1.動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:be+過去分詞,口語中也用“get/become+過去分詞”表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài);強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略)?，F(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone——完成式has/havebeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneNowadays,thereisasharpincreaseinchildren’screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.如今,孩子們在創(chuàng)造力上有極大的提高,因為他們被大力鼓勵去發(fā)展自己的才能。Theplanshouldbecarriedoutassoonaspossible.這項計劃應該盡快被執(zhí)行。2.不能用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況規(guī)則1所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)。規(guī)則2表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。規(guī)則3表示歸屬的動詞或動詞詞組,如:have,own,belongto等。規(guī)則4表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動詞,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。規(guī)則5賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài)。規(guī)則6賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等,謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。[溫馨提示]主動形式表被動含義:(1)當feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作為不及物動詞,表示主語(通常為物)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時;當動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意思時。(2)當happen,occur,breakout,takeplace,comeabout,workout等動詞(短語)表示“發(fā)生、制定”等意思時。(3)want,require,need后面的動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義。(4)beworthdoing用主動形式表示被動含義。(5)在“be+形容詞+todo”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動形式表示被動含義。【小試牛刀】1.TheGPNP(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity.”.

2.Mary’sniecewrote,“Thelittlehome(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.”

3.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramme(call)oneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogrammeseverinitiated.

4.Apaper-cuttingexhibition(hold)tomorrowmorning,whichaimstopromotetraditionalChineseculture.

Ⅰ.單句填空1.Itwasthefirsttimethathe(visit)Xinjiangandhewasamazedbythebreathtakingscenery.

2.I(buy)anewalarmclocktheotherdayatTaylor’swhenIheardsomeonesingingafamiliarsong.

3.ConfuciusishonouredforsettingthetoneformuchoftraditionalChinesemusicforthousandsofyears,who(think)tobeagreateducator.

4.Pahlssonandherhusband(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.

5.Inthepastdecades,somenumberplates(become)extremelyvaluable,particularlythosethatspelloutwords.

6.Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

7.Shehurriedlyranhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseewhethershe(follow).

8.TheXi’anCityWall(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.

9.Evidenceofapowerfulvolcano,whicheruptedundertheicesheetofWestAntarcticaaround325BCandmightstillbeactivenow,

(confirm)sofarbyBritishscientists.

10.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow(repay)laterinlife.

Ⅱ語法填空Despiteitsrapidindustrialization,therearestillsomecornersinChinathathavemaintaineditsoriginalcolour.AncienttownsandvillagesinChinaareplaces1.traditionsarewellpreservedintermsofarchitecture,lifestyleandfolkcustoms.AllofthesecanbefoundinHuangyaoAncientTown,oneofthemost-visitedtourist2.(spot)inGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.

3.(cover)anareaof3.6squarekilometres,Huangyaohasahistoryofnearly1,000years4.itsoriginsdatingbacktotheSongDynasty.People5.(carry)ontraditionalfestivalsandcustomshereforhundredsofyearsuptonow.DuringChineseLunarNewYear,over20traditionalperformances6.(hold),includingthedragondanceandsuonahornshow.OnJuly14intheChineselunarcalendar,residentsoftencometotheriverbankandputlanternsintotheriver7.(celebrate)ZhongyuanJie,theHungryGhostFestival.

Blacksoybeanisoftenaddedtoitslocalfoodtocreatean8.(extreme)distinctiveflavour.Whenyouvisitthetown,Huangyaotofuis9.must-trylocaldishasitissoldonlyinthistown.

Itusuallytakesadayortwototouraroundtheoldtownduetoitssmallsize,butyoucanalwaysstay10.(long)toexperiencemoreofitslocalhospitalityandculture.

1.isdesigned考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語,和句子的主語theGPNP之間為被動關(guān)系;敘述客觀事實,應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設空處應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),且主語為單數(shù)。故填isdesigned。2.waspainted考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。句中的主語是thelittlehome,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,同時結(jié)合語境“家被漆成了白色”可知,主語和謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。再結(jié)合下文“Itwassweetandfresh.”可知,時態(tài)為一般過去時,故填waspainted。3.hasbeencalled考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:難怪聯(lián)邦鴨票計劃被稱為有史以來最成功的保護計劃之一。根據(jù)everinitiated可知空處時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時,且theFederalDuckStampProgramme與call之間為被動關(guān)系,故填hasbeencalled。4.willbeheld考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由時間狀語tomorrowmorning可知時態(tài)用一般將來時,apaper-cuttingexhibition與hold構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,故填willbeheld。Ⅰ.1.hadvisited考查動詞時態(tài)。此處為句型“Itwasthefirsttime+that從句.”,表示“第一次……”,從句要用過去完成時。故填hadvisited。2.wasbuying考查動詞時態(tài)。此處為句型“sbbedoingsthwhen…”表示“某人正在……這時……”。根據(jù)后文whenIheard可知,應用過去進行時。故填wasbuying。3.isthought考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。該句表示孔子現(xiàn)在被認為是一位偉大的教育家,由此可知此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。4.searched考查動詞時態(tài)。but后面的turnedup是與空處并列的謂語動詞,故空處也要用一般過去時。5.havebecome考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。inthepastdecades為時間狀語,一般與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,主語somenumberplates是復數(shù),故謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。故填havebecome。6.isbeingrepaired考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處表示“洗衣機正在被修理”,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。7.wasbeingfollowed考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。整個句子描述的是過去發(fā)生的事,且此處表示過去某一時刻正在做的事,應用過去進行時,主語she和follow之間是被動關(guān)系,表示“她正在被跟蹤”,應用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasbeingfollowed。8.wasbuilt考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語intheTangDynasty可知,用一般過去時。主語theXi’anCityWall與build之間為被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài)。故填wasbuilt。9.hasbeenconfirmed考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。sofar一般用于現(xiàn)在完成時,主語evidence和confirm之間是被動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),且主語為單數(shù)。故填hasbeenconfirmed。10.willberepaid考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語laterinlife可知,應用一般將來時,主語thehardwork與repay為被動關(guān)系,故用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填willberepaid。Ⅱ.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了黃姚古鎮(zhèn),古鎮(zhèn)有悠久的歷史,傳統(tǒng)習俗保存得很好,特色美食值得一嘗,游客可以領(lǐng)會當?shù)厝说臒崆楹偷胤轿幕?.where/whose考查定語從句。分析句子可知,空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞places,在從句中可以作地點狀語,也可以作traditions的定語,因此用關(guān)系副詞where或關(guān)系代詞whose。故填where/whose。2.spots考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的oneof可知,空處需用spot的復數(shù)形式,表示“眾多訪問量最大的旅游景點中的一個”。故填spots。3.Covering考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知,空處需用非謂語動詞作狀語,Huangyao和cover之間是主動關(guān)系,需用cover的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,且空處位于句首,covering的首字母需大寫。故填Covering。4.with考查介詞。根據(jù)句中的itsoriginsdatingbacktotheSongDynasty可知,此處為wit