第八節(jié)步行評估........................................................................................................................26一、步行能力........................................................二......................................................................26二、步態(tài)分析..............................................................................................................................26第九節(jié)心血管評估....................................................................................................................28一、心率......................................................................................................................................28二、血壓......................................................................................................................................29三、心電分級運動實驗..............................................................................................................30四、簡易運動實驗技術..............................................................................................................31第十節(jié)呼吸評估........................................................................................................................32一、通氣功能..............................................................................................................................32二、代謝當量..............................................................................................................................34三、心肺聯(lián)合運動實驗..............................................................................................................34第十一節(jié)疼痛評估....................................................................................................................35一、壓力測痛法..........................................................................................................................3二、視覺模擬評分法..................................................................................................................36三、疼痛問卷..............................................................................................................................37附錄..............................................................................................................................................38附表1-2-1上肢關節(jié)活動范疇測量.........................................................................................38附表1-2-2下肢關節(jié)活動范疇測量.........................................................................................38附表1-2-3脊柱關節(jié)活動范疇測量.........................................................................................39附表1-3-1上肢肌肉徒手肌力檢查.........................................................................................40附表1-3-2下肢肌肉徒手肌力檢查.........................................................................................52附表1-3-3軀干肌肉徒手肌力檢查.........................................................................................59二章運動治療...........................................................................................................................63第一節(jié)關節(jié)活動范疇訓練........................................................................................................63一、被動關節(jié)活動范疇訓練......................................................................................................63二、積極-助力關節(jié)活動訓練.....................................................................................................64三、積極運動..............................................................................................................................65第二節(jié)關節(jié)松動技術................................................................................................................66一、上肢......................................................................................................................................66二、下肢......................................................................................................................................68三、脊柱......................................................................................................................................68第三節(jié)牽伸技術........................................................................................................................69一、上肢......................................................................................................................................69二、下肢......................................................................................................................................70三、軀干......................................................................................................................................70第四節(jié)肌力訓練........................................................................................................................71一、徒手肌力訓練......................................................................................................................71二、等長肌力訓練......................................................................................................................72三、等張肌力訓練......................................................................................................................72四、等速肌力訓練......................................................................................................................73第五節(jié)步行訓練........................................................................................................................74一、步行前訓練..........................................................................................................................74二、步行訓練75第六節(jié)呼吸訓練........................................................................................................................76一、腹式呼吸訓練......................................................................................................................76二、抗阻呼氣訓練......................................................................................................................77三、深呼吸訓練..........................................................................................................................78四、局部呼吸訓練......................................................................................................................78五、排痰訓練..............................................................................................................................79六、呼吸肌訓練..........................................................................................................................79第七節(jié)平衡與協(xié)調(diào)訓練............................................................................................................80一、無器械平衡訓練..................................................................................................................80二、簡易設備平衡訓練..............................................................................................................81三、儀器平衡訓練......................................................................................................................82四、協(xié)調(diào)訓練..............................................................................................................................82第八節(jié)有氧訓練........................................................................................................................83一、器械有氧訓練......................................................................................................................83二、無器械有氧訓練84第九節(jié)神經(jīng)發(fā)育療法................................................................................................................84一、Brunnstrom技術..................................................................................................................84二、Bobath技術..........................................................................................................................86三、PNF技術..............................................................................................................................88第十節(jié)運動再學習....................................................................................................................92一、上肢功能訓練......................................................................................................................93二、口面部功能訓練..................................................................................................................94三、臥位到床邊坐起及坐位平衡訓練......................................................................................94四、站起與坐下訓練..................................................................................................................95五、站立平衡訓練......................................................................................................................96六、行走訓練..............................................................................................................................97第十一節(jié)醫(yī)療體操....................................................................................................................97一、偏癱......................................................................................................................................98二、頸椎病................................................................................................................................100三、腰椎間盤突出癥................................................................................................................101四、肩周炎................................................................................................................................102五、膝關節(jié)骨關節(jié)炎................................................................................................................103六、脊柱側凸............................................................................................................................104第十二節(jié)牽引治療..................................................................................................................105一、腰椎牽引............................................................................................................................105二、頸椎牽引............................................................................................................................106三章物理因子治療..................................................................................................................107第一節(jié)電療法..........................................................................................................................108一、直流電療法........................................................................................................................108二、直流電藥物離子導入療法................................................................................................109三、低頻電療法........................................................................................................................110四、中頻電療法........................................................................................................................111五、高頻電療法........................................................................................................................111第二節(jié)光療法..........................................................................................................................116一、紅外線療法........................................................................................................................116二、紫外線療法........................................................................................................................116三、激光療法............................................................................................................................118第三節(jié)磁療法..........................................................................................................................119一、靜磁場療法........................................................................................................................119二、動磁場療法........................................................................................................................120第四節(jié)超聲波療法...................................................................................................................120一、超聲波療法........................................................................................................................120二、超聲藥物透入療法............................................................................................................122第五節(jié)冷療法...........................................................................................................................122一、冷療法................................................................................................................................122二、冷凍療法............................................................................................................................123第六節(jié)熱療法..........................................................................................................................124一、石蠟療法............................................................................................................................124二、濕熱袋敷療法....................................................................................................................125三、泥療法................................................................................................................................126第七節(jié)壓力療法......................................................................................................................126一、正負壓療法........................................................................................................................126二、負壓療法............................................................................................................................127三、正壓順序循環(huán)療法............................................................................................................128第八節(jié)肌電生物反饋療法......................................................................................................129第二篇作業(yè)治療.....................................................................................................................131一章作業(yè)評估..........................................................................................................................131第一節(jié)作業(yè)體現(xiàn)層次..............................................................................................................131一、作業(yè)需求............................................................................................................................131二、平常生活活動....................................................................................................................132三、工作....................................................................................................................................133四、生存質量............................................................................................................................135第二節(jié)作業(yè)構成層次..............................................................................................................136一、手功能................................................................................................................................136二、知覺功能............................................................................................................................138三、認知功能............................................................................................................................146第三節(jié)物理環(huán)境......................................................................................................................149一、家居和社區(qū)環(huán)境................................................................................................................149二、工作環(huán)境............................................................................................................................150二章作業(yè)治療..........................................................................................................................152第一節(jié)作業(yè)體現(xiàn)層次..............................................................................................................152一、平常生活活動....................................................................................................................152二、娛樂與休閑活動................................................................................................................156三、職業(yè)康復............................................................................................................................157第二節(jié)作業(yè)構成層次..............................................................................................................162一、功能性作業(yè)活動................................................................................................................162二、手功能................................................................................................................................167三、知覺功能............................................................................................................................173四、認知功能............................................................................................................................177第三節(jié)環(huán)境改造與輔助..........................................................................................................178一、自助具適配........................................................................................................................178二、助行器使用........................................................................................................................179三、輪椅選擇與使用................................................................................................................181四、環(huán)境適應與改造................................................................................................................184第四節(jié)矯形器制作與使用......................................................................................................185一、矯形器制作........................................................................................................................185二、矯形器使用........................................................................................................................186三、壓力衣制作與使用............................................................................................................187第三篇言語治療....................................................................................................................188一章聽力障礙..........................................................................................................................188第一節(jié)評估技術......................................................................................................................189一、主觀測聽............................................................................................................................189二、客觀測聽............................................................................................................................190第二節(jié)治療技術......................................................................................................................190一、聲音察覺訓練....................................................................................................................190二、聲音辨別訓練....................................................................................................................191三、聲音辨認訓練....................................................................................................................191四、聲音理解訓練....................................................................................................................192五、助聽器和電子耳蝸應用技術............................................................................................192二章失語癥..............................................................................................................................192第一節(jié)評估技術......................................................................................................................192一、失語癥................................................................................................................................192二、口面失用癥........................................................................................................................196三、言語失用癥........................................................................................................................197第二節(jié)治療技術......................................................................................................................198一、聽理解治療技術................................................................................................................198二、閱讀理解治療技術............................................................................................................200三、言語體現(xiàn)治療技術............................................................................................................201四、書寫體現(xiàn)治療技術............................................................................................................203五、實用交流能力技術............................................................................................................204六、輔助交流技術....................................................................................................................204三章構音障礙..........................................................................................................................207第一節(jié)評估技術......................................................................................................................207一、呼吸評估............................................................................................................................207二、喉功能評估........................................................................................................................208三、口唇評估............................................................................................................................209四、下頜評估............................................................................................................................210五、軟腭評估............................................................................................................................211六、舌評估................................................................................................................................212七、反射評估............................................................................................................................214八、言語評估............................................................................................................................215第二節(jié)治療技術......................................................................................................................216一、舌感覺運動技術................................................................................................................216二、口唇感覺運動技術............................................................................................................217三、下頜運動技術....................................................................................................................218四、軟腭感覺運動技術............................................................................................................219五、聲帶運動技術....................................................................................................................220六、呼吸訓練技術....................................................................................................................220七、發(fā)音訓練技術....................................................................................................................221八、語調(diào)音量訓練技術............................................................................................................222九、交流輔助系統(tǒng)應用技術....................................................................................................222四章吞咽障礙..........................................................................................................................223第一節(jié)評估技術......................................................................................................................224一、口面部評估........................................................................................................................224二、吞咽功能評估....................................................................................................................225三、攝食吞咽評估....................................................................................................................227四、吞咽失用評估....................................................................................................................229五、錄像吞鋇造影檢查............................................................................................................229第二節(jié)治療技術......................................................................................................................231一、頸部放松及口周肌群訓練................................................................................................231二、咳嗽訓練............................................................................................................................232三、門德爾松手法....................................................................................................................233四、屏氣吞咽訓練....................................................................................................................234五、吞咽反射促通技術............................................................................................................234六、電療....................................................................................................................................235七、球囊擴張技術....................................................................................................................235八、進食訓練............................................................................................................................236五章發(fā)聲障礙..........................................................................................................................238第一節(jié)評估技術......................................................................................................................238一、發(fā)聲旳客觀評估................................................................................................................238二、聲質旳評估........................................................................................................................239第二節(jié)發(fā)聲訓練治療技術......................................................................................................239一、基礎發(fā)聲訓練....................................................................................................................239二、發(fā)聲矯治訓練....................................................................................................................240第六章口吃......................................................................................................................................第一節(jié)評估技術......................................................................................................................242一、小朋友口吃評估....................................................................................................................242二、成人口吃評估....................................................................................................................243第二節(jié)治療技術...................