絕密★啟用前2023年高考英語(yǔ)考前信息必刷卷03上海專用上海高考英語(yǔ)試卷堅(jiān)持以英語(yǔ)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)為導(dǎo)向，全面測(cè)量考生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，突出思辨能力和學(xué)習(xí)能力的考查。試題所選取的語(yǔ)料真實(shí)鮮活，話題多樣，體裁豐富；試卷結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，難易度適中，區(qū)分度理想，測(cè)試任務(wù)不乏新意。2022年7月上海高考英語(yǔ)試題鮮活新穎、彰顯能力，以現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中緩解交通對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞為內(nèi)容的閱讀語(yǔ)篇，要求考生理解語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容并推斷作者寫(xiě)作意圖及概括主要觀點(diǎn)，全面考查考生閱讀能力及思辨能力；以分析飛機(jī)上的食物難吃的原因?yàn)閮?nèi)容的閱讀語(yǔ)篇，要求考生具備在跨學(xué)科情景下遷移并運(yùn)用新知識(shí)開(kāi)展探究性學(xué)習(xí)的能力。（考試時(shí)間：150分鐘試卷滿分：140分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前填寫(xiě)好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息2.請(qǐng)將答案正確填寫(xiě)在答題卡上I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（10分）Directions:A．2hours. B．2hours10minutes.C．2hours20minutes. D．2hours25minutes.2．A．Themanwasseriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.B．Themanhadpoorimaginationbecauseofthecaraccident.C．Themanwasn’twearingtheseatbeltwhentheaccidenthappened.D．Theman’sdaughteradvisedhimtoweartheseatbeltbeforehelefthome.3．A．Thewomanlikesthisapartment.B．Thecouplehaslimitedbudgettobuyanapartment.C．Theapartmentwithoutbalconyisthebestchoiceforthecouple.D．Theapartmentwithabalconyfacingnorthwouldbehotinthesummer.4．A．Sheenjoystravelingthissummervacation.B．ShehadanunpleasantexperienceinSydney.C．Sheisconsideringwhethertotravelabroad.D．Shespeakshighlyofherexperiencelastyear.5．A．Shewillprobablygotoseeadoctorrightaway.B．Shehasrefusedtotakemedicineforherthroat.C．She’dbetteravoidspeakingeveninalowvoice.D．Shecan’tmakeherselfunderstoodwhenwhispering.6．A．Waittilltheendoftheyear.B．Walktohisworkplace.C．Takepublictransportation.D．Buythecarrightnow.7．A．ThewomanneverspokeEnglishwheninLondon.B．ThewomanshouldhavemovedtoLondonearlier.C．Onecanimproveone’sEnglishquicklyiflivingamongnativespeakers.D．NativespeakersindifferentareasspeakEnglishwithdifferentaccents.8．A．She’sunwillingtodoitB．Sheisafraidofdonatingblood.C．She’sreadytodonateblood.D．Donatingbloodisnoneofherbusiness.9．A．Shedoesn’tlikethepainting. B．Shehasn’tvisitedtheman’soffice.C．She’llhangthepaintingonthewall. D．Shedoesn’tknowwheretoputthepainting.10．A．Sheissorryaboutwhatshedid.B．Shethinksheshouldwashhisshoeshimself.C．Shethinkshissonisquitelazy.D．Shewondersifhewillgotoschool.SectionB（15分）Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11．A．13. B．31. C．113. D．131.12．A．Morewomenwillwinawardsthanmeninthefuture.B．BettozziisthefirstwomantowintheNobelChemistryPrize.C．InequalityintheNobelPrizeselectionprocessisdecreasing.D．TwoDanishscientistshavewontheNobelPrizeforChemistry.13．A．Nobel’slifestory. B．ThreeNobelChemistryPrizewinners.C．TheNobelChemistryPrize. D．ThevotingprocessfortheNobelPrize.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14．A．TheyfeatureinBritishruralculturallife.B．Theyareresponsibleforthetrafficaroundschools.C．Theyhelppupilscrossstreetsintheneighbourhood.D．Theyaredressedinredwithlargeyellowsticksonhead.15．A．Shewassuspectedoftheft. B．Shecouldnotfindherwayhome.C．Shewasmentallydisabled. D．Shewouldbetakentocourtfortrial.16．A．WhyLindawasremovedfromherduty.B．HowMichaelhelpedasickstranger.C．WhatMichaelneededtomakepublic.D．WhereLindawasfoundintrouble.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17．A．Judgingdirectionanddistance. B．Usingthenavigationapp.C．Workinginallweathers. D．Lackoftaxidrivingexperience.18．A．Seeingdifferentbeautifulbuildingsoutdoors. B．Takinglongdrivesoutsidethecity.C．Beingoutdoorsandseeingthecitychange. D．Drivingindifferentweatherconditions.19．A．Drivingonherown. B．Takingatrain.C．Bookingairlinetickets. D．Beingdrivenbyothers.20．A．Sheisnotsatisfiedwithherpresentjob.B．Shehastendaysofannualleaveswithpaynow.C．Shehasbeendrivingataxifor20years.D．Shemaychangeherjobinthefuture.II.Grammarandvocabulary(共20題，每小題1分，滿分20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.“Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon’tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,”saysDanAriely,behaviouralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Lyingisevenconsidered____21____developmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,withsophisticatedplanningandattention____22____(require).But,formostpeople,lyinggetsincreasinglylimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.AccordingtoAriely,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hehavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainswhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantly.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(顱腔壁的)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedincomplexthinking.Itsuggestedthattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonesty,andafterthinkingaboutit,____23____(choose)thelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural(神經(jīng)的)rewardcenterswere____24____(active)whentheywonmoneywerelesslikelytobeamongthegroupofliars,andtheoppositewasseenamongthoseso-calledhabitualliars,suggestingthatlying____25____havetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Externalconditionsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweseeothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwethinkothersarewatching.“We____26____asocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedon’tpunishlying,weincreasetheprobabilityof____27____happeningagain,influencingallofus,”Arielysaid.Ina2016study,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeople’sbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopletoldalie,thescientistsnoticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala,acrucialpartofthebrainthatproducesfearandguilt.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjects____28____(play)agameinwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantodecrease.“Notonlythat,”saidArielyinaninterviewwithNationalScienceChannel,“____29____peopletendedtoliemorewhentheyfacednoconsequencesfordishonesty.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelies,____30____getbiggerovertime.”SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.implications

B．piece

C．survival

D．revolutionE.varying

F.climatic

G.stretching

H.delicately

I.migrate

J.merely

K.shifts

ClimateChangeWhenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itcameaggressively.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly40feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopleto_____31_____inland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshiftedgreatlyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforanew_____32_____strategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.AsenvironmentalistsmeetinRiodeJaneirothisweektothinkcarefullyabouttheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemiddleofa(n)_____33_____inunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepastandhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebegunto_____34_____togetheraninspiringpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcestochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiod_____35_____backhundredsofmillionsofyears.Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethatthe_____36_____changeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimate_____37_____playedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeen_____38_____touchedbyglobalclimatechange.Somescientistsargueithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.Thenewresearchhasfar-reaching_____39_____fortheenvironmentsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thepleasantglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000yearsisamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidely_____40_____climateovertheages.Infeet,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefutureevenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.IIIReadingComprehension(滿分45分)SectionA(共15題，每小題1分，滿分15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,astheoldsayinggoes,try,tryagain.Goodadvice,uptoapoint.Butletmeoffera____41____:evenwhenyoudosucceed,try,tryagain.Temptingasitistodeclarevictoryandmoveon,inmanyendeavorsthereismuchtobesaidforrethinkinganapparentlysatisfactoryformula.ConsidertheadviceforjobinterviewsinTalent,anewbookbyeconomistTylerCowenandventurecapitalistDanielGross.Theysuggestaskinga(n)____42____question,suchas“givemeanexampleofwhenyouresolvedadifficultchallengeatwork.”Thenaskforanotherexample.Andanother.Thepatanswerswillbe____43____quickly,andthecandidatewillhavetostartimprovising,diggingdeep—orperhapsadmittobeingstumped.Indeed,onewaytodescribethistacticisthattheinterviewerisaskingforanswersin____44____ratherthanforanswersinseries.Insteadofstringingtogetheralogicalsequenceof17questions,theinterviewerisaskingfor17differentanswerstothesamequestion.Whilethatapproachis____45____injobinterviews,itiscommonpracticeamongdesigners.Theyoftenproduceseveral____46____attemptstomeetagivenbrief,ratherthanimmediatelyfocusingonwhatseemstobethebestidea.Indoingso,thedesignersforcethemselvesto____47____thefullrangeofpossibilities,toavoidtheriskofcommittingtooearlytoaconceptthatseemsattractivebutmay____48____beadeadend.AstrikingexampleofparalleldesignisthecreationoftheWindows95startupsound.Microsoftwaslookingforanopportunityto____49____theaudiocapabilitiesofthecomputersoftheday,soitiscommissionedthefamedmusicproducerBrianEnotodoso.Enorecallsreceivingabrief,askingformusicthatwas“inspirational,sexy,driving,provocative,nostalgic...therewereabout150_____50_____.Andthenatthebottomitsaid,‘a(chǎn)ndnotmorethan3.8secondslong’”.Enodescribeshimselfasbeing“completelybereftofideas”atthetime.Hefoundthebriefbothhilariousandinspiring.Intheendhe_____51_____morethan80tinypiecesofmusic.ThefinalresultwasamusicalsignaturethathasstoodthetestoftimeandwasonethathelpedtocreativelyliberateEno.“Itreally_____52_____alogjaminmyownwork,”hetoldTheSanFranciscoChronicle.BillBurnettandDaveEvans,intheirdelightfulbookDesigningYourLife,suggestanexerciseinwhichyousketchoutavisionforthenextfiveyearsofyourlife.Whatwillyoubedoing?Wherewillyouliveandwithwhom?Areyouhopingtorunamarathon?Startabusiness?Writeanovel?Thisisoftenastraightforwardactof_____53_____,butwhatmakestheexerciseexcruciatingiswhatcomesnext:BurnettandEvansaskyoutodoitagain,onlythistime,you’retowriteanentirelydifferentprojection—theideaattheheartoftheplanisonethatiscompletelyforbidden:Forcingyourselftogobacktothe_____54_____board,notonlyasecond,butathirdtime.I’vetriedthismyselfandseenotherstryit.Peoplesquirm.Theyprotest.Sometimestheycry.Andthen,soonerorlater,theideasstartpouringout.Weallcontain_____55_____.Butwedon’talwaysletthemseethelightofday.Perhapsweshouldtryproducinganswersinparallelmoreoften.Evenwhenyoudosucceed,try,tryagain.41．A．suggestion B．promotion C．recommendation D．modification42．A．routine B．a(chǎn)cademic C．personal D．controversial43．A．presented B．exhausted C．challenged D．a(chǎn)ccepted44．A．style B．parallel C．detail D．privacy45．A．fundamental B．flexible C．unconventional D．practical46．A．distinct B．determined C．deliberate D．vain47．A．dismiss B．restrict C．explore D．overlook48．A．inevitably B．a(chǎn)ccidentally C．theoretically D．eventually49．A．scaleup B．figureout C．experimenton D．showoff50．A．a(chǎn)djectives B．statements C．variables D．copyrights51．A．purchased B．composed C．performed D．a(chǎn)ppreciated52．A．exhibited B．created C．broke D．underestimated53．A．a(chǎn)ggressiveness B．imagination C．wisdom D．will54．A．dart B．score C．drawing D．notice55．A．emotions B．a(chǎn)mbitions C．desires D．multitudesSectionB(共11題，每小題2分，滿分22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AGiftsinWillscouldbethekeytoprotectingthefutureofhumanhealthOurexperienceofCOVID-19showshowsuddenlyaglobalhealthchallengecanappear.Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenobodycanpredictwhatwewillfacenext,wecanbecertainthatthefuturewillbringmanymorethreatstohumanhealth.AsChairoftheMedicalResearchFoundation-thecharitablearmoftheMedicalResearchCouncil-IhaveseentheincredibleimpactthatindividualswhoremembertheFoundationintheirWillscanhaveonthefutureofourhealthandwellbeinghereintheUK.Thesegiftsfundresearchandresearcherswhichcanhavefar-reachingimplicationsforhumanhealth.WithagiftinyourWillyoucanplayakeyroleinprovidingthesciencethatwillprotectthehealthoffuturegenerations.Rightnow,theFoundationisfundingresearchtotackleantimicrobialresistance,andinvestinginresearcherslikeDrMyrsiniKaforou—whowillmakethefightagainstantimicrobialresistanceherlife’swork.Withoutsupportatthecrucialearlystages,researcherslikeDrKaforoucanbeforcedtoabandontheirpassionandleavesciencealtogether,withanimmeasurablelosstofuturehumanhealth.GiftsinWillsprovidethelongtermfundingandsecuritythatallowstheFoundationtoinvestinprojectslikeDrKaforou’sandlaythefoundationsforqualityresearchinyearstocome.YourWillcanfundtherationalresponsetohealthchallengesthatmedicalscienceprovides.“Asscientists,ourdutyistosecurethefutureofresearchforthegenerationsthatfollow.”P(pán)rofessorFionaWatt,PresidentoftheMedicalResearchFoundationandExecutiveChairoftheMedicalResearchCouncil.Whilewedon’tknowwhatthefutureholdsforhumanhealthintheUK,wedoknowthatresearch,andthebrilliantscientistsdrivingthatresearchforward,arethekeytomeetingthosechallengesforyearstocome.Butmanyofthesescientistsrelyonthegenerosityandforesightoffellowmembersofthepublic-peoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscienceandarewillingtoleaveagifttomedicalresearchintheirWills.AttheMedicalResearchFoundation,over90%ofourvoluntaryincomecomesfromindividualswhochoosetoincludeagiftintheirWill-theyarecrucialintheFoundation’sabilitytofundresearchthatwillenablethenextgenerationofscientiststomakerealworlddiscoveriesinthefuture.AgiftinyourWilltotheMedicalResearchFoundationisanexcellentinvestmentandwillhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureofhumanhealthintheUK.TherequestyourfreeguidetogiftsinWillsfillinthisformandreturntoFreepost,MEDICALRESEARCHFOUNDATION.Youdon’tneedastampORvisit.uk/support-us/willsNameAddresspostcodeEmailaddressWewouldliketocontactyoufromtimetotimewithourlatestnews.Pleasetickhereifyouarehappyforustocontactyouviaemail.TheMedicalResearchFoundationdoesnotshareyourpersonalinformation.Youcanunsubscribeatanytime.MedicalResearchFoundationisacharityregisteredinEnglandandWales(Reg.CharityNo.1138223).56．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMedicalResearchFoundation?A．ItisaUK-basedmedicalcenterforrarediseases.B．Itisbreakinggroundintacklingantimicrobialresistance.C．Itisfamousfortrainingnextgenerationsofscientists.D．ItisasectionoftheMedicalResearchCouncil.57．IfJennywouldliketobekeptinformedoftheworkoftheMedicalResearchFoundationviaemail,sheshould.A．fillintheformatthebottom B．scantheQRcodeontherightC．clicktheprovidedwebsitelink D．sendanemailtothefoundation58．Thewholepageisdevotedto.A．a(chǎn)dvocatingonecharitableagency B．introducingsomebrilliantscientistsC．launchinganappealfordonations D．raisingawarenessofglobalhealthchallengesBEveryyearmillionsofbreedingmonarchbutterfliesintheU.S.andsouthernCanadasearchformilkweedplantsonwhichtolaytheireggs.Concernovershrinkinghabitat（居住地）hasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarch-friendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenoughwithinthebutterfliesrangeandusuallypubliclyowned.Buttrafficnoisestressesmonarchcaterpillarsout,anewstudyfinds.Theyeventuallydobecomedesensitizedtoit—butthatmightcausetroubletothemlateron,too.Noisepollutionisknowntoaffectthelivesofbirds,whalesandothercreatures.Butuntilrecently,scientistshadnevertestedwhetheritleadstoastressresponseininsects.WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlytremblingascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltacustomcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintoamicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars’heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.Theheartsofcaterpillarsexposedtohighwaynoisefortwohoursbeat17percentfasterthanthoseofcaterpillarsinasilentroom.Buttheheartratesofthenoise-exposedgroupreturnedtobaselinelevelsafterhearingthetrafficsoundsnonstopfortheirentire12-daydevelopmentperiod,DavisandhiscolleaguesreportedinMayinBiologyLetters.Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbecomeadults,Davissays.Arapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwo-monthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredators（捕食者）andfightwindcurrents.Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs’survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies’deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.”Thereissomuchpotentialroadhabitatformonarchsandotherinsects一itwouldbesuchanicethingtocapitalizeon,”Norrissays.?“Butyoujustcan’tgetaroundthetraffic.”Davisadds:”Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon’tmix.”59．By?“Theyeventuallydobecomedesensitizedtoit”,thewritermeansthat.A．monarchcaterpillarsreactlessstronglytonoiseB．monarchcaterpillarsarestressedoutbyroadnoiseC．conservationistsareworriedaboutbutterflieshabitatD．conservationistsnolongercreatemonarch-friendlyspaces60．WhatinspiredAndyDavistoexploretheeffectofnoiseonmonarchcaterpillars?A．Therehadbeenlittleresearchonmonarchcaterpillars.B．Videosshowedcarscrashedintomonarchcaterpillars.C．Therewasnosuchrecordofmonarchcaterpillars’heartrates.D．Hefoundthatmonarchcaterpillarsshookwithcarsmovingby.61．AccordingtoAndyDavis,howwillexposuretonoiseinfluencemonarchbutterflies?A．Theyarelikelytoneedmoretimetodevelop.B．Theyarelikelytolosetheirwayontheirjourney.C．Theyaremorelikelytobekilledintheirmigration.D．Theyaremorelikelytodiebeforetheybecomeadults.62．WhatisRyanNorrismostlikelytoagreewith?A．Monarchs5survivalratesaredecreasingeachyear.B．Itisnotrecommendedthatroadsidehabitatbebuiltforinsects.C．Morecapitalisneededtostudymonarchs?developmentalperiod.D．Butterflies’risingdeathrateshavenothingtodowithmovingcars.CBuildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,andschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(擁堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.63．Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare______.A．notwidelysupported B．costlytocarryoutC．generallyrecognized D．temporarilybeneficial64．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordriversisreduced?A．Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.B．Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.C．Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.D．Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.65．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?A．Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.B．Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.C．Theywilldefinitelyarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.66．Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______.A．supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.B．opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C．provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D．indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.SectionC(共4題，每小題2分，滿分8分)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.WhyDoesFoodTasteBadonAirplanes?Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingbland(淡而無(wú)味)andtasteless?Howmanytimeshaveyoustoppedfromorderinganyfoodatallduringaflightbecausewefinditunappetizing?Sadly,wemighthavejustbeenproventosimplybetoocritical.Accordingtopopularlyacceptedstudies,thereasonforthe‘badfood’mightjustbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.TheFraunhoferInstitute,aresearchorganizationbasedinGermany,conductedastudyonwhyadishthatwouldbeperfectlyacceptableinafinediningrestaurantwouldseemblandwhileintheair.___67___Whatishappening,then?Tomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside.Thisinvolveschangingthecompositionofairthatwebreathe.Theairinsideairplanecabinsis15percentdrierthantheairwebreathewhenwe’reontheground.___68___Scentactuallystartstodeterioratethemomentyousteponaplane.Thesituationworsensoncetheairplanebeginstoclimb,whichmakespassengersmoredehydrated(脫水)anddry-mouthed.Noonecandenythataglassoflemonadegoesgreatwithamealonasunnyday,butitfeelsmoreacidicwhenyoutakeasiptenkilometersabovetheground.Althoughthecabinispressurizedtomimictheairpressureyouwouldfeelontheground,it’sstilllessthanthepressurewewouldnormallyexperienceatsealevel.Inthissituation,ourbodilyfluids(體液)willmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities(鼻腔)swell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteu