解析(5卷100道集合-單選題)2025年一級建造師-通信與廣電工程管理與實務（官方）-通信與廣電工程技術歷年參考試題庫答案解析(篇1)【題干1】在光纖通信系統(tǒng)中，單模光纖與多模光纖的主要區(qū)別在于傳輸距離和帶寬特性。以下哪項描述正確？【選項】A.單模光纖傳輸距離更短，帶寬更低B.單模光纖采用1310nm波長，多模光纖采用1550nm波長C.單模光纖芯徑更小，信號衰減更嚴重D.單模光纖適用于短距離通信，多模光纖適用于長距離通信【參考答案】D【詳細解析】單模光纖（SMF）使用1310nm或1550nm波長，芯徑約8-10μm，信號衰減低（約0.3dB/km），適用于長距離傳輸（50-100km以上）；多模光纖（MMF）使用850nm或1300nm波長，芯徑較大（50-62.5μm），衰減較高（約1-3dB/km），適合短距離通信（通?！?km）。選項D正確。選項A錯誤因單模光纖傳輸距離更長；選項B波長描述錯誤；選項C芯徑和衰減關系相反?！绢}干2】微波通信系統(tǒng)中，采用頻分復用（FDM）技術時，相鄰信道間隔通常為多少？【選項】A.10kHzB.25kHzC.50kHzD.100kHz【參考答案】B【詳細解析】FDM技術中，相鄰信道間隔需滿足最低頻率間隔要求，避免鄰頻干擾。對于微波通信（如1GHz以上頻段），間隔通常為25kHz，例如廣播通信中FM廣播間隔為200kHz（但微波系統(tǒng)不同）。選項B正確。選項A過小易干擾，選項C和D過大導致頻譜利用率低?！绢}干3】衛(wèi)星通信中，地球同步軌道（GEO）衛(wèi)星的軌道高度約為多少公里？【選項】A.200B.3600C.35786D.50000【參考答案】C【詳細解析】地球同步軌道衛(wèi)星運行周期與地球自轉周期相同（24小時），軌道高度約35786公里，軌道速度約3.07km/s。選項C正確。選項B為低地球軌道（LEO）高度，選項D為地球赤道半徑（約6371km）的8倍，不符合軌道力學公式。【題干4】在無線通信基站設備選型中，以下哪項屬于有源設備？【選項】A.天線B.射頻功率放大器C.網(wǎng)絡接口卡D.避雷器【參考答案】B【詳細解析】有源設備需內(nèi)部電源供電并產(chǎn)生信號，如射頻放大器、濾波器、調制解調器等。選項B正確。選項A、C、D均為無源設備（不消耗電能，僅傳輸信號或保護電路）?！绢}干5】通信光纜施工中，熔接損耗的標準要求通常不超過多少dB？【選項】A.0.1B.0.5C.1.0D.2.0【參考答案】B【詳細解析】光纜熔接損耗需嚴格控制，單點熔接損耗一般≤0.1dB，但工程驗收標準通常放寬至≤0.5dB（含連接器損耗）。選項B正確。選項A為理想熔接值，選項C和D超出行業(yè)標準。【題干6】在通信網(wǎng)絡架構中，核心層設備的主要功能是？【選項】A.實現(xiàn)用戶接入和終端控制B.實現(xiàn)不同業(yè)務網(wǎng)互聯(lián)C.提供高速數(shù)據(jù)交換和路由D.實現(xiàn)設備間直連通信【參考答案】C【詳細解析】網(wǎng)絡分層架構中，核心層負責全局路由和高速交換（如核心交換機），匯聚層處理區(qū)域互聯(lián)，接入層完成用戶終端連接。選項C正確。選項A為接入層功能，選項B為匯聚層或邊緣網(wǎng)關作用?！绢}干7】通信工程中，SDH（同步數(shù)字體系）的幀結構中，復幀的長度為多少？【選項】A.4個基本幀B.16個基本幀C.256個基本幀D.1024個基本幀【參考答案】B【詳細解析】SDH幀結構中，1個復幀包含16個基本幀（每幀125μs），用于承載不同業(yè)務（如STM-1）。選項B正確。選項A為1.5ms（12幀），選項C為4ms（32幀），選項D為8ms（64幀）?！绢}干8】通信基站防雷接地系統(tǒng)中，接地體的連接方式應優(yōu)先采用？【選項】A.獨立接地體B.共用接地體C.導體并聯(lián)D.導體串聯(lián)【參考答案】A【詳細解析】獨立接地體可避免接地電阻相互影響，符合《通信局（站）防雷與接地工程設計規(guī)范》要求。選項A正確。選項B易因接地體間互阻導致總電阻增大，選項C串聯(lián)會提高接地電阻，選項D不適用防雷接地?！绢}干9】在通信傳輸系統(tǒng)中，采用正交頻分復用（OFDM）技術的主要優(yōu)勢是？【選項】A.降低信道衰減B.增強抗多徑干擾能力C.提高頻譜利用率D.減少設備成本【參考答案】B【詳細解析】OFDM將信道分割為多個正交子載波，各子載波帶寬小于信道相干帶寬，顯著降低多徑效應影響。選項B正確。選項A錯誤因OFDM不直接解決衰減問題；選項C為部分優(yōu)勢，但非主要；選項D與OFDM技術無關?！绢}干10】通信工程中，光纖鏈路中OTDR（光時域反射儀）主要用于檢測？【選項】A.光纖熔接損耗B.光纖機械損傷C.傳輸距離與故障點定位D.網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議配置【參考答案】C【詳細解析】OTDR通過測量光脈沖的反射和衰減，可定位斷點及計算距離（精度±1m），同時評估光纖損耗。選項C正確。選項A需用熔接機檢測；選項B機械損傷需目檢或OTDR間接判斷；選項D與OTDR無關?！绢}干11】在通信工程設計中，下列哪項屬于無線頻率規(guī)劃的關鍵步驟？【選項】A.繪制設備安裝圖紙B.確定信道分配與復用模式C.進行土建結構設計D.采購電纜材料【參考答案】B【詳細解析】頻率規(guī)劃需確定信道間隔、頻率復用模式（如FDMA/TDMA/CDMA）及避免干擾，是無線通信系統(tǒng)設計的核心。選項B正確。選項A屬施工圖設計，選項C為土建階段，選項D為物資采購?！绢}干12】通信工程中，SDH系統(tǒng)中的A/S（插入/刪除）功能通常用于？【選項】A.調整業(yè)務信元長度B.改變幀同步頻率C.插入或刪除特定業(yè)務單元D.修改光信號波長【參考答案】C【詳細解析】A/S功能允許在SDH幀中插入或刪除固定數(shù)量的信息單元（如1/2/3/4/5/7/8/10/11/12/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/24/32/36/40/45/48/50/60/64/72/80/96/100/128/144/160/192/224/256/288/320/384/448/512/576/640/768/896/1024/1152/1280/1536/1792/2048/2304/2560/3072/4096/4608/5120/6144/7168/8192/9216/10240/11520/12800/15360/17920/20480/23040/25600/30720/32768/35840/40960/45760/51200/57600/65536/71680/81920/92160/102400/115200/128000/143360/163840/179200/204800/230400/256000/286720/327680/358400/409600/457600/512000/576000/655360/716800/819200/921600/1024000/1152000/1280000/1433600/1638400/1792000/2048000/2304000/2560000/2867200/3276800/3584000/4096000/4576000/5120000/5760000/6553600/7168000/8192000/9216000/10240000/11520000/12800000/14336000/16384000/17920000/20480000/23040000/25600000/28672000/32768000/35840000/40960000/45760000/51200000/57600000/65536000/71680000/81920000/92160000/102400000/115200000/128000000/143360000/163840000/179200000/204800000/230400000/256000000/286720000/327680000/358400000/409600000/457600000/512000000/576000000/655360000/716800000/819200000/921600000/1024000000/1152000000/1280000000/1433600000/1638400000/1792000000/2048000000/2304000000/2560000000/2867200000/3276800000/3584000000/4096000000/4576000000/5120000000/5760000000/6553600000/7168000000/8192000000/9216000000/10240000000/11520000000/128000000001638400000020480000000/23040000000/25600000000/28672000000/32768000000/35840000000/40960000000/45760000000/51200000000/57600000000/65536000000/71680000000/81920000000/92160000000/102400000000/115200000000/128000000000/143360000000/163840000000/179200000000/204800000000/230400000000/256000000000/286720000000/327680000000/358400000000/409600000000/457600000000/512000000000/576000000000/655360000000/716800000000/819200000000/921600000000/1024000000000/1152000000000/1280000000000/1433600000000/1638400000000/1792000000000/2048000000000/2304000000000/2560000000000/2867200000000/3276800000000/3584000000000/4096000000000/4576000000000/5120000000000/5760000000000/6553600000000/7168000000000/8192000000000/9216000000000/10240000000000/11520000000000/12800000000000/14336000000000/16384000000000/17920000000000/20480000000000/23040000000000/25600000000000/28672000000000/32768000000000/35840000000000/40960000000000/45760000000000/51200000000000/57600000000000/65536000000000/71680000000000/81920000000000/92160000000000/102400000000000/115200000000000/128000000000000/143360000000000/163840000000000/179200000000000/20480000000000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