2021~2022年白山市高三英語試卷考生注意：1.本試卷共150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.請(qǐng)將各題答案填寫在答題卡上。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AKnownforitsTerracottaWarriors,theancientChinesecityofXi’aninShaanxiProvinceisalsoacitywithdeliciousfood.Herearesomeofthem.YangroupaomoYangroupaomo,orpitabreadsoakedinlambsoup,isanothersignaturefoodofXian.Themainingredientinthismouth-wateringdishismuttonandpitabread.Thehardbreadistornintosmallpiecesandaddedtoabowl,thentoppedwithstewedandslicedmutton,scallion,corianderandchili,andthenthesoupispouredoverallofit.BiangbiangnoodlesBiangbiartgnoodles(stewed-porkhand-rippednoodles)arethick,fatandlong.Eachnoodleisthreefingerswide,spiralingdownintoabigbowl.Itisserveddry,withtoppingsofchiliandporkbellyinalternatinglayersoffatandleanmeat.Biangbiangnoodlesarefamousnotonlyfortheirdistinctivetaste,butalsoforthename,thecharacterofwhichissocomplicatedthatmanyChinesedon’tknowhowtowriteit.Biangreferstothesoundchefsmakewhentheypullthedoughintonoodlesandbangthemagainstthetable.DumplingAvisittoXi’anisnotcompleteunlessyoutrythedumplings.Theyaremadeindifferentshapes,colorsandflavors—sour,sweetorpeppery.Thedumplingshavedifferentfillings.Cookingmethodshavealsoexpanded,fromboilingtofrying.RougamoAncientChinesecalledit“Roujiayumozhong”,whichmeansthemeatisinsidethebun（akindofsmallbread）.Themostimportantpartof“Rougamo”isthespecialsaucemeat.Accordingtothehistoryrecord,“Rougamo”firstfoundinbookisinQinDynasty,whichwascalled“Hanmo”.“Rougamo”isnotonlyasignoftheancientcity,butalsoasignofChinesetraditionalfoods.1.Inwhichofthefollowingfoodsisbreadused?A.YangroupaomoandRougamo.B.RougamoandBiaTigbiangnoodles.C.Yangroupaomoanddumpling.D.Biangbiangnoodlesanddumpling.2.WhatdoesBiangbiangnoodlesgetthenamefrom?A.Thechefwhocreatesthem.B.Theingredientstheyinclude.C.Thesoundwhentheyaremade.D.Theplacewheretheyaremade.3.Inwhichcolumnofanewspaperisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Health, B.Culture. C.Science. D.Fashion.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾種西安的特色美食?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Yangroupaomo中第二句“Themainingredientinthismouth-wateringdishismuttonandpitabread.(這道令人垂涎的菜肴的主要原料是羊肉和皮塔餅)”和Rougamo中的第一句“AncientChinesecalledit“Roujiayumozhong”,whichmeansthemeatisinsidethebun(akindofsmallbread)(中國(guó)古代稱之為“肉夾饃”，意思是肉夾在小圓面包里)”可知，Yangroupaomo和Rougamo中都會(huì)用到餅（bread）。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Biangbiangnoodles的最后一句“Biangreferstothesoundchefsmakewhentheypullthedoughintonoodlesandbangthemagainstthetable.（Biang指的是廚師把面團(tuán)拉成面條，然后在桌子上猛撞發(fā)出的聲音)”可知，Biangbiangnoodles的名字來由是廚師制作面條時(shí)在桌子上摔打面條發(fā)出的聲音。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。本文介紹了幾種西安的特色美食，屬于地方飲食文化，所以文章可能出自報(bào)紙的文化專欄。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】BTheworldbecomesabetterplacewhenwenotonlyrecognizethateveryonehasbaddays,butwhenwealsocareenoughtoactaccordingly.Nomatterwhatkindofbadexperienceweexperience,weshouldtreatitactively.Fourth-gradeteacherRachelHarderrecognizedthis,andshefoundanamazingwaytohelpoutbothherstudentsandtheirfamilies.Afewyearsago,theKansasteacherattendedatrauma（心理創(chuàng)傷）conference.Shelearnedthatsomepolicestationspartnerwithschoolssotheycanletteachersknowwhenoneoftheirstudentshasapoliceencounter,somethingthatcouldcausethemtoneedextracareorattention.Ayearaftertheconference,Rachelhadastudentwithautism（自閉癥）whofre-quentlyhadtoughdays.Tosupportthestudent,Racheltoldhismomtosimplytexther“handlewithcare”toletherknowwhenitwasgoingtobeoneofthosedays.ThesimplemethodwassuchasuccessthatRacheldecidedtosendallherstudentshomewithanotefortheirparents.Itexplainedwhatthe“HandlewithCare”systemwasandhowtheycouldtakeadvantageofit.Innotime,parentsbegantoshowtheirappreciationforRachel’sincredibleactofkindness.ButRachel’ssympathydidn’tendwithherclass.Wordspreadoftheamazingsystem,andteachersacrossthecountrybegangivingitashotintheirownclassrooms.PrintoutscanbefoundontheSmartSchoolHousewebsite,andthefeedbackhasbeenextremelypositive!Eventhoughteacherscansometimestellwhenastudentishavingatoughdayjustbythewaythey’reacting,Rachelsaidthesesimpletextsalloweducatorstomakeminoradjustmentsinadvancethat,inturn,makethewholedaybetterforeveryone.“It’simportantformetogivekidsafewminutesofextratimeorspace,”shesaid,“andit’seasytogive.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A.Thetoughtimeinlife. B.Thebeautyofnature.C.Apositiveattitudetohardship. D.Anextremeworkingstyle.5.HowdidRachelhelpthestudentwithautism?A.Bygettingassistancefromsomepolicestations.B.Byknowinghisstateathomefromhismother.C.Bydiscussinghistraumainaconference.D.Bysupportinghimtodowhathewants.6.WhydidRachelsendnotestotheparentsofallherstudents?A.Toprovethebehaviorisefficient.B.Toexplainthekindnesstotheparents.C.Togaintheparents’sympathyforherself.D.Toshowherconcernabouteverystudent.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRachel?A.Responsibleandconsiderate. B.Energeticandgrateful.CCuriousandcourageous. D.Humorousandwarm-hearted.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。Rachel老師通過讓學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)發(fā)送短信“小心處理”給她，暗示學(xué)生在家有狀況需要呵護(hù)，提前做好幫助學(xué)生渡過難關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備，這種方式獲得家長(zhǎng)的積極反饋，并被全國(guó)各地的老師效仿?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Nomatterwhatkindofbadexperienceweexperience,weshouldtreatitactively.Fourth-gradeteacherRachelHarderrecognizedthis,andshefoundanamazingwaytohelpoutbothherstudentsandtheirfamilies.(無論我們有過什么樣的糟糕經(jīng)歷，我們都要積極面對(duì)。Rachel意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)，她找到了一個(gè)神奇的方法來幫助她的學(xué)生和他們的家庭)”可知，this指代上一句中的“指積極面對(duì)困難的態(tài)度”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Tosupportthestudent,Racheltoldhismomtosimplytexther‘handlewithcare’toletherknowwhenitwasgoingtobeoneofthosedays.(為了支持這名學(xué)生，Rachel告訴孩子的母親，當(dāng)孩子出狀況的時(shí)候。只要給她發(fā)短信‘小心處理’即可)”可知，Rachel是通過這個(gè)家有自閉癥的學(xué)生的母親了解他在家的情況來幫助這個(gè)學(xué)生。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“ThesimplemethodwassuchasuccessthatRacheldecidedtosendallherstudentshomewithanotefortheirparents.Itexplainedwhatthe‘HandlewithCare’systemwasandhowtheycouldtakeadvantageofit.Innotime,parentsbegantoshowtheirappreciationforRachel’sincredibleactofkindness.(這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法非常成功，Rachel決定讓她所有的學(xué)生回家時(shí)帶上寫給他們的父母一張便條。便條解釋了什么是‘小心處理’系統(tǒng)，以及家長(zhǎng)如何使用它。很快，父母?jìng)冮_始對(duì)Rachel令人難以置信的善舉表示感謝)”可知，Rachel這么做是因?yàn)樗P(guān)愛班里的每一個(gè)學(xué)生，想在孩子有困難的時(shí)候能家校配合，幫助他們，就像幫助那個(gè)自閉癥的孩子那樣。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Tosupportthestudent,Racheltoldhismomtosimplytexther‘handlewithcare’toletherknowwhenitwasgoingtobeoneofthosedays.(為了支持這名學(xué)生，Rachel告訴孩子的母親，當(dāng)孩子出狀況的時(shí)候。只要給她發(fā)短信‘小心處理’即可)”，根據(jù)第三段第一句“ThesimplemethodwassuchasuccessthatRacheldecidedtosendallherstudentshomewithanotefortheirparents.(這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法非常成功，Rachel決定讓她所有的學(xué)生回家時(shí)帶上寫給他們的父母一張便條)”；最后一段第一句“Eventhoughteacherscansometimestellwhenastudentishavingatoughdayjustbythewaythey’reacting,Rachelsaidthesesimpletextsalloweducatorstomakeminoradjustmentsinadvancethat,inturn,makethewholedaybetterforeveryone.(Rachel說，盡管老師有時(shí)可以通過學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)來判斷他們什么時(shí)候過得不好，但這些簡(jiǎn)單的短信可以讓老師提前做一些小小的調(diào)整，從而讓大家的一整天都過得更好)”可知可知，Rachel關(guān)心班上的每個(gè)學(xué)生，對(duì)學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)、體貼，考慮周到。故選A項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】CMorethan140signlanguagesareusedtoday,primarilybydeafcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Likespokenlanguages,eachsignlanguagehasitsowngrammar,vocabularyandotherspecialfeatures.Forexample,AmericanSignLanguageisunintelligible（無法了解的）toBritishSignlanguage.Infact,AmericanSignlanguagehasmoreincommonwithFrenchSignLanguage,largelybecauseFrencheducatorsplayedakeyroleinhelpinggetdeafschoolsfoundedintheUnitedStatesduringthe19thcentury.Therehaven’tbeenalotofcomparisonsofsignlanguages.UniversityofTexas,AustinlinguistJustinPowersandhiscolleaguesaimtoaddressthatinformationgap.Inordertostudythequestionofsignlanguageevolution,theyfirstcollectedadatabaseofmanualalphabetsfromdozensofdifferentsignlanguagesaroundtheworld.Soamanualalpha-betiskindofasubsystemwithinasignlanguagethatisusedtorepresentawrittenlanguage.Andthere’sahandshapethatcorrespondstoeachletter.Touncoverrelationshipsbetweenthealphabets%theresearchersusedthesamemethodsthatbiologistsusetofigureoutrelationshipsbetweendifferentspecies,basedontheirDNA.ThemethodsgroupedsignlanguagesinthisstudyintofivemainEuropeanlineages（譜系）.AndthosewereAustrianorigin,Britishorigin,Frenchorigin,SpanishandSwedish.PowersaysmanualalphabetsfromAustria,FranceandSpaincoulddatebacktoone-handedmanualalphabetsfrom16th-and17th-centurySpain.Buteachofthoselineagesevolvedindependentlyofeachother.ThestudyalsoconfirmedtheFrenchoriginsofAmericanSignLanguageandthoseofothercountries,includingMexico,BrazilandtheNetherlands.Surprisingly,theAustrianmanualalphabetinfluencedsignlanguagesasfarawayasRussia.Butwhilethislineagehaslargelydiedout,remainsofitliveoninIcelandicSignlanguagetoday.Powersaysfutureresearchcomparingthevocabulariesofdifferentsignlanguagescouldprovideevenmorecluesabouthowthey’vechangedovertime.Understandinghowsignlanguagesevolvewouldtellusalotaboutthewaythatlanguage,ingeneral,evolves.8.WhatcanweknowaboutAmericanSignLanguage?A.ItwascreatedbyFrencheducators.B.ItislessrelatedtoFrenchSignlanguage.C.Itwasfurtherdevelopedbeforethe19thcentury.D.IthaslittleincommonwithBritishSignLanguage.9.Whatisspecialaboutamanualalphabet?A.Everylettermeansahandgesture.B.Itisusedtoreplacethewrittenlanguage.C.Everyletteristhesameasthenormalalphabet.D.Itisusedtogetherwiththeshapeofmouth.10.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheeffectoftheAustrianmanualalphabet?A.Worrying. B.Astonishing.C.Moving. D.Disappointing.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thechangesofdifferentsignlanguages.B.Theevolutionofdifferentsignlanguages.C.Themeaningofresearchingsignlanguages.D.Thevocabularyofdifferentsignlanguages.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了不同國(guó)家手勢(shì)語的起源及演變?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Forexample,AmericanSignLanguageisunintelligibletoBritishSignlanguage.”（例如，美國(guó)手語是英國(guó)手語無法理解的。）可知，美國(guó)手勢(shì)語與英國(guó)手勢(shì)語沒有什么共同之處。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Soamanualalpha-betiskindofasubsystemwithinasignlanguagethatisusedtorepresentawrittenlanguage.Andthere’sahandshapethatcorrespondstoeachletter.”（所以手勢(shì)語字母表是手語中的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)用來表示書面語言。每個(gè)字母對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)手的形狀。）可知，手勢(shì)語字母表的特別之處在于它的每個(gè)字母都與一種手勢(shì)相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Surprisingly,theAustrianmanualalphabetinfluencedsignlanguagesasfarawayasRussia.”（令人驚訝的是，奧地利的手語字母表影響了遠(yuǎn)在俄羅斯的手語。）可知，作者認(rèn)為奧地利手勢(shì)語字母表的影響是令人吃驚的。故選B項(xiàng)。11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“futureresearch...ingeneral,evolves（未來對(duì)不同手語詞匯的比較研究可以提供更多線索，了解它們是如何隨著時(shí)間變化的。理解手語是如何進(jìn)化的可以告訴我們很多關(guān)于語言進(jìn)化的信息。）”可知，本段主要介紹了研究手勢(shì)語的意義。故選C項(xiàng)。DBy2050,ourglobalpopulationmighthavebeenbeyondninebillion,bringingwithitanexpected70%increaseinglobaldemandformeatandfish.Asaresult,thegrowingdemandforsoya-basedfarmfeedisdrivingmassivedestructionofforestsatanalarmingrate,andseaanimalpopulationshavehalvedinthelastfourdecadesduetowidespreadoverfishing.With10millionpoundsfunding,partoftheGovernment’sIndustrialStrategyChallengeFund,astart-upcompanyEntocycleisleadingacooperationthatwillbuildtheUK’sfirstindustrial-scaleinsectfarm.Blacksoldierflies(黑水虻)areusedtoconvertfoodwastefromfarmsandfactoriesintoasustainable,organicinsect-basedproteinfeed,asanalternativetosoya,forfarmedanimals,namelypigs,chickenandfish.Inshortthecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,whilereducingcarbondioxideemissions(排放)anddeforestation.Followingitsformationin2017,EntocyclespenttimedevelopingitstechnologyaspartoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencyBusinessIncubationCentreUnitedKingdom(ESABICUK),whichismanagedandpartlyfundedbySTFC.Entocycleacquiredtheexpertknowledgetodevelopanetworkofcuttingedgesensors,originallydesignedforuseinspace,tomonitorandoptimize(優(yōu)化)theblacksoldierflies’lifecycle.Theycombinedthiswithbigdataanalysistodeveloptheirproprietarytechnologytomass-rearflies,scalableforindustrialuse,STFC’sDrSueO’Hare,OperationsManagerattheESABICUK,said,“Entocycleisafirst-classexampleofhowspacetechnologycanbeappliedtoaddressoneofthemostimportantglobalchallengeswecurrentlyface—howtofeedtheworldwithoutharmingourplanet.”ItisfantastictoknowthattheESABICUK,partoftheworld’slargestbusinessincubationprogramforspacetechstart-ups,wasabletoprovidetherightenvironmentandsupporttoplayapartintheearlydevelopmentofthisworld-changingtechnology.ThisisasignificantmilestoneforEntocycleasitseekstomakearealandpositiveimpactonmakingourfoodsupplychainsmoreenvironmentallysustainable.12.Howdoestheauthordevelophisopinioninparagraph1?A.Bylistingquestions. B.Bypresentingfacts.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bystatingarguments.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“convert”inparagraph2mean?A.Transform. B.Exchange. C.Dip. D.Add.14.WhatistheDrSueO’Hare’sattitudetoEntocycle?A.Negative. B.Pessimistic. C.Supportive. D.Ambiguous.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FoodWasteIsaGlobalChallengeB.IncreasingPopulationThreatsOurPlanetC.EntocyclePutsSpaceTechnologyintoUseD.UsingInsectstoTurnFoodWasteintoAnimalFeed【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家利用昆蟲將食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的動(dòng)物飼料?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“By2050,ourglobalpopulationmighthavebeenbeyondninebillion,bringingwithitanexpected70%increaseinglobaldemandformeatandfish.Asaresult,thegrowingdemandforsoya-basedfarmfeedisdrivingmassivedestructionofforestsatanalarmingrate,andseaanimalpopulationshavehalvedinthelastfourdecadesduetowidespreadoverfishing.（到2050年，我們?nèi)虻娜丝诳赡軙?huì)超過90億，預(yù)計(jì)全球?qū)θ忸惡汪~類的需求將增加70%。因此，對(duì)以大豆為基礎(chǔ)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)飼料不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求正以驚人的速度推動(dòng)森林的大規(guī)模破壞，由于廣泛的過度捕撈，海洋動(dòng)物的數(shù)量在過去四年中減少了一半。）”可知，作者在第一段中通過陳述事實(shí)來闡述他的觀點(diǎn)的。故選B。13題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inshortthecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,whilereducingcarbondioxideemissionsanddeforestation.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，該公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆蟲蛋白來喂養(yǎng)我們吃的動(dòng)物，同時(shí)減少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。）”可知，該句是對(duì)前一句的總結(jié)，即“usingfoodwastetocreateinsectprotein（利用食物垃圾制造昆蟲蛋白）”可以解釋“convertfoodwastefromfarmsandfactoriesintoasustainable,organicinsect-basedproteinfeed（將農(nóng)場(chǎng)和工廠的食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的有機(jī)昆蟲蛋白質(zhì)飼料）”，因此劃線短語意為“把……轉(zhuǎn)換成……”，即transform（使改變，使轉(zhuǎn)換）。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Entocycleisafirst-classexampleofhowspacetechnologycanbeappliedtoaddressoneofthemostimportantglobalchallengeswecurrentlyface—howtofeedtheworldwithoutharmingourplanet.（Entocycle是一個(gè)一流的例子，展示了如何應(yīng)用空間技術(shù)來解決我們目前面臨的最重要的全球挑戰(zhàn)之一：如何在不傷害地球的情況下養(yǎng)活世界。）”可知，SueO’Hare對(duì)Entocycle持支持的態(tài)度。故選C。【15題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第二段的“Inshortthecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,whilereducingcarbondioxideemissionsanddeforestation.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，該公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆蟲蛋白來喂養(yǎng)我們吃的動(dòng)物，同時(shí)減少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。）”可知，文章主要講述的是科學(xué)家利用昆蟲將食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的動(dòng)物飼料，因此D項(xiàng)（利用昆蟲將食物垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)物飼料）可以作為標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Laughterhaspositive,quantifiablephysiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsoncertainaspectsofhealth.____16____Itprovideslow-intensityexerciseandburncalories.____17____Itisparticularlyimportantforseniorsaswellasbedriddenorwheelchair-boundpeople.Itisauniquewaytoimproveone’sdailyhealth.____18____Therelaxationofthemusclesinlinewiththeincreasedheartrateallowsthebloodtoflowmorefreelythroughoutyourbody.Atthesametimeifyourbloodpressureislowitcanbeincreasedovertimeduetotheaerobic(有氧的)exercisethatitprovides.Itreducespain.Endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)areyourbody’snaturalpainkillers.Theyarereleasedintoyourbodyandthendistributedthroughoutyournervoussystemwhenyoulaugh.____19____Itsharpensuptheimmunesystem.Whenyoulaugh,yourheartservesasthecentralpumpthatputsbloodthroughyourbloodvessels.Thisassiststhelymphaticvessels(淋巴管)incarryingbloodthroughyourbodyandhelpsyourlymphnodestoclean,removingwasteproducts,deadcells,andevenunwantedmicroorganisms.____20____Thesearenecessaryforyoutobeatyourbest.Increasedlymphaticflowequalsaheightened,improvedimmunesystem.A.Itregulatesbloodpressure.BItprovidesmoreoxygenfortheheart.C.Maintainingbloodcleanisimportant.D.Laughterhasapositiveinfluenceonyourheart.E.Herearesomebenefitsoflaughteronphysicalhealth.F.Regularlaughterisoftenusedtoassistwithpainmanagement.G.Whenyoulaugh,allyourbodysystemsareaffectedpositively.【答案】16.E17.G18.A19.F20.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了笑給身體帶來的一些好處?！?6題詳解】前文“Laughterhaspositive,quantifiablephysiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsoncertainaspectsofhealth.”提到：笑對(duì)健康的某些方面具有積極的、可量化的生理和心理影響。結(jié)合下文提到的介個(gè)笑對(duì)健康的好處可知，空處句子應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用。E項(xiàng)（以下是笑對(duì)身體健康的一些好處）符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】前文“Itprovideslow-intensityexerciseandburncalories.”提到：它提供低強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)和燃燒卡路里。后文“Itisparticularlyimportantforseniorsaswellasbedriddenorwheelchair-boundpeople.Itisauniquewaytoimproveone’sdailyhealth.”提到：這對(duì)老年人以及臥床不起或坐輪椅的人來說尤其重要。這是改善一個(gè)人日常健康的獨(dú)特方法。由此可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與笑對(duì)身體產(chǎn)生的影響有關(guān)，所以G項(xiàng)（當(dāng)你笑的時(shí)候，你所有的身體系統(tǒng)都會(huì)受到積極的影響）與上下文連接通順。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】空處為本段主旨句。后文“Therelaxationofthemusclesinlinewiththeincreasedheartrateallowsthebloodtoflowmorefreelythroughoutyourbody.Atthesametimeifyourbloodpressureislowitcanbeincreasedovertimeduetotheaerobicexercisethatitprovides.”提到：隨著心率的增加，肌肉的放松可以讓血液更自由地流遍全身。同時(shí)，如果你的血壓很低，由于它提供的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，血壓會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而升高。由此可知，本段主要介紹笑和控制血壓有關(guān)，A項(xiàng)（它調(diào)節(jié)血壓）概括下文大意，為本段的主旨句，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】前文“Itreducespain.Endorphinsareyourbody’snaturalpainkillers.Theyarereleasedintoyourbodyandthendistributedthroughoutyournervoussystemwhenyoulaugh.”提到：它減少疼痛。內(nèi)啡肽是人體的天然止痛藥。它們會(huì)釋放到你的體內(nèi)，然后在你笑時(shí)分布到你的整個(gè)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中。后文“Itsharpensuptheimmunesystem.Whenyoulaugh,yourheartservesasthecentralpumpthatputsbloodthroughyourbloodvessels.Thisassiststhelymphaticvesselsincarryingbloodthroughyourbodyandhelpsyourlymphnodestoclean,removingwasteproducts,deadcells,andevenunwantedmicroorganisms.”提到：它可以增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)你笑時(shí)，你的心臟就像中央泵一樣，將血液輸送到你的血管。這有助于淋巴管將血液輸送到你的身體，并幫助你的淋巴結(jié)清潔、清除廢物、死細(xì)胞，甚至是不需要的微生物。由此可知，空格處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與笑能減輕疼痛有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)（有規(guī)律的笑經(jīng)常被用來幫助疼痛治療）與上下文連接通順，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】前文“Itsharpensuptheimmunesystem.Whenyoulaugh,yourheartservesasthecentralpumpthatputsbloodthroughyourbloodvessels.Thisassiststhelymphaticvesselsincarryingbloodthroughyourbodyandhelpsyourlymphnodestoclean,removingwasteproducts,deadcells,andevenunwantedmicroorganisms.”提到：它可以增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)你笑時(shí)，你的心臟就像中央泵一樣，將血液輸送到你的血管。這有助于淋巴管將血液輸送到你的身體，并幫助你的淋巴結(jié)清潔、清除廢物、死細(xì)胞，甚至是不需要的微生物。后文“Thesearenecessaryforyoutobeatyourbest.Increasedlymphaticflowequalsaheightened,improvedimmunesystem.”提到：這些是你保持最佳狀態(tài)所必需的。增加的淋巴流量等于增強(qiáng)、改善的免疫系統(tǒng)。由此可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與笑能促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)，幫助淋巴結(jié)清除細(xì)菌、異物等有關(guān)，所以C項(xiàng)（保持血液清潔很重要）承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ataspeedofroughly20milesaday,theArdinesexperiencedpracticallyalltheextremestheUnitedStateshastooffer.Thebrotherskeptadetailedrecordoftheir____21____ontheblog.Withtherightheadlinesandsupportoffriendsandfamilybackathome,thebrothers’journeystartedtogainmore____22____.Byday60,theywerealready1/3intotheir____23____goal.Newsmediastartedto____24____theirstory.InJuly,theirnewscaughtthe____25____ofVerizonWireless,who____26____thebrothersnewcellphonesanddonatedtothecause.Alongtheirheroes’____27____,AidenandLouismettheirowneverydayheroes.AdriverinNebraska____28____themontheroadintheextremelyhotweatheranddoubledbacktogivethem____29____drinks.InIowa,acouple_____30_____themoverforaheartymealofsteakandcheese.InNevada,awomanwhoranacampgroundletthemstay_____31_____.Theseactionsmadetheirhearts_____32_____withwarmth.Walkingby11states,fourtimeszones,mountains,deserts,forests,andarun-inwithablackbearlater,AidenandLouis_____33_____thesandybeachesofSanFranciscoafter162days._____34_____bytheirparentsandothersupporters,thebrotherswerenotonly_____35_____thattheyachievedtheirgoal,butthattheydoubledit.ThankstotheArdines,$70,000was_____36_____betweentheRestaurantWorkers’CommunityFoundationandtheCOCOFund,nonprofitscreatedspecificallyto_____37_____foodworkershithardbythepandemic(疫情).Withoutthe_____38_____ofahugecommunityofpeople,theywouldn’thavebeen_____39_____.Itwasconfirmedthatpeoplearekindintheir_____40_____andreadytohelpothersatalltimes.21.A.reputations B.virtues C.surveys D.experiences22.A.requests B.motivation C.tracks D.admission23.A.interesting B.tiring C.moral D.initial24.A.cover B.enrich C.replace D.investigate25.A.information B.attention C.contribution D.imagination26.A.saved B.showed C.offered D.sold27.A.behaviour B.speech C.journey D.advice28.A.adopted B.spotted C.defended D.examined29.A.hot B.cold C.alcoholic D.expensive30.A.rowed B.took C.turned D.invited31.A.freeofcharge B.aheadoftime C.atrandom D.byaccident32.A.assessed B.satisfied C.stabbed D.filled33.A.searchedfor B.clearedup C.arrivedat D.passedby34.A.Greeted B.Blamed C.Attracted D.Identified35.A.delighted B.upset C.cautious D.ashamed36.A.arranged B.discovered C.shared D.packed37.A.aid B.hire C.move D.control38.A.spread B.doubt C.help D.belief39.A.grateful B.excited C.determined D.successful40.A.quantity B.nature C.anxiety D.ambition【答案】21.D22.B23.D24.A25.B26.C27.C28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.A36.C37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。Ardines兄弟倆徒步美國(guó)，最終到達(dá)加利福尼亞舊金山沙灘，并通過新媒體的傳播籌集資金，捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助受新冠疫情影響的人。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兄弟倆在博客上詳細(xì)記錄了他們的經(jīng)歷。A.reputations名譽(yù)；B.virtues美德；C.surveys調(diào)查；D.experiences經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“Ataspeedofroughly20milesaday,theArdinesexperiencedpracticallyalltheextremestheUnitedStateshastooffer.”可知，Ardines兄弟在博客上記錄他們的經(jīng)歷。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有了合適的標(biāo)題以及國(guó)內(nèi)朋友和家人的支持，兄弟倆的旅程開始獲得更多動(dòng)力。A.requests請(qǐng)求；B.motivation動(dòng)力；C.tracks軌道；D.admission承認(rèn)、允許（進(jìn)入）。根據(jù)“Withtherightheadlinesandsupportoffriendsandfamilybackathome”可知，有合適的標(biāo)題及國(guó)內(nèi)朋友和家人的支持，兄弟倆的旅行獲得了更多動(dòng)力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：到第60天，他們已經(jīng)完成了最初目標(biāo)的三分之一。A.interesting有趣的；B.tiring累人的；C.moral道德的；D.initial最初的。根據(jù)“Ataspeedofroughly20milesaday,theArdinesexperiencedpracticallyalltheextremestheUnitedStateshastooffer.”可知，到60天，他們已經(jīng)完成了最初目標(biāo)旅程的三分之一。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：新聞媒體開始報(bào)道他們的故事。A.cover報(bào)道；B.enrich使充實(shí)；C.replace替換；D.investigate調(diào)查。根據(jù)“Newsmedia”可知，新聞媒體開始報(bào)道他們的故事。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：7月，他們的新聞引起了威瑞森無線公司的注意，該公司為兄弟倆提供新手機(jī)，并向該事業(yè)捐款。A.information信息；B.attention注意力；C.contribution貢獻(xiàn)；D.imagination想象力。根據(jù)“who____6____thebrothersnewcellphonesanddonatedtothecause.”可知，倆兄弟的新聞引起了VerizonWireless的注意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.saved節(jié)?。籅.showed展示；C.offered（主動(dòng)）提供；D.sold賣。根據(jù)“donatedtothecause”可知，VerizonWireless向兄弟倆主動(dòng)提供新手機(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們英雄的旅程中，艾登和路易斯遇到了他們自己的日常英雄。A.behaviour行為；B.speech演講；C.journey旅行；D.advice建議。根據(jù)“thebrothers’journeystartedtogainmore2.”可知，他們?cè)诼贸讨杏龅搅俗约旱娜粘Ｓ⑿?。故選C項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：內(nèi)布拉斯加州的一名司機(jī)在極端炎熱的天氣里發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)诼飞?，于是折回來給他們冷飲。A.adopted收養(yǎng)；B.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.defended抵御；D.examined檢查。根據(jù)“AdriverinNebraska____8____themontheroadintheextremelyhotweatheranddoubledbacktogivethem____9____drinks.”可知，在途中，一位司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.hot熱的；B.cold寒冷的；C.alcoholic含酒精的；D.expensive昂貴的。根據(jù)“intheextremelyhotweather”可知，在炎熱的天氣要喝冷飲。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在愛荷華州，一對(duì)夫婦邀請(qǐng)他們吃了一頓豐盛的牛排和奶酪。A.rowed劃；B.took帶；C.turned轉(zhuǎn)；D.invited邀請(qǐng)。根據(jù)“foraheartymealofsteakandcheese”可知，一對(duì)夫婦邀請(qǐng)他們吃了豐盛的一餐。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查短語詞義辨析。句意：在內(nèi)華達(dá)州，一個(gè)經(jīng)營(yíng)露營(yíng)場(chǎng)所的女士讓他們免費(fèi)入住。A.freeofcharge免費(fèi)；B.aheadoftime提前；C.atrandom隨機(jī)；D.byaccident偶然。根據(jù)“awomanwhoranacampground”可知，經(jīng)營(yíng)露營(yíng)場(chǎng)所的女士讓他們免費(fèi)入住。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些舉動(dòng)讓他們的心里充滿了溫暖。A.assessed評(píng)估；B.satisfied使?jié)M意；C.stabbed（用刀）刺、捅；D.filled填滿。根據(jù)上文路人的幫助及“Theseactionsmadetheirhearts____12____withwarmth.”可知，這些舉動(dòng)讓溫暖填滿了他們內(nèi)心。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：經(jīng)過11個(gè)州、4個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)、山脈、沙漠和森林，Aiden和Louis在162天后到達(dá)了舊金山的沙灘。A.searchedfor搜尋；B.clearedup清理；C.arrivedat到達(dá)；D.passedby經(jīng)過。根據(jù)“Walkingby11states,fourtimeszones,mountains,deserts,forests,andarun-inwithablackbearlater”可知，兄弟倆最終到達(dá)了舊金山沙灘。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們的父母和其他支持者的迎接下，Ardines兄弟倆很高興他們不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)，而且結(jié)果是其兩倍。A.Greeted迎接；B.Blamed責(zé)怪；C.Attracted吸引；D.Identified識(shí)別。根據(jù)“bytheirparentsandothersupporters”可知，到達(dá)后，他們的父母和其他支持者迎接了他們。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.delighted高興的；B.upset不安的；C.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；D.ashamed愧疚的。根據(jù)“thattheyachievedtheirgoal,butthattheydoubledit”可知，兄弟倆不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)，而且結(jié)果是其兩倍，他們很高興。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：多虧了Ardines兄弟倆，7萬美元被分給了餐飲員工團(tuán)體基金會(huì)和COCO基金會(huì)。這兩個(gè)基金會(huì)是專門為幫助受疫情嚴(yán)重打擊的食品工人而設(shè)立的非營(yíng)利組織。A.arranged安排；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.shared分享；D.packed打包。根據(jù)“betweentheRestaurantWorkers’CommunityFoundationandtheCOCOFund,nonprofitscreatedspecificallyto____17____foodworkershithardbythepandemic.”可知，兄弟倆籌集的7萬美元被分給了兩個(gè)基金會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.aid幫助；B.hire租；C.move移動(dòng)；D.control控制。根據(jù)“____17____foodworkershithardbythepandemic”可知，兩個(gè)基金會(huì)是非盈利組織，用來幫助受疫情嚴(yán)重打擊的食品工人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有大家的幫助，Ardines兄弟倆就不會(huì)成功。A.spread蔓延；B.doubt懷疑；C.help幫助；D.belief信念。根據(jù)“ahugecommunityofpeople”可知，沒有大家的幫助，兄弟倆就不會(huì)成功。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.grateful感激的；B.excited激動(dòng)的；C.determined有決心的；D.successful成功的。根據(jù)“____14____bytheirparentsandothersupporters,thebrotherswerenotonly____15____thattheyachievedtheirgoal,butthattheydoubledit.”可知兄弟倆在大家的幫助下成功了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它證實(shí)了人們本性善良，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備幫助別人。A.quantity數(shù)量；B.nature自然；C.anxiety焦慮；D.ambition野心。根據(jù)“ThankstotheArdines,$70,000was____16____betweentheRestaurantWorkers’CommunityFoundationandtheCOCOFund”可知，Ardines兄弟倆徒步旅行，做公益籌集資金幫助人們，在途中又得到了別人的幫助，這件事證實(shí)了人性善良。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Lazinessisamentalres