大學英語四級考試2024年6月真題(第一套)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisseekingstudents'opinionsonwhetheruniversitylibrariesshouldbeopentothepublic.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpressyourview.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afieryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Duetoafirealarmintheirapartments.C)Duetothewaterusedtoextinguishtheflames.B)BecauseofthesmokeandheatdamageD)Becauseofthecollapseofthethree-storybuilding.2.A)Investigatingthecauseoftheincident.C)Rescuingthebusinessmentrappedinthebuilding.B)Helpingsearchforthesuspectofthecrime.D)Checkingtownrecordsforthepropertydeveloper.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itplaysalessimportantroleinone'shealththannutrientintake.B)Itimpactspeople'shealthtoalesserdegreethansunexposure.C)Itisassociatedwithpeople'smentalhealthconditionsD)Itislinkedwitholderadults'symptomsofdepression4.A)ItwasindefiniteC)Itwasstraightforward.B)Itwassystematic.D)Itwasinsignificant.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Ithashelpedsolveseveralmurdercases.C)Ithassurpasseditsmotherinperformance.B)IthasbecomeastarpolicedoginBeijingD)Ithasdonebetterthannaturallyborndogs.6.A)Tospeedupinvestigationintocriminalcases.C)TocutdowntrainingexpensesB)Totestthefeasibilityofcloningtechnology.D)Toreducetheirtrainingtime.7.A)CloningistoocomplicatedaprocessC)Cloningisethicallycontroversial.B)ThetechnologyisyettobeacceptedD)Thetechnologyistooexpensive.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Hereaditsomewhereonline.C)Hereadanarticlereviewingit.B)Heheardaboutitfromacoworker.D)HewatchedaTVseriesbasedonit.9.A)Hispublications.C)HisaddressB)Hisfirstbook.D)Hisname.10.A)Collectalotmoredata.C)ClarifymanynewconceptsB)Relaxabitlessoften.D)Readmorereferencebooks.11.A)Findouttheshow'smostinterestingepisodesC)Getane-Copyofthebooktoread.B)Watchtheseriestogetherwiththewoman.D)Checktoseewhentheshowstarts.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Tocheckthepricesofhisfarmproduce.C)Toinquireaboutthevegetarianfoodfestival.B)ToaskthewaytotheNewcastleCityHall.D)Toseektheman'shelpwithherworkonthefarm.13.A)Bakers.C)Vegetarians.B)VendorsD)Organisers14.A)Theissuingofcertificatestovendors.C)Thefestivaltheyareorganising.B)Thecompletionofthebakingtask.D)Thedeadlineforapplication.15.A)Theclosingdateofsubmission.C)ThedetailsoftheceremonyB)Thewebsiteofhiscompany.D)Theorganiser'saddressSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthrepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentreQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Mostscenicsiteshavebeenclosed.C)Healthexpertsadvisegoingoutdoors.B)AccesstoofficialcampsitesislimitedD)Peoplehavemoretimeduringthesummer.17.A)ItisstronglyopposedbynearbyresidentsC)IthascausedenvironmentalconcernsB)ItleadstomuchwasteofpublicmoneyD)Ithascreatedconflictsamongcampers.18.A)LookforopenlandinScotlandC)Avoidgettingclosetowilderness.B)LeavenotraceoftheircampingD)Askforpermissionfromauthorities.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyoutcompetemythicalcreatures.C)TheytrulyexistintheAmazonregionB)Theyusuallymindtheirownbusiness.D)Theyresemblealarminglylargesnakes20.A)Scartissuefromdolphins'fighting.B)Skininfectionfromwaterpollution.21.A)Ithasbeenshrinkingatanastonishingpace.C)Unhealedwoundsfromsnakebites.D)Swimmingalonginseasonalfloods.B)Ithasbeenplacedunderinternationalprotection.C)IthasbeenappealingtobothfreshwaterandseadolphinsD)Ithasbeenabandonedasabattlegroundformaledolphins.22.A)About58%ofyoungadultscallparentalsupportthenewnormal.B)MostadultchildrenenjoyincreasingsourcesoffinancialsupportC)Afull70%oftheyoungadultscannotaffordtobuyacarbythemselves.D)Mostearlyadultscannotsustaintheirlifestyleswithoutparentalsupport23.A)Itrendersthemdependent.C)Itmakesthemmentallyimmature.B)Itcausesthemtolosedignity.D)Ithindersthemfromgettingahead.24.A)Itchallengesone'swillpowerC)Itcallsfordueassistance.B)Itresultsfromeducation.D)Itdefinesadulthood.25.A)CurrentlifestylesC)CollegeloansB)Poorbudgeting.D)EmergencyexpensesDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter:PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.It'swellknownthatphysicalexerciseisbeneficialnotjustsmostcountrieshave26evifBefore29intosomeofthekeytake-aways,animportant30madeinthereviewisbetweenaerobicexerciseandanaerobic.Theformer31suchthingsaswalking,joggingandcyclingandmeansexercisinginsuchawaythatyourbodyisabletouseoxygentoburnfatforenergy.Incontrast,anaerobicexercise—suchasliftingheavyweights—isofsuch32intensitythatyourbodydoesnothavetimetouseoxygentocreateenergyandsoinsteaditbreaksdownglucose(葡萄糖)inyourbloodormuscles.Beginningfirstwiththeinfluenceofexerciseintensityonthemoodbenefitsofaerobicexercise,theresearchers,ledbyJohnChanatShenzhenUniversity,found33resultsfrom19relevantstudies.Somefavouredhigherintensity,otherslow,whilesevenstudiesfoundthatintensitymadeno34_tomoodbenefits.Inrelationtotheintensityofanaerobicexercise,however,theresultswerefarclearer—theoptimum(最佳選擇)forimprovingmoodis35intensity,perhapsbecauselowintensityistoodullwhilehighintensityistoounpleasantA)constitutesB)contradictoryC)decisionD)detailedE)differenceF)dippingG)distinctionH)fallingI)involvesJ)moderateK)notifiedL)partlyM)requiredN)traditionallyO)vigorousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyDoAmericansWorkSoMuch?A)Howwillweallkeepbusywhenweonlyhavetowork15hoursaweek?ThatwasthequestionthatworriedtheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeyneswhenhewrotehisshortessay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren”in1930.Overthenextcentury,hepredicted,theeconomywouldbecomesoproductivethatpeoplewouldbarelyneedtoworkatall.Forawhile,itlookedlikeKeyneswasright.In1930theaverageworkingweekwas47hoursintheUnitedStates.Butby1970,thenumberofhoursAmericansworkedonaveragehadfallentoslightlylessthan39.B)Butthensomethingchanged.Insteadofcontinuingtodecline,thedurationoftheworkingweekremainedstable.Ithasstayedatjustbelow40hoursfornearlyfivedecades.Sowhathappened?Whyarepeopleworkingjustasmuchtodayasin1970?C)TherewouldbenomysteryinthisifKeyneshadbeenwrongaboutthepoweroftechnologytoincreasetheeconomy'sproductivity,whichhethoughtwouldleadtoastandardofliving“betweenfourandeighttimesashighasitistoday.”ButKeynesgotthatright:Technologyhasmadetheeconomymassivelymoreproductive.eight-fold(八倍)multipleby2029.ThatisacenturyafterthelastdataKeyneswouldhavehadaccessto.D)Inanewpaper,Friedmantriestofigureoutwhythatincreasedproductivityhasnottranslatedintoincreasedleisuretime.Perhapspeoplejustneverfeelmateriallysatisfied,alwayswantingmoremoneytobuythenextnewthing.Thisisatheorythatappealstomanyeconomists.“Thisargumentis,atbest,farfromsufficient,”hewrites.Ifthatwerethecase,whydidthedurationoftheworkingweekdeclineinthefirstplace?E)AnothertheoryFriedmanconsidersisthat,inaneraofeverfewersettingsthatprovideeffectiveopportunitiesforpersonalconnectionsandrelationships,peoplemayplacemorevalueonthesocializingthathappensatwork.Thereissupportforthistheory.Manypeopletodayconsidercolleaguesasfriends.ButFriedmanarguesthattheevidenceforthistheoryisfarfromconclusive.Manyworkersreportthattheywouldliketospendmoretimewithfamily,ratherthanatwork.Furthermore,thistheorycannotexplainthechangeintrendintheU.S.workingweekinthe1970s.F)AthirdpossibilityprovesmoreconvincingforFriedman.Thatis:Americaninequalitymeansthatthegainsofincreasingproductivityarenotwidelysharedbyeveryone.Inotherwords,mostAmericansaretoopoortoworkless.UnliketheothertwoexplanationsFriedmanconsiders,thisonefitschronologically(按年代).InequalitydeclinedinAmericaduringtheperiodfollowingWorldWarII,alongwiththedurationoftheworkingweek.Butsincetheearly1970sithasrisendramatically.G)Keynes'spredictionofashorterworkingweekrestsontheideathatthestandardoflivingwouldcontinuerisingforeveryone.ButFriedmansaysthatthisisnotwhathashappened.AlthoughKeynes'seight-foldfigureholdsupfortheeconomyasawhole,itisnotatallthecaseforthemedian(中位數(shù)的)Americanworker.Forthem,outputby2029islikelytobearound3.5timeswhatitwaswhenKeyneswaswriting.Thisisabitbelowhisfour-toeight-foldpredictedrangeH)Thiscanbeseeninthemedianworker'sincomeoverthistimeperiod,completewithashiftin1973thatfitsinpreciselywithwhentheworkingweekstoppedshrinking.AccordingtoFriedman,between1947and1973theaveragehourlywagefornormalworkers(thosewhowerenotinmanagementroles)inprivateindustriesotherthanagriculturenearlydoubledintermsofwhattheirmoneycouldbuy.Butby2013theaveragehourlywageforordinaryworkershadfallen5percentfromthe1973levelintermsofactualpurchasingpower.Thus,thoughAmericanincomesmayhavegoneupsince1973,theamountthatAmericanworkerscanactuallybuywiththeirmoneyhasgonedown.FormostAmericans,then,themagicofincreasingproductivitystoppedworkingaround1973.Thus,theyhadtokeepworkingjustasmuchinordertomaintaintheirstandardoflivingI)WhatKeynespredictedwasaveryoptimisticversionofwhateconomistscalltechnologicalunemployment.Thisistheideathatlesslaborwillbenecessarybecausemachinescandosomuch.InKeynes'svision,theresultingunemploymentwouldbedistributedmoreorlessevenlyacrosssocietyintheformofincreasedleisure.ButFriedmansaysthat,forAmericans,realityismuchdarker.Americansnowhavealabormarketinwhichmillionsofpeople—thosewithfewerskillsandlesseducation—areseekingwhateverpoorlypaidworktheycanget.Thisisconfirmedbyarecentpollthatfoundthat,forhalfofhourlyworkers,theirtopconcernisnotthattheyworktoomuchbutthattheyworktoolittle.Thisismostlikelynotbecausetheyliketheirjobssomuch.Rather,wecanassumeitisbecausetheyneedthemoney.J)Thisexplanationleavesanimportantquestion.Iftheveryrich—theworkerswhohavereapedabove-averagegainsfromtheincreasedproductivitysinceKeynes'stime—canaffordtoworkless,whydotheycontinuetoworksomuch?(Indeed,researchhasshownthatthehighestearnersinAmericatendtoworkthemost.)55Friedmanbelievesthatformanytopearners,workisalaboroflove.Theyaredoingworktheycareaboutandareinterestedin,anddoingmoreofitisnotnecessarilyaburden.Forthem,itmayevenbeapleasure.Thesetopearnersderivemeaningfromtheirjobsandworkisanimportantpartofhowtheythinkofthemselves.And,ofcourse,theyarecompensatedforitatalevelthatmakesitworththeirwhile.K)Friedmanconcludesthattheprosperity(繁榮)Keynespredictedishere.Afterall,theeconomyasawholehasgrownevenmorebrilliantlythanheexpected.ButformostAmericans,thatprosperityisnowheretobeseen.And,asaresult,neitherarethoseshorterworkingweeks.36.Somepeopleviewsocializingattheworkplaceasachancetodeveloppersonalrelationships.37.AsordinaryAmericanworkers'averagehourlypayhaddecreaseddespiteincreasingproductivity,theyhadtoworkjustasmanyhoursasbeforetokeeptheirlivingstandards.38.Americanworkers'averageweeklyworkingtimehasnotchangedfornearlyhalfacentury.39.FriedmanbelievesinequalityintheU.S.largelyexplainswhyincreasingproductivityhasnotresultedinreducedworkinghours.40.Manyeconomistsassumepeople'sthirstformaterialthingshaspreventedthemfromenjoyingmoreleisuretime.41.Aneconomist'spredictionaboutashorteraverageworkingweekseemedtobecorrectforatimeinthe20th42.IntheU.S.labormarket,theprimaryconcernofpeoplewithlessschoolingandfewerskillsistosecureanyemploymentevenifitislow-paid.43.Keyneswasrightinpredictingthattechnologywouldmaketheeconomymuchmoreproductive.44.Manyofthehighestearnershaveakeeninterestinandloveforwhattheyaredoing45.AccordingtoKeynes,therewouldbeashorterworkingweekwitheveryone'sstandardoflivingcontinuingtorise.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.LaoZioncesaid,“Careaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkandyouwillalwaysbetheirprisoner.”People-pleasing,orseekingself-worththroughothers'approval,isunproductiveandanexhaustingwaytogothroughlife.Whydoweallowwhatothersthinkofustohavesomuchpoweroverhowwefeelaboutourselves?Ifit'struethatyoucan'tpleaseallpeopleallofthetime,wouldn'titmakesensetostoptrying?Unfortunately,senseoftenisn'tdrivingourbehavior.Forsocialbeingswhodesireloveandbelonging,wantingtobeliked,andcaringabouttheeffectwehaveonothers,ishealthyandallowsustomakeconnections.66However,wherewegetintotroubleiswhenourself-worthisdependentuponwhetherwewinsomeone'sapprovalornot.Thisneedtobelikedcanbetracedbacktowhenwewerechildrenandwerecompletelydependentonotherstotakecareofus:Smallchildrenarenotjustlearninghowtowalkandcommunicate,theyarealsotryingtolearnhowtheworldworks.Welearnaboutwhoweareandwhatisexpectedofusbasedoninteractionswithothersso,toafour-year-old,ifMommyorDaddydoesn'tlikehimorher,thereisthedangerthattheywillabandonthem.Weneedtounderstandthatwhenwedesperatelywantsomeonetoapproveofus,it'sbeingdrivenbythatlittlekidpartofusthatisstillterrifiedofabandonment.Asyoubecomemorecapableofprovidingyourselfwiththeapprovalyouseek,yourneedforexternalvalidationwillstarttovanish,leavingyoustronger,moreconfident,andyes,happierinyourlife.Imaginehowmuchtimeweloseeachmomentwerestrainourauthenticselvesinanefforttobeliked.Ifwebaseourworthontheopinionsofothers,wecheatourselvesofthepowertoshapeourexperiencesandembracelifenotonlyforothersbutalsoforourselves,becauseultimately,thereisnodifference.Soembracethecliché(老話)andloveyourselfasit'shighlydoubtfulthatyou'llregretit.46.WhatcanweconcludefromLaoZi'squotation?A)Weshouldseethroughotherpeople'sattempttomakeaprisonerofus.B)Wecanneverreallypleaseotherpeopleevenifwetryashardaswecan.C)Wecanneverbetrulyfreeiftakingtoheartothers'opinionofus.D)Weshouldcareaboutotherpeople'sviewasmuchastheycareaboutourown.47.Whatwillhappenifwebaseourself-worthonotherpeople'sapproval?A)Ourdesiretobelovedwillbefulfilled.C)Ouridentityassocialbeingswillbeaffected.B)OurlifewillbeunfruitfulandexhaustingD)Oursenseofselfwillbesharpenedandenhanced.48.Whatmayaccountforourneedtobelikedorapprovedof?A)Ourdesperatelongingforinteractionswithothers.C)Ourknowledgeaboutthepainofabandonment.B)Ourunderstandingoftheworkingsoftheworld.D)Ourearlychildhoodfearofbeingdeserted.49.Whatcanwedowhenwebecomebetterabletoprovideourselveswiththedesiredapproval?A)Enjoyahappierlife.C)Receivemoreexternalvalidation.B)Exerciseself-restraint.D)Strengthenourpowerofimagination.50.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A)Embracelifeforourselvesandforothers.C)Seeourexperiencesasassets.B)Baseourworthonothers'opinions.D)LoveourselvesaswearePassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somepeoplehavesaidagingismoreaslideintoforgetfulnessthanajourneytowardswisdom.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatlate-in-lifelearningispossible.Inreality,educationdoesanagingbraingood.77Throughoutlife,people'sbrainsconstantlyrenovatethemselves.Inthelate1960s,BritishbrainscientistGeoffreyRaismanspiedgrowthindamagedbrainregionsofratsthroughanelectronmicroscope;theirbrainswereforgingnewconnections.Thismeantbrainsmaychangeeverytimeapersonlearnssomethingnew.Ofcourse,thatdoesn'tmeanthebrainisn'taffectedbytheeffectsoftime.Justasheightusuallydeclinesovertheyears,sodoesbrainvolume:Humansloseabout4percenteverydecadestartingintheir40s.Butthatreductiondoesn'tnecessarilymakepeoplethinkslower;aslongaswearealiveandfunctioning,wecanalterourbrainswithnewinformationandexperiences.Infact,scientistsnowsuspectaccumulatingnovelexperiences,facts,andskillscankeeppeople'smindsmoreflexible.Newpathwayscanstrengthenourever-changingmentalstructure,evenasthebrainshrinks.Conventionalfixeslikewordpuzzlesandbrain-trainingappscancontributetomentaldurability.Evensomethingassimpleastakingadifferentroutetothegrocerystoreorgoingsomewherenewonvacationcankeepthebrainhealthy.Adesirefornewlifechallengescanfurtherboostbrainpower.Researchaboutagingadultswhotakeonnewenterprisesshowsimprovedfunctionand