高中英語【人教版2019】必修第三冊Unit3DiverseCultures重點語法+單元寫作【問題查找】單項選擇1.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.compared B.beingcompared C.comparing D.havingcompared2.—Thegovernmentmusthavetakenmeasurestolowerthehousepricesnextyear,________it?—Yes.Iguessso.A.didn’t B.hasn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t3.There________moredifficultiesthantheyhadexpected,they________theprojectaheadofschedule.A.were;couldn’tfinish B.being;couldn’thavefinishedC.havebeen;couldn’tfinish D.musthavebeen;couldn’thavefinished4.—Willyoubeabletofinishyourreporttoday?—______A.Ilikeit B.Ihopeso C.I’lldoso D.I’dloveit5.Muchofthepowerofthetradeunionshasbeenlost.______,theirpoliticalinfluenceshouldbeverygreat.A.Asaresult B.Asusual C.Evenso D.Sofar6.Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,when________intime,canbecomebiggeroneslateron.A.nottreated B.notbeingtreatedC.nottobetreated D.nothavingbeentreated7.—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholidays?—Yes.________,I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity?A.Ifever B.Ifbusy C.Ifanything D.Ifpossible8.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.beingintroduced9.—Wouldyougoshoppingwithme?—Oh,I______,butIamtoobusynow.A.wouldliketodoit B.wouldliketo C.wouldlikeit D.wouldliketodo10.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine._____,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.A.Otherwise B.Ifnot C.Butforthat D.Ifso11.—Hi,areyouanengineerinLenovoGroup?—No,butI_______.A.wantto B.wanttobe C.wantso D.wantit12.Theseexamples,once______tohisarticle,willmakeitsoundmorereasonableandacceptable.A.add B.toadd C.adding D.added13.Knowingofficerules—whether_______ornot—iscritical,especiallyforyoungjobseekers.A.written B.writing C.beingwritten D.havingbeenwritten14.If________tolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.A.asked B.toask C.asking D.havingasked15.Misunderstandings_______fromlackofsocialcommunication,unless______properly,mayleadtoseriousproblems.A.arisen;handling B.arising;handled C.arising;handled D.risen;handlingKeys:1.C。when后面省略了與主句的主語相同的主語we，根據主語we與compare的關系為主動關系，可以判定應使用現在分詞comparing。2.B。musthavedone表示對過去的推測，但是句中沒有明確表示過去的時間狀語，因此附加疑問句用現在完成時。3.B。逗號前面是獨立主格結構因此用being，后半句意為：因為難度超過他們的預想，因此推測他們不可能已經完成了任務。4.B。Ihopeso表示“我希望如此”，so指代上文的beabletofinishmyreporttoday。5.C。evenso表示“即使如此”，符合題意，so指代上文的Muchofthepowerofthetradeunionshasbeenlost。6.A。when后面省略了與前面相同的主語somehealthproblems，when后面補全應為：whensomehealthproblemsarenottreatedintime，故A項符合。7.D。從后者的回答可以看出，如果有可能的話，我準備去市里的養(yǎng)老院看看，根據含義ifpossible符合題意，ifpossible實際上是ifitispossible的省略形式。8.B。when后面省略了theseproductswere，故使用introduced符合題意。9.B。本題考查不定式的省略，不定式的省略通常省略到不定式的標志to為止，因此本題B項符合。10.D。根據句意：汽車的引擎出問題了，假如這樣的話，我們最好把車立即拿去修理廠，ifso表示“假如那樣的話”，符合題意。11.B。考查不定式的省略，不定式的省略通常省到不定式的標志to為止，但是如果to后面含有be或have等則需保留這些詞匯。12.D?？疾闋钫Z從句once后面的省略，once后面省略了theseexamplesare，因此補全后應使用added符合題意。13.A。whether在此處引導讓步狀語從句，whether后面省略了officerulesare，因此選擇A項，表示這些規(guī)則無論是書面的還是非書面的。14.A。if狀語從句中的省略，本題主句是一個祈使句，因此其邏輯主語是you，因此if后面省略了youare，因此選擇asked，表示ifyouareasked表示“當你被問到的時候”。15.B。根據題干中mayleadto可知misunderstanding后面跟帶的是一個后置定語，misunderstanding與arise是主動關系，故使用arising作后置定語，unless后面省略了misunderstandingare，因此第二空選擇handled,表示“誤解被處理”?！疽c精講】【重點語法】省略句一、狀語從句中的省略在狀語從句（主要是時間、地點、方式和讓步狀語從句）中，如果從句的主語與主句的主語相一致并且含有be動詞時，可以把從句的主語和be動詞一起省略，可以使用這種結構的引導詞主要有：if;when,while,unless,once,until,although等，例如：Thefathergavehissonasuggestionthatheshouldkeepsilentatthemeetingunless(hewas)askedtogiveaspeech.【即學即練】(1)Anyone,once_____________(test)positiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.(2)When___________（leave）thehouse,shewasheardtomakesomecommonplaceremarktoherhusband.(3)When______________（ask）abouttheaccident,Tomcanonlygiveavaguedescriptionofthedriverwhoknockedhimdown.(4)If_____________(take)goodcareof,thebirdcanliveaslongasfiveyears.(5)If_____________(accept)forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.Keys:(1)tested(2)leaving(3)asked(4)taken(5)accepted有些省略結構是約定俗成的，是一種習慣表達方法，主要有如：ifever如果曾經有過的話；ifpossible如果可能的話，ifany如果有的話，ifnot如果不，whennecessary在必要的時候，whenpossible在有可能的時候，例如：Thegarbageisthentakenawayand,ifpossible,recycled.【即學即練】(1)Wewilldothatonly__________________(當有必要的時候).(2)Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,_______________(如果曾經),reaching300℃insummer.Keys:(1)whennecessary;(2)ifever二、不定式結構中的省略當不定式后面所跟的動詞與上文中的動詞重復時，可以使用不定式的省略結構，通常不定式的省略省到不定式的標志to為止，如：She’sverystrict—wedon’tdaretosayawordunlesssheasksusto.【即學即練】(1)—WouldyougotovisittheGreatWallwithus.—Yes,I’m___________________.（很樂意去參觀長城）(2)Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’t____________________（不想要去看電影）Keys:(1)gladto(2)wantto◆但是，如果省略的不定式結構中含有be,have或havebeen，一般要保留be,have或havebeen，如：(1)—Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?—No,butheoughttohave.(2)—Areyouataxidriver?—No,butIusedtobe.【即學即練】Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice________.A.nottodo B.notto C.notdo D.donotKey:B三、使用替代詞的省略在某些情況下，當我們省略掉某個詞、詞組或句子時還需要用某個替代詞。常用的替代詞有：do,so,not,to,doso,dothat,doit,one(ones),thesame等，例如：1.HespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanyoudo.（代替speakEnglish）2.NelsonhopedthattheywoulddoalltheirdutytothecountryasEnglishmenshoulddo.（代替shoulddotheirdutytothecountry）3.—Hewillreturnattheweekend.—Iamafraidnot.（代替thathewillnotreturnattheweekend）4.Hasshefinishedreadingthebook?Ihopeso.（代替thatshehasfinishedreadingthebook）5.Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidn’tdoso.（代替gowithme）6.Johnorderedtwofriedeggs.Iorderedthesame.（代替twofriedeggs）注：doso替代動詞加賓語結構時，so可以用it或that所取代，用it指具體事物，用that表示較重的語氣。Henryisgoingtomaketheexperimentandhewantedmetodoit,too.TheyplayedcardsaftersupperandIwatchedthemdothat.四、虛擬語氣中的省略在英語中有一類詞如suggest,advise,order,demand,require,request,insist,propose,desire,command,recommend等詞后接賓語從句時，賓語從句中需使用虛擬語氣，虛擬的構成是“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略；另外，由此類動詞變體而來的主語從句，表語從句或同位語從句中同樣要使用虛擬，虛擬的構成不變，仍為“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略：(1)Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.（賓語從句）(2)Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.（主語從句）(3)Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.（表語從句）(4)Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.（同位語從句）【即學即練】(1)Teachersrecommendparents___________(allow)theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2)Thechemistryteacherdemandedthatthelaboratoryreport_______(write)immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.(3)What’syouropinionofMr.Li’srequestthatwe__________(spend)halfanhourreadingEnglishaloudeverymorning?Keys:(1)(should)allow(2)(should)bewritten(3)(should)spend其他一些使用虛擬的句型中也經常使用“should+動詞原形”來表示虛擬，should可以省略，再如：(1)It’simportant/necessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.（主語從句中）(2)Edisonkeptphosphoruscarefullyinabottlelestit(should)burn.（lest引導的從句中）【單元話題寫作】給自己的城市/鎮(zhèn)寫一篇簡介本單元的寫作任務是介紹某一個城市/鎮(zhèn)，此類文章一般為說明文，地點介紹類說明文屬于事物性說明文，要求用簡潔的語言把需要介紹的要點講清楚，時態(tài)多用一般現在時。寫作指導［基本框架］開頭(beginning)——交代主體(body)——介紹結尾(ending)——總結常用表達［常用詞匯］1.apartfromthebeautifulscenery除了美麗的風景之外2.takeonanewlook呈視新面貌3.besituatedatthefootofthehill位于山腳下4.datebackto/datefromtheMingDynasty回溯到明朝5.inconclusion總之6.befamousforitswonderfullake因某漂亮的湖而出名［常用語句］★精彩開頭1?NowIlltellyousomethingaboutthegreatestplacesofinterestinourtown.現在我來告訴你一些有關我們城鎮(zhèn)的名勝景點的事。2?Pmmorethangladtotellyousomethingaboutthehistoryofourcity.我非常高興來為你講述我們城市的歷史。3?HearingyouarecomingtotheThreeGorgesoftheYangtzeRiver,Tmveryhappytobeyourguide.聽說你們要來長江三峽，我很高興成為你們的向導?！镎募丫??Thebeautifultownislocatedalongtheshoreofthelake.這個美麗的城鎮(zhèn)坐落于湖的沿岸。2?Ournewtowncoversanareaof12000muwith2riversrunningthroughit.我們的新城占地12000畝，有兩條河流穿城而過。3.Theoldtowndatesbacktothelateseventeenthcentury.這座古城建于十七世紀后期?！镉辔督Y尾1?Guilin,thesmallcity，isuniqueandlikeawatercolourpainting,especiallyaChinesepainting,waitingforvisitorsfromallovertheworldtohavealookatit.桂林，是一個充滿水墨色彩的小城，更像一幅中國畫，正等著來自全球的游客來參觀。2?Yetinspiteofthis，youcanstillfindsomeofthecity'sgrandpast.但是，盡管如此，你還是可以找到一些這個城市輝煌的過去。3?Pmlookingforwardtoyourcomingtoourcityoneday.期望有一天你能來我們的城市。寫作訓練假設你是李華，現住在西安，那么請你根據以下內容對西安做簡單的介紹。概述：十三朝古都，悠久的歷史，國內外游客必游之地歷史景觀：兵馬俑、鐘鼓樓、大（小）雁塔、明城墻等自然景觀：華山、華清池、驪山等餐飲：特色小吃，如羊肉泡饃等住宿及交通：各種檔次的賓館，交通方便注意：1.詞數：80左右；可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；開頭語已經為你寫好，不計入總詞數。參考詞匯：Terra-CottaWarriors兵馬俑HuaqingHotSpring華清池Big/SmallWildGoosePagoda大/小雁塔shreddedpancakeinmuttonbroth羊肉泡饃NowI'lltellyousomethingaboutXi'an—abeautifulcitybelongingtoShanxiProvince.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:NowI'lltellyousomethingaboutXi'an—abeautifulcitybelongingtoShanxiProvince.Xian,thecapitalofthirteendynasties,isfamousintheworld.TherearemanyhistoricalrelicsinXian,suchasTerra-CottaWarriors,BigWildGoosePagoda,SmallWildGoosePagoda,well-preservedcitywallsfromtheMingDynasty,andtheBellTowerandDrumTower.MountHua,HuaqingHotSpring,Lishanarenaturalsceneries.Besides,thelocalsnackswillmakeyouunabletorefuse,ofwhichthe“Shreddedpancakeinmuttonbroth”standsout.Andthepublictransportisconvenientforyoutoreachanyplaces.【查漏補缺】請使用恰當的省略結構完成下列句子：1.—Itissaidthatyouarestillaleadingchefinthatfive-starhotel.Isthattrue?—No,but________________________（我以前是）2.Studentsarenotallowedtoentertheprincipal’sofficeunless_________________（被要求）haveatalkwithhim.3.While_________________（盯著……看）thecolorfulgoldenfishesinthepond,healmostlosthimselfinthesituationandeverythingaroundhimevenbecamesilent.4.—Itissaidthatthepricesofrealestate（房地產）willcontinuetodeclineinthenextfewyears.—___________________(我希望如此).Thepresentpricesarebeyondthereachofmostcommonpeople.5.—Theheadteacherdidn’tpunishhimforhisseveremistakesintheexam.—Yes,but_____________________（他本應該被懲罰的）6.Tomdevotesmuchofhisenergytotakecareofhissickparents,andthisalsowhathistwinbrotherJohnshould________________.（使用省略原則，完成句子）7.Johnsonspentthreeyearstostudytheskillsofchess.___________________（即使如此），hestillcouldn’tdefeathisrival(對手).8.__________________________(notreceive)hiscooperator’sreply,hedeicedtosendhimane-mailtoconsultaboutit.9.___________hissuggestionsarerejectedbythecommittee.Someofthemarereallyoriginal.（根據上下文句意完成句子）10.Withtwomoreprofessionalhandshelpingyouwiththeworklateron,scarcely__________haveanytroublefulfillingyourtaskaheadoftime.(youwill)Keys:1.usedtobe2.requiredto/askedto3.staringat4.Ihopeso5.shouldhavebeen6.do7.Evenso8.Nothavingreceived9.All10.willyou【梳理優(yōu)化】狀語從句的省略if;when,while,unless,once,until,although等引導狀語從句，_______________________________________________________，可以把從句的主語和be動詞一起省略。慣用表達：ifever；ifpossible，ifany，ifnot，whennecessary，whenpossible。不定式的省略當不定式后面所跟的動詞與上文中的動詞重復時，______________________________；如果省略的不定式結構中含有be,have或havebeen，一般要保留be,have或havebeen。使用替代詞的省略在某些情況下，當我們省略掉某個詞、詞組或句子時還需要用某個替代詞。常用的替代詞有：_________________________________________等。虛擬語氣的省略suggest,advise,order,demand,require,request,insist,propose,desire,command,recommend等詞后接賓語從句時，賓語從句中需使用虛擬語氣，虛擬的構成是“should+動詞原形”，_________________________。Key:引導學生自己進行整理【強化鞏固】一、單句語法填空1.______________(be)thereanythingwrong?2.Herjobis______________(take)careoftheeldersand______________(to)washtheirclothes.3.Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreet,buthermothertoldhernot.4.Ihadmyfather______________(repair)mybike.5.Thegirlwasseen______________(cross)thestreet.6.Whatabeautifulviewit______________(be)!7.Youradvicemademehappybut______________(youradvicemade)Tom______________(anger).8.Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen______________(cross)thestreet.9.—WhywereyouabsentfromschoollastFriday?—______________(IwasabsentfromschoollastFriday)mymotherwasill.10.—Areyoufeelingbetternow?—______________(Iamfeeling)Much______________(good)now.Keys:1.Is2.totake3.to.4.repair5.tocross6.is7.angry8.crossing9.Because10.better二、用省略句式完成句子1._______________________________________________________________________________________被當作一個正常孩子對待是多么美妙的一件事呀。2._______________________________________________________________________________________我寧愿待在家也不愿去看電影。3._______________________________________________________________________________________我想要的就是上學,努力學習。4._______________________________________________________________________________________你唯一要做的事情是按按鈕。5._______________________________________________________________________________________她想來,可是她父母不會允許的。6._______________________________________________________________________________________請打開門。7._______________________________________________________________________________________他想搬遷到國外但他的父母想知道為什么。8._______________________________________________________________________________________我不喜歡你嘲笑她的方式。9._______________________________________________________________________________________如果有必要,你最好查字典。10._______________________________________________________________________________________趁年輕要努力學習,要不然你會后悔的。Keys:1.Howbeautifultobetreatedlikeanormalchild.2.Iwouldratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm.3.AllIwantistogotoschoolandstudyhard.4.Theonlythingyouhavetodoispressthebutton.5.Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto.6.Openthedoor,please.7.Hewantstomoveabroadbuthisparentswonderwhy.8.Idon’tlikethewayyoulaughather.9.Ifnecessary,you’dbetterrefertothedictionary.10.Studyhardwhenyoung,oryou’llregret.【課后練習】一、閱讀理解AWelcometoLosAngeles.HerearesomebestthingstodoinLosAngeles(LA)withyourkids.FallattheBeachThankstoitsalmostperfectweatherallthroughtheyear,avisittothebeachisoneofthebestthingstodowheninLosAngeleswithkids.Whiletheyenjoythemselvesnearby,youcansimplyrelaxandhaveagoodrestinthesun.TriptoDisneylandAtriptotheCityofAngelswithyourlittleangelsisincompletewithoutavisittotheMagicKingdom.Thejoythey'llfeelfrombeingaroundallthoseDisneycharacterswilllightupyourday,too.VisittothemuseumsIfyouwanttoturnyourstayinLAintoaneducationaloneforyourkids,youshouldvisitthemuseums.StartingwiththeNaturalHistoryMuseumofLosAngelesCounty,ortheCaliforniaScienceCenter,oreventheKidspaceMuseuminPasadena,youhavemanychoices.I'msureavisittoalltheseplaceswillmakeyourkidsfeelsmarter.VisittotheUniversalStudiosHollywoodYourkidscouldgettoseeinterestingthingsfromsomeofthemostpopularmoviesever.FromthethemeparkofJurassicParktoWisteriaLanefromtheTVplayDesperateHousewives,theUniversalStudiosHollywoodisaplacethatweallfindwonderful.1.Thepassageiswrittenforthosewho______.A.willgoonabusinesstriptoLosAngeles B.plantohaveatriptoLosAngeleswiththeirkidsC.wanttoeducatetheirchildrenbytravelingabroad D.areinterestedinthehistoryandcultureofLosAngeles2.Parentswhoprefertheirkidstolearnshouldchoose______.A.theUniversalStudiosHollywood B.theMagicKingdomC.themuseums D.thebeach3.Thewritersuggestsvisitingthebeachbecause______.A.childrencanlearnalotthere B.parentscantakearestthereC.itprovidesdifferentsportsequipment D.it'sthebestbeachintheworldKeys:1.B本題考查推理判斷題。根據第一段WelcometoLosAngeles.HerearesomebestthingstodoinLosAngeles(LA)withyourkids.可知，文章介紹了在洛杉磯上和孩子們可以做的有趣的事情，所以本文的目標人群是計劃帶孩子來洛杉磯旅行的人。故選B項。2.C本題考查細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Visittothemuseums部分IfyouwanttoturnyourstayinLAintoaneducationaloneforyourkids,youshouldvisitthemuseums.可知，如果父母希望他們的孩子能從旅行中學到知識，應該和他們參觀博物館。故選C項。3.B本題考查細節(jié)理解題。根據FallattheBeach部分Whiletheyenjoythemselvesnearby,youcansimplyrelaxandhaveagoodrestinthesun.可知，在海灘的時候，孩子們在附近玩耍，大人們可以簡單地放松，在陽光下好好休息一下。故選B項。BBeijingOpera,asoneofChinesetraditionaloperaforms,isregardedasthenationaloperaofChinaandwellreceivedallovertheworld.BeijingOperaaroseinthelate18thcenturywithahistoryofmorethan200yearswhoseorigincandatebacktosomeoldlocaloperas,especiallytheAnhuiOpera.Itbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.Nowit'sthebiggestkindofoperainChina,whosepopularityspreadalloverthecountry,becomingthemostpopulardramatic(戲劇的)formonChinesestage.TherearefourbasicmethodsemployedinaBeijingOperaperformance:chang,nian,zuo,da.Generallyspeaking,changmeanssinging,andnianrecitation(背誦)andoralcommunication,whilezuomeansthefacialandbodyexpressionsandactinganddaisChineseKungfu.BeijingOperaalsohasfourmaintypesofperformersnamelySheng,Dan,JingandChou.ShengandDanmeanthemainrolesintheopera.Thepaintedface,inChinesecalled'jing',isanamefortheroleofthemanthathassomespecialcharacteristicorappearance.Chouiseasilyunderstoodfromtherole'snameasaclownwithanuglyappearance,whoistoprovidelightreliefandcomedy.\Inrecentyears,BeijingOperahastriedtomakesomechanges,includingimprovingtheperformancequality.WidelyspreadingalloverChinawithgreatinfluence,BeijingOperacontainsthespiritofChinesenationalculture,buttheshortageoffundinghasbecomeabigproblemastheformentersthe21stcentury.ThereisnodoubtthatitisatreasureofChineseculture!4.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.ThehistoryofBeijingOpera. B.ThegreatinfluenceBeijingOperahasonus.C.BeijingOperaispopularinChina. D.TherelationshipbetweentheAnhuiOperaandBeijingOpera.5.Whenaperformerissayingsomethingtoanother,whichmethoddoesitbelongto?A.Chang B.Nian C.Zuo D.Da6.Afunnymanwhosen