2024新譯林版英語七年級上冊Unit5Ahealthylifestyle預(yù)習(xí)講義（可數(shù)名詞）一、可數(shù)名詞知識梳理（一）定義可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，可以分成個(gè)體的人或東西，因此它有復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它的復(fù)數(shù)形式在句子中作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（二）復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則1.一般情況：在名詞詞尾直接加s。例如：bookbooks（書）penpens（鋼筆）boyboys（男孩）2.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾：在詞尾加es。例如：busbuses（公共汽車）boxboxes（盒子）watchwatches（手表）dishdishes（盤子）3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾：先將y改為i，再加es。例如：citycities（城市）familyfamilies（家庭）storystories（故事）3.以o結(jié)尾：通常有生命的加es，無生命的加s。例如：有生命：potatopotatoes（土豆）tomatotomatoes（西紅柿）無生命：pianopianos（鋼琴）radioradios（收音機(jī)）4.以f或fe結(jié)尾：要將f或fe改為v，再加es。例如：halfhalves（一半）leafleaves（樹葉）knifeknives（刀）（三）不規(guī)則變化1.特殊單詞變化：manmen（男人）womanwomen（女人）footfeet（腳）toothteeth（牙齒）childchildren（孩子）2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheepsheep（綿羊）deerdeer（鹿）ChineseChinese（中國人）JapaneseJapanese（日本人）（四）用法注意1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式前常用不定冠詞a/an，表示“一個(gè)”。當(dāng)它的單數(shù)形式在句子中作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Thereisanappleonthetable.（桌上有個(gè)蘋果。）Adogisrunning.（一只狗在跑。）2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式在句子中作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Thebooksareinteresting.（這些書很有趣。）知識演練場（一）寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式（20個(gè)）1.apple________2.orange2.orange________3.box________4.bus________5.watch________6.family________7.city________8.potato________9.tomato________10.photo________11.knife________12.leaf________13.child________14.man________15.woman________16.sheep________17.deer________18.boy________19.day________20.key________（二）詞匯運(yùn)用（結(jié)合語境考查詞形變化與拼寫）（20道）Therearemany________(child)playinginthepark.These________(box)areveryheavy.The________(knife)onthetableareverysharp.Mytwo________(foot)hurtafteralongwalk.The________(man)overtherearemyuncles.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthefarm?Therearesome_______(tomato)and_______(potato)inthebasket.Ihavetwonew________(watch).Oneisforme,andtheotherisformybrother.The________(family)inthisneighborhoodareallveryfriendly.These________(photo)weretakenduringmytriptoBeijing.Therearealotof________(book)inthelibrary.The________(boy)inourclasslikeplayingfootball.Isawsome________(deer)intheforestyesterday.The________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellowinautumn.Weneedtobuysome________(dish)forthenewhouse.The________(woman)doctorsareverykindtothepatients.Therearemany________(city)inChina.Ilikeeating________(strawberry).Howmany________(piano)arethereinthemusicroom?Thelittle________(child)iscryingbecausehecan'tfindhismother.（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換（10個(gè)）Thisisatomato.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）2.Thatisanorange.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）3.Thereisaboxonthedesk.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）4.Hehasanewwatch.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）5.Themanisateacher.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）6.Theseareknives.（改為單數(shù)句）7.Thosearechildren.（改為單數(shù)句）8.Theyarewomendoctors.（改為單數(shù)句）9.Therearesomeapplesonthetree.（改為單數(shù)句）10.Theboysareplayingbasketball.（對劃線部分提問）（四）單選（10道）1.Therearetwo________intheroom.A.boxB.boxesC.boxsD.boxse2.Howmany________doyouhave?Ihavethree.A.watchB.watchesC.watchsD.watchse3.These________arefromAmerica.A.manB.mansC.menD.mens4.Therearemany________inthezoo.A.deerB.deersC.deeresD.deer's5.The________onthetablearedelicious.A.tomatoB.tomatosC.tomatoesD.tomato's6.Whatarethose?Theyare________.A.photoB.photosC.photoesD.photo's7.Therearefive________intheclassroom.A.childB.childsC.childrenD.childrens8.Ineedsome________tocutthepaper.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.knife's9.These________areverybeautiful.A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leaf's10.The________areflyingkitesinthepark.A.boyB.boysC.boiesD.boy's（五）翻譯句子（10道）1.桌子上有兩個(gè)蘋果。2.那些是西紅柿嗎？3.我有很多書。4.孩子們正在操場上玩。5.教室里有一些盒子。6.那些女士是一名醫(yī)生。7.這些刀很鋒利。8.樹上有很多葉子。9.農(nóng)場里有五只綿羊。10.你有多少支鋼筆？（六）短文填空（考查語法在語篇中的應(yīng)用）MynameisTom.Ihaveahappyfamily.Therearefour1.________(people)inmyfamily,myfather,mymother,mysisterandI.Myfatherisa2.________(work).Heworksinafactory.Mymotherisa3.________(teach).SheteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.MysisterandIarestudents.Weareinthesameschool,butindifferent4.________(class).Thereisasmallgardeninfrontofourhouse.Therearemanybeautiful5.________(flower)init.Inspring,the6.________(flower)eoutandthegardenlooksverynice.MysisterandIoftenplaygamesinthegardenafterschool.Onweekends,myfamilyoftengotothepark.Wetakesome7.________(sandwich)anddrinkswithus.Wehaveapicnicthere.Weallenjoy8.________(we)verymuch.Ilovemyfamilyandour9.________(life).Wealwayshelpeachotherandhaveagoodtimetogether.Ihopewecanbehappy10.________(forever).答案（一）寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式答案applesorangesboxesbuseswatchesfamiliescitiespotatoestomatoesphotosknivesleaveschildrenmenwomensheepdeerboysdayskeys（二）詞匯運(yùn)用答案childrenboxesknivesfeetmensheeptomatoes;potatoeswatchesfamiliesphotosbooksboysdeerleavesdisheswomencitiesstrawberriespianoschild（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換答案Thesearetomatoes.Thoseareoranges.Therearesomeboxesonthedesk.Theyhavenewwatches.Themenareteachers.Thisisaknife.Thatisachild.Sheisawomandoctor.Thereisanappleonthetree.Whataretheboysdoing?（四）單選答案15BBCAC610BCCCB（五）翻譯句子答案Therearetwoapplesonthetable.Arethosetomatoes?Ihavemanybooks.Thechildrenareplayingont