專題四語(yǔ)法填空最易得分的題型，但要求扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)[2017年全國(guó)卷考情導(dǎo)向](對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第40頁(yè))模式1|有提示詞[命題角度]動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換副詞形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)名詞、代詞的數(shù)和格詞匯派生考查動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式。考查動(dòng)詞的-ing，-ed形式和不定式形式?？疾樾稳菰~后加-ly或-ily變?yōu)楦痹~?？疾樾稳菰~、副詞變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)的基本構(gòu)成形式?？疾閱螖?shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)名詞的基本構(gòu)成形式?？疾榧忧熬Y或后綴轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的派生詞。[考題感悟]1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.careful[考查派生詞。be后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填careful。]2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.introduction[考查派生詞。冠詞后表示“介紹”應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填introduction。]3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.invitations[考查名詞的數(shù)。several幾個(gè)，其后的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填invitations。]4．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.areremoved[考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)fatandsalt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填areremoved。]5．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term(rest)．resting[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，為固定搭配，故填resting。]6．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.worse[考查比較等級(jí)。even后應(yīng)跟比較級(jí)，表示程度的加深，故填worse。]7．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.fairly[考查派生詞。修飾形容詞unpleasant應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填fairly。]8．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.toprocesssb./sth.詞。requiresb./sth.todosth.需要某人/物做某事，此處用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故填toprocess。]9．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.is[考查主謂一致。本句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow，是單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。]【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：】10．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenI(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.arrived[考查時(shí)態(tài)。由主句中的wasraining可知，這里使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。]11．(2017·日照市一模)Everycountryhas(it)ownbanknotes,soitishardtosaywhichisthemostbeautifulone.its[考查代詞的格。代詞修飾其后的名詞應(yīng)用所有格形式，故填its。]12．(2017·南昌市三校聯(lián)考)Hehadakeeninterestinsolvingproblems(meet)ineverydaylife.met[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處met為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾problems，由于problems與meet為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。]13．(2017·衡陽(yáng)市模擬)Thefestivalisoneofthefour(large)iceandsnowfestivalsintheworld!largest[考查比較等級(jí)。此處表示四個(gè)最大的冰雪節(jié)之一，故填largest。]14．(2017·佛山一中模擬)FinallyIrefusedtoattendclasses，(shut)myselfinmyroomforhours.shutting[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處逗號(hào)后應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故填shutting。]15．(2017·太原五中檢測(cè))Ifyouhavetime,youshouldwitnessthetrue(beautiful)oftheChina'slandmark.beauty[考查派生詞。形容詞true修飾名詞，表示“真正的美”，故填beauty。]16．(2017·濰坊實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Itisverydifficultforparentstodecidewhether(have)asecondchildornot.tohave[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。decide后用“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作賓語(yǔ)，故填tohave。]17．(2017·成都市模擬)Allinall,everystudentshouldbehave(he)andkeepawayfromviolence.himself[考查代詞。behaveoneself為固定搭配，表示“舉止規(guī)范”，故填himself。]18．(2017·湖南師大附中模擬)Long(consider)amasterpieceofChineseliterature,thenovelisgenerallyacknowledgedtobethepeakofChinesefiction.considered[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后為句子的主體，逗號(hào)前應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，consider與thenovel為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。]【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：】19．(2017·包頭市模擬)AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI(hold)abirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.(should)hold[考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。suggest表示“建議”時(shí)后面賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形，故填(should)hold。]20．(2017·寶雞市模擬)It'snaturalthatyoungpeopleareoften(fortable)whentheyarewiththeirparents.unfortable[考查派生詞。根據(jù)句意，年輕人在父母面前應(yīng)該是有所拘束，故此處加否定前綴表示“不舒服的”。][技法點(diǎn)撥]技法1當(dāng)提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若句子沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所填之詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。(2017·本溪市模擬)Mostplayersaretraded(trade)toanotherteamatleastthreetimesintheircareers.(2017·赤峰市模擬)Hewrote(write)thispostcardandsentittohislovelysisterNellinJanuary1916.技法2當(dāng)提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要確定是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，-ed形式，還是不定式形式。(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用不定式的一般式，可位于句首或句尾。(2017·邯鄲市模擬)Toovere(overe)theseshortings,BiShenginventedthemovabletypeduringtheyearsbetween1041and1048.(2017·綿陽(yáng)市模擬)Today,manyscientistsgotheretostudy(study)itsresourcesandworktogetherforprogressandpeace.(2)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)一般用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。(2017·南昌市模擬)Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren，giving(give)upitsdecades-longone-childpolicy.(3)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)一般用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。(2017·煙臺(tái)市模擬)Meanwhile,themediaplaysamajorroleincreating(create)ahigherlevelofawarenessaboutblooddonation.(2017·馬鞍山二中模擬)Buteverydriverwhostoppedtoexaminethenotedroveoffwithoutsaying(say)aword.(4)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“令人……的”用動(dòng)詞-ing形式；表示“(感到)……的”用過(guò)去分詞。(2017·日照市校際聯(lián)合檢測(cè))TheteacultureofChinaisamazing(amaze)andhasalonghistory.(2017·長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校模擬)Manystudentsmayfeelstressed(stress)becauseoftheirparents.(2017·汕頭市模擬)Igavehimaquickhugandwentbackintotheseatingarea,leavinghimwithasurprised(surprise)smile.技法3當(dāng)空格后所給的提示詞是名詞，并且作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？疾槠鋸?fù)數(shù)形式。(2017·漳州市八校聯(lián)考)Chances(chance)arethatyouwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.(2017·南昌市三校聯(lián)考)Asateenhelefthisfamily'sfarminsearchofbetteropportunities(opportunity)．技法4當(dāng)空格后所給的提示詞為動(dòng)詞，并且所填的詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？疾閯?dòng)詞所派生出的名詞。(2017·廈門一中模擬)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseofachievement(achieve)．(2017·昆明市第一中學(xué)模擬)Onlyinthiswaycantheywinthefavorsandprotection(protect)fromtheirancestorsandtheGod.技法5當(dāng)空格后所給的提示詞是形容詞，并且所填的詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，通?？疾樵撔稳菰~派生出的副詞。(2017·濟(jì)南一中模擬)Crimesgouprapidly(rapid)duringthewinterandsummerholidayseasons.(2017·南昌二中模擬)Hiswordstouchedme,andIsuddenly(sudden)realizedthatfamily