高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1甘肅省白銀市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語試卷第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyoufightingforyourdreams?Doyouwanttogetsomeinspirationfromothers’journeys?Ifso,don’tmissthefollowingbooks.OutliersMalcolmGladwell’sOutliersexplorersthefactorsthatcontributetosuccess.Throughfascinatingcasestudies,Gladwellarguesthatsuccessisnotonlytheresultofindividualtalentbutalsoacombinationofopportunity,timing,andhardwork.Thisbookisperfectforanyoneseekingtounderstandthesecretsbehindextraordinaryachievements.TheGlassCastleJeannetteWalls’inspiringmemoir(回憶錄),TheGlassCastle,describesherpoorchildhoodinanunstableenvironment,highlightingthestrengthneededtoovercomeadversity.Thisbookisidealforthosewhowanttounderstandhumanresilienceandthejourneytowardself-acceptanceandhealing.TheRoadLessTraveledM.ScottPeck’sTheRoadLessTraveledisapowerfulguidetopersonalgrowthandspiritualdevelopment.Itdiscussesthechallengesoflivingameaningfullifeandoffersinsightsondealingwithsuffering,theimportanceofdiscipline,andspiritualmaturity.Thisbookhelpsreadersfindinnerstrengthandliveamorefulfillinglife.AtomicHabitsJamesClear’sAtomicHabitsisapracticalguidetobuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadones.Clearprovidesactionablestrategiesformakingsmallchangesthatleadtosignificantimprovementsinlife.Thisbookisperfectforanyonelookingtocreatelastingchangeandachievetheirgoals.1.WhatdoesthebookOutlierswriteaboutsuccess?A.Itisacombinationoffactors. B.Itdependsonpersonaltalent.C.Itisaboutunderstandingsecrets. D.Itmeansextraordinaryachievements.2.Whichauthorgrewupinpoverty?A.MalcolmGladwell. B.JeannetteWalls.C.M.ScottPeck. D.JamesClear.3.Whatisthecommonthemeofthefourbooks?A.Entertainment. B.Historicalfacts.C.Self-development. D.Scientificresearch.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幫助個人提升，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展的四本書：MalcolmGladwell的《Outliers》，JeannetteWalls的《TheGlassCastle》，M.ScottPeck的《TheRoadLessTraveled》，以及JamesClear的《AtomicHabits》?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Outliers部分內(nèi)容“Throughfascinatingcasestudies,Gladwellarguesthatsuccessisnotonlytheresultofindividualtalentbutalsoacombinationofopportunity,timing,andhardwork.(通過引人入勝的案例研究，Gladwell認(rèn)為成功不僅是個人天賦的結(jié)果，也是機(jī)會、時機(jī)和努力的結(jié)合。)”可知，在書中，成功被描述為個人天賦，機(jī)會，時機(jī)以及努力多種因素的綜合體。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章TheGlassCastle部分內(nèi)容“JeannetteWalls’inspiringmemoir,TheGlassCastle,describesherpoorchildhoodinanunstableenvironment,highlightingthestrengthneededtoovercomeadversity.(JeannetteWalls的鼓舞人心的回憶錄《TheGlassCastle》描述了她在不穩(wěn)定環(huán)境中的貧窮童年，強(qiáng)調(diào)了克服逆境所需的力量。)”可知，《TheGlassCastle》的作者JeannetteWall的童年經(jīng)歷了貧窮，不穩(wěn)定。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通過閱讀文章內(nèi)容，根據(jù)書籍描述中關(guān)鍵詞句可知，“Outliers”中“understandthesecretsbehindextraordinaryachievements(了解非凡成就背后的秘密)”可知，該書探討成功因素，強(qiáng)調(diào)個人成就；“TheGlassCastle”中“highlightingthestrengthneededtoovercomeadversity(強(qiáng)調(diào)克服逆境所需的力量)”可知，該書關(guān)注克服逆境和個人韌性；“TheRoadLessTraveled”中“apowerfulguidetopersonalgrowthandspiritualdevelopment(個人成長和精神發(fā)展的有力指南)”可知，該書聚焦個人成長和精神發(fā)展；“AtomicHabits”中內(nèi)容“apracticalguidetobuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadones(養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣和改掉壞習(xí)慣的實(shí)用指南)”可知，該書提供自我改進(jìn)的實(shí)用策略。由此推知，所有書都涉及個人提升、自我發(fā)展和克服挑戰(zhàn)，即，它們的共同主題是自我發(fā)展（self-development）。故選C項(xiàng)。BDrones,DNAprofilingandultra-sensitivelisteningdevicesarebeingusedinconservationeffortssafeguardingtheUK’sforestsasthebattletodefeatbiodiversitydeclineandmanageclimatechangegoeshi-tech.ForestryEngland(FE)isgatheringdataonthevarietyofwildlifeinsomeofits1,500woodlandsatanall-timepaceandlevelofdetail.ThebodyisharvestingenvironmentalDNA—geneticmaterialleftbyorganismsinanecosystem—fromsoil,waterandairsamplestobuildapictureoftherangeofspeciesacross21forests.Resultsfromfourmonthsofsamplinghaverevealedmorethan5,000uniquespeciesoffungi(真菌)—morethanhavebeenfoundinthelastcenturyusingtraditionalsamplingmethods—alongside1,000speciesofinvertebrates(無脊椎動物).ThedatawillcreateanewbiodiversitybaselineenablingFEtomonitorthesuccessofitsconservationwork.Meanwhile,bioacoustic(生物聲學(xué)的)listeningdeviceshavebeeninstalledinfourwildareasinSomerset,Dorset,NorthYorkshireandNorthumberland.Thetechnologyisbeingusedtotrackbumblebeeactivitybylisteningtothesoundoftheirwingsinflight.AndrewStringer,FEheadofenvironmentandnaturerecovery,calledthefungidataandinvertebrates“mind-blowing”andsaidthenewtechniquesrepresentedastep-changeinitsbiodiversitymonitoringwork.“Theseemergingtechnologiesmeansoonwe’llhave‘weatherstationsfornature’throughoutthenation’sforests,tellinguswhatishappeningtonatureatalevelofdetailwe’veneverhadbefore,”Stringeradded.FEsaid,“Theworkispartofanewapproachtoforestryinwildspaces,puttinglandscape-scalenaturerestorationattheforefront.”Elsewhere,theWoodlandTrusthasbeenusinglaserscanningtechnologytocreate3DmodelsofsomeoftheUK’smostfamousoldoaks(橡樹).Theprojectbuildsadigitalfileoftheselivingtreelegendsaswellasinformationeffortsandhelpingscientistsbetterunderstandthecarboncapturepotentialofancienttrees.4.Whatisthemainadvantageofusinghigh-techequipmentinBritishforests?A.Identifyingillegalloggingquickly. B.Trackinganimalmigrationpatterns.C.Creatingdigitalmapsofforestlandscapes. D.Offeringrapidanddetailedbiodiversitydata.5.Whatisthepurposeofthebiodiversitybaseline?A.Forentertainment. B.Forcommercialuse.C.Totrackconservationprogress. D.Toeducatethenextgeneration.6.HowdoesAndrewStringerfeelaboutthenewtechniques?A.Critical. B.Excited. C.Cautious. D.Concerned.7.Whatcanthedigitalfilesoftheoldoaksdo?A.Helpfutureconservation. B.Measuretheageofancientoaks.C.Recordthehistoryoftheoldtrees. D.Monitorthehealthofancienttrees.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了英國在森林保護(hù)中運(yùn)用無人機(jī)、DNA分析等高科技，收集生物數(shù)據(jù)、監(jiān)測物種，助力應(yīng)對生物多樣性下降與氣候變化，推動自然恢復(fù)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ForestryEngland(FE)isgatheringdataonthevarietyofwildlifeinsomeofits1,500woodlandsatanall-timepaceandlevelofdetail.(英格蘭林業(yè)局（FE）正以前所未有的速度和詳盡程度收集其1500多處林地內(nèi)的各類野生動物數(shù)據(jù))”可知，在英國的森林中使用高科技設(shè)備的主要優(yōu)勢是能提供快速且詳盡的生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThedatawillcreateanewbiodiversitybaselineenablingFEtomonitorthesuccessofitsconservationwork.(這些數(shù)據(jù)將形成一個新的生物多樣性基準(zhǔn)，使英格蘭林業(yè)局能夠監(jiān)測其保護(hù)工作的成效)”可知，生物多樣性基線的目的是追蹤保護(hù)工作的進(jìn)展情況。故選C。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“AndrewStringer,FEheadofenvironmentandnaturerecovery,calledthefungidataandinvertebrates“mind-blowing”andsaidthenewtechniquesrepresentedastep-changeinitsbiodiversitymonitoringwork.(環(huán)境與自然恢復(fù)部門負(fù)責(zé)人安德魯·斯特金稱這些真菌數(shù)據(jù)和無脊椎動物的研究成果“令人驚嘆”，并表示這些新的技術(shù)標(biāo)志著其生物多樣性監(jiān)測工作邁出了重大一步)”可知，安德魯·斯特金對這些新方法感到興奮。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theprojectbuildsadigitalfileoftheselivingtreelegendsaswellasinformationeffortsandhelpingscientistsbetterunderstandthecarboncapturepotentialofancienttrees.(該項(xiàng)目將這些現(xiàn)存的樹木傳奇人物的信息以數(shù)字化形式保存下來，并收集相關(guān)資料，以幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解古老樹木的碳吸收潛力)”可知，古樹的碳捕獲潛力屬于保護(hù)工作的一部分，且數(shù)字文件的建立本身也是一種信息留存，有助于未來的保護(hù)行動。故選A。CAnewpeer-reviewedpaperfromexpertsattheOxfordInternetInstitute(OII),highlightstheneedforaclearframeworkwhenitcomestoartificialintelligence(AI)research,giventherapidadoptionofAIbychildrenandadolescentsusingdigitaldevicestoaccesstheInternetandsocialmedia.Itsrecommendationsarebasedonacriticalassessmentofcurrentshortcomingsintheresearchonhowdigitaltechnologiesimpactyoungpeople’smentalhealth,andanin-depthanalysisofthechallengesunderlyingthoseshortcomings.Thepaper,FromSocialMediatoArtificialIntelligence:ImprovingResearchonDigitalHarmsinYouth,callsfora“criticalre-evaluation”ofhowwestudytheimpactofInternet-basedtechnologiesonyoungpeople’smentalhealth,andoutlineswherefutureAIresearchcanlearnfromseveralpitfallsofsocialmediaresearch.“ResearchontheeffectsofAI,aswellasevidenceforpolicymakersandadviceforcaregivers,mustlearnfromtheissuesthathavefacedsocialmediaresearch,”saidDrKarenMansfield,postdoctoralresearcherattheOIIandleadauthorofthepaper.“YoungpeoplearealreadyadoptingnewwaysofinteractingwithAI,andwithoutasolidframeworkforcollaborationbetweenstakeholders(利益相關(guān)者),evidence-basedpolicyonAIwillfallbehind,asitdidforsocialmedia.”Thepaperdescribeshowtheimpactofsocialmediaisofteninterpretedasoneisolatedcausalfactor,whichneglectsdifferenttypesofsocialmediause,aswellascontextualfactorsthatinfluencebothtechnologyuseandmentalhealth.Withoutrethinkingthisapproach,futureresearchonAIrisksgettingcaughtupinanewmediapanic,asitdidforsocialmedia.“Wearecallingforacooperativeevidence-basedframeworkthatwillholdbigtechfirmsaccountableinaproactive,incremental(遞增的),andinformativeway,”saidProfessorAndrewPrzybylski,OIIProfessorofHumanBehaviourandTechnology.“Withoutbuildingonpastlessons,intenyearswecouldbebacktosquareone,viewingtheplaceofAIinmuchthesamewaywefeelhelplessaboutsocialmediaandsmartphones.WehavetotakeactivestepsnowsothatAIcanbesafeandbeneficialtochildrenandadolescents.”8.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecurrentframeworkforAIresearchfromparagraph1?A.Itprioritizesadultusersoveradolescents. B.Itdirectschildren’sinteractionwithAIwell.C.Itneedsstructuredguidelinestoprotecttheyouth. D.Itfocusesmainlyontraditionalmediaplatforms.9.Whydoesthepapercallfora“criticalre-evaluation”?A.ToassesstheimpactofAIontheyouth. B.Toexpandtheuseofdigitaltechnologies.C.Toenhanceresearchondigitaldevelopment. D.Toinformpolicymakersofdigitaltechnologies.10.WhatmayhappenifstakeholdersfailtocooperateonAIresearch?A.AdolescentswillrejectAItechnologiesentirely.B.AIpolicieswillenhancesocialmediaregulations.C.CaregiverswillreceivemoreaccurateadviceaboutAI.D.Policymakerswillfailtogiveevidence-basedguidance.11.WhatdoesProfessorPrzybyskistressinthelastparagraph?A.Enhancingparentalcontrols. B.Cooperationbetweenstakeholders.C.Completeremovalofdigitaldevices. D.Prioritizingmentalhealthevaluations.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章介紹了牛津互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究所一篇新論文指出，鑒于青少年廣泛使用AI，因此AI研究需明確框架，并呼吁借鑒社交媒體研究教訓(xùn)，建立合作框架，確保AI對青少年安全有益?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewpeer-reviewedpaperfromexpertsattheOxfordInternetInstitute(OII),highlightstheneedforaclearframeworkwhenitcomestoartificialintelligence(AI)research,giventherapidadoptionofAIbychildrenandadolescentsusingdigitaldevicestoaccesstheInternetandsocialmedia.(牛津互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究所專家發(fā)表的一篇新的同行評審論文強(qiáng)調(diào)，鑒于兒童和青少年正通過數(shù)字設(shè)備快速使用人工智能訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體，人工智能研究需要一個清晰的框架)”推知，目前的人工智能研究需要一個結(jié)構(gòu)化的指導(dǎo)方針來保護(hù)青少年。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thepaper,

FromSocialMediatoArtificialIntelligence:ImprovingResearchonDigitalHarmsinYouth,callsfora“criticalre-evaluation”ofhowwestudytheimpactofInternet-basedtechnologiesonyoungpeople’smentalhealth,andoutlineswherefutureAIresearchcanlearnfromseveralpitfallsofsocialmediaresearch.(這篇題為《從社交媒體到人工智能：改進(jìn)青少年數(shù)字危害研究》的論文呼吁“審慎重新評估”我們研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)對青少年心理健康影響的方式，并指出未來人工智能研究可從社交媒體研究的若干誤區(qū)中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，該論文呼吁“審慎重新評估”是為了評估人工智能對青少年的影響。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““ResearchontheeffectsofAI,aswellasevidenceforpolicymakersandadviceforcaregivers,mustlearnfromtheissuesthathavefacedsocialmediaresearch,”saidDrKarenMansfield,postdoctoralresearcherattheOIIandleadauthorofthepaper.“YoungpeoplearealreadyadoptingnewwaysofinteractingwithAI,andwithoutasolidframeworkforcollaborationbetweenstakeholders(利益相關(guān)者),evidence-basedpolicyonAIwillfallbehind,asitdidforsocialmedia.”(“對人工智能影響的研究，以及為政策制定者提供的依據(jù)和為照護(hù)者提供的建議，必須從社交媒體研究曾面臨的問題中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”牛津互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究所博士后研究員、該論文的主要作者KarenMansfield博士表示，“青少年已在采用與人工智能互動的新方式，若沒有利益相關(guān)者協(xié)作的堅(jiān)實(shí)框架，基于證據(jù)的人工智能政策就會滯后，就像當(dāng)初社交媒體領(lǐng)域那樣?！?”可知，若沒有協(xié)作框架，基于證據(jù)的人工智能政策就會滯后，這意味著政策制定者無法提供基于證據(jù)的指導(dǎo)。即如果利益相關(guān)者不能在人工智能研究上合作，那么政策制定者將無法提供基于證據(jù)的指導(dǎo)。故選D。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Wearecallingforacooperativeevidence-basedframeworkthatwillholdbigtechfirmsaccountableinaproactive,incremental(遞增的) ,andinformativeway,”saidProfessorAndrewPrzybylski,OIIProfessorofHumanBehaviourandTechnology.“Withoutbuildingonpastlessons,intenyearswecouldbebacktosquareone,viewingtheplaceofAIinmuchthesamewaywefeelhelplessaboutsocialmediaandsmartphones.WehavetotakeactivestepsnowsothatAIcanbesafeandbeneficialtochildrenandadolescents.”(“我們呼吁建立一個基于證據(jù)的合作框架，以積極主動、逐步推進(jìn)且信息透明的方式讓大型科技公司承擔(dān)責(zé)任?！迸＝蚧ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)研究所人類行為與技術(shù)教授AndrewPrzybylski表示，“如果不借鑒過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，十年后我們可能會回到原點(diǎn)——就像如今對社交媒體和智能手機(jī)感到無力一樣，對人工智能的定位也會陷入同樣的困境。我們現(xiàn)在必須采取積極措施，確保人工智能對兒童和青少年而言是安全且有益的?！?”可知，AndrewPrzybylski認(rèn)為如果沒有合作框架，不借鑒過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，十年后我們可能會回到原點(diǎn)，對人工智能感到無力，并陷入困境。由此推知，ProfessorPrzybyski強(qiáng)調(diào)了合作框架的重要性，即利益相關(guān)者之間協(xié)作的重要性。故選B。DResearchersattheUniversityofSouthamptonhaveproposedthatsomewildplantspeciespossesscertainattributeswhichmakethemmoresuitableforhumancultivation(栽培)thanothers.Thescientists,investigatingtheoriginsofdomesticated(馴化的)plants,sayunderstandingthesekeygeneticandmorphological(形態(tài)學(xué)的)propertiesmayprovideimportantcluesabouthowtodevelopfuture,climatechangeadaptedcrops.Theysuggestthatlookingattoday’sexistingdomesticatedplantscouldhelpmeetfuturechallengesofdevelopingvarietiestoresistrisingglobaltemperaturesandunpredictableweather.Domesticatedplantsarethosewhichhavebeenadaptedfromthewildforhumanuse,oftenoverthousandsofyears.Around12thousandyearsago,hunter-gatherersocietiesbegancultivatingawiderangeofspeciesasmorereliablesourcesoffood.Byrepeatedlygrowingseedsfromtheirbestplantseachseason,humansslowlyproducedstrongercropswithimprovedoutput—butonlysomeofthewildspeciesweredomesticatedandotherswereabandoned.Theresearchersbehindthisnewstudysayuseful,hiddenpropertiesinsomewildspeciespreparedthemfordomestication.Theirresearchreviewsahostofpastliteratureandevidencetoexaminewhyjustaminorityofthesewildplantsweredomesticatedandhowmoderncultivatedvarietiesdifferatageneticlevelfromtheirancestorsandpresent-daywild“cousins”.Leadauthorofthestudy,ProfessorMarkChapmanoftheUniversityofSouthampton,explains,“Tensofthousandsofplantspeciesareeatable,yetjustafewhundredhavebeendomesticatedandamere15speciesprovide90percentofourcalories.HundredsofwildplantswerecollectedduringtheNeolithicPeriodbyhumans,butwerelaterabandonedasfoodsources.Wehaveexploredwhichgeneticorphysicaltraitsfacilitatedorconstrainedthedomesticationofwildspecies.”Thescientistsconcludethatpresent-daywildplants,underusedcropsinlocalcommunities,orpartiallydomesticatedspeciesmayholdkey,usefultraitswhichcanbecontrolledthroughselectionandprecisionbreeding.Theyhopetheirstudywillhelpinformfutureworktoadaptspecieswiththeaimofimprovingourfoodsecurityinafast-changingworldclimate.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“attributes”meaninparagraph1?A.Varieties. B.Alternatives. C.Properties. D.Qualifications.13.Whatdidthedomesticationprocesssuggestabouthumanselection?A.Outputimprovementwaskeyincultivation.B.Humansprioritizedplantswithrapidgrowth.C.Hunter-gatherersavoidedplantcultivationinitially.D.Allwildspecieswereequallysuitablefordomestication.14.WhatistheultimategoaloftheresearchconductedbytheUniversityofSouthampton?A.Toincreasedomesticatedplantspecies.B.Toensurefoodsecurityinclimatechange.C.Toidentifythemostnutritiouswildplants.D.Topreservethegeneticdiversityofwildplants.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeImpactsandFuturecropStrategiesB.TheDomesticationofWildPlantsandFoodSecurityC.TheGeneticsofWildPlantsandTheirDiverseAttributesD.TheHistoryofCultivationandHunter-gatherers’Practices【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了南安普頓大學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)部分野生植物因特定屬性更易馴化，其基因和形態(tài)特征或助培育適應(yīng)氣候變化的作物，保障糧食安全。【12題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“whichmakethemmoresuitableforhumancultivation(栽培)thanothers(使得它們比其他植物更適合人類的栽培)”可知，某些野生植物比其他植物更適合人類的栽培，說明了某些野生植物具有某些獨(dú)特的特性。故劃線詞意思是“特性”，與“Properties(屬性，特性)”意思相近。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Byrepeatedlygrowingseedsfromtheirbestplantseachseason,humansslowlyproducedstrongercropswithimprovedoutput—butonlysomeofthewildspeciesweredomesticatedandotherswereabandoned.(通過每年在最佳植株上重復(fù)播種種子，人類逐漸培育出了更強(qiáng)壯且產(chǎn)量更高的作物——但只有部分野生物種被馴化，而其他一些則被遺棄了)”可知，馴化過程表明人類選擇的重點(diǎn)是在種植過程中，產(chǎn)量的提高是關(guān)鍵因素。故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theyhopetheirstudywillhelpinformfutureworktoadaptspecieswiththeaimofimprovingourfoodsecurityinafast-changingworldclimate.(他們希望他們的研究能夠?yàn)槲磥淼墓ぷ魈峁﹨⒖?，從而幫助物種適應(yīng)環(huán)境，目的是在快速變化的世界氣候中改善我們的糧食安全)”可知，南安普敦大學(xué)所開展的研究的最終目標(biāo)是以確保在氣候變化背景下的人類糧食安全。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthamptonhaveproposedthatsomewildplantspeciespossesscertainattributeswhichmakethemmoresuitableforhumancultivation(栽培)thanothers.Thescientists,investigatingtheoriginsofdomesticated(馴化的)plants,sayunderstandingthesekeygeneticandmorphological(形態(tài)學(xué)的)propertiesmayprovideimportantcluesabouthowtodevelopfuture,climatechangeadaptedcrops.(南安普敦大學(xué)的研究人員提出，某些野生植物具有某些獨(dú)特的特性，使得它們比其他植物更適合人類的栽培。這些科學(xué)家在研究馴化植物的起源時指出，了解這些關(guān)鍵的基因和形態(tài)學(xué)特征或許能為開發(fā)適應(yīng)氣候變化的未來作物提供重要線索)”結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章圍繞野生植物的馴化展開，探討了馴化過程中人類的選擇、野生植物的特性，以及研究的目的是為了在氣候變化中保障糧食安全。由此推斷，B選項(xiàng)“野生植物的馴化與糧食安全”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Flyingforthefirsttimecanbebothexcitingandtense.____16____,knowingwhattoexpectandhowtopreparecanmakeyourfirstflightasmoothandenjoyableexperience.Herearesomeessentialtipstohelpyougetreadyforyourfirstflight.Preparethoroughlybeforeyourflight____17____.Researchtheairline’spoliciesregardingbaggageallowancesandthespecificrequirementsforyourdestination.Packsmartly,keepinginmindtheessentialsyou’llneedduringyourtrip.Makesuretobringyouridentification,tickets,andthenecessarytraveldocuments.Ifyou’retravelinginternationally,double-checkvisarequirementsandensureyourpassportisvalid.FamiliarizeyourselfwithairportproceduresAirportscanbebusyandconfusingplaces,especiallyifyou’reafirst-timeflyer.____18____Manyairportshaveonlineguidesthatcanhelpyoufindtheterminal(航站樓).Understandthesecuritycheckpointprocessandbepreparedtoremoveitemsforinspection.____19____Airtravelcanbetiring,soit’simportanttoprioritizeyourcomfort.Bringatravelpillowandblankettohelpyousleep,andconsiderwearingnoise-cancelingheadphonestoblockoutenginenoise.Takeadvantageofin-flightentertainmentoptions,butalsobringyourownbooks,magazines,orelectronicdevicestokeepyouoccupied.Ifyougetairsick,considertakingsomemedications.ManageanxietyandenjoytheexperienceIt’snormaltofeelanxiousaboutflying,especiallyifit’syourfirsttime.Trytostaycalmandremindyourselfthatairtravelisoneofthesafestformsoftransportation.Practicedeepbreathingexercisestohelpmanageanynervousness.Engagewithyourfellowpassengersandflightcrew.Theycanofferreassuranceandmaketheexperiencemoreenjoyable.____20____.A.InordertohaveanicetripB.StaycomfortableduringtheflightC.TakeyournecessaryitemswithyouD.YouneedtoknowthestructureoftheairportE.YoucanstartbyunderstandingthebasicsofairtravelF.Whetheryou’retravelingforbusinessorvisitingfamilyG.Finally,lookoutofthewindowandenjoytheuniqueview【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.B20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了首次乘機(jī)的準(zhǔn)備事項(xiàng)與建議?！?6題詳析】上文“Flyingforthefirsttimecanbebothexcitingandtense.(第一次飛行既令人興奮又緊張)”說明首次乘機(jī)的復(fù)雜感受?？仗幷f明無論何種出行目的，提前準(zhǔn)備都能提升體驗(yàn)。所以F項(xiàng)“Whetheryou’retravelingforbusinessorvisitingfamily(無論你是出差還是探親)”與后文“knowingwhattoexpectandhowtopreparecanmakeyourfirstflightasmoothandenjoyableexperience(知道會發(fā)生什么以及如何準(zhǔn)備可以讓你的第一次飛行順利愉快)”構(gòu)成順接關(guān)系，符合語境。故選F?！?7題詳析】本段主題是“Preparethoroughlybeforeyourflight(飛行前充分準(zhǔn)備)”，下文“Researchtheairline’spoliciesregardingbaggageallowancesandthespecificrequirementsforyourdestination.(研究航空公司關(guān)于行李限額的政策以及目的地的具體要求)”說明需要提前了解航空旅行的基礎(chǔ)知識?？仗幒秃笪臑轫樈雨P(guān)系，E項(xiàng)“Youcanstartbyunderstandingthebasicsofairtravel(你可以從了解航空旅行的基礎(chǔ)知識開始)”作為段首句，引出下文對航空公司政策、行李打包等準(zhǔn)備工作的介紹，與“準(zhǔn)備”主題呼應(yīng)，其中“basics”對應(yīng)后文“policies”和“requirements”，符合語境。故選E?！?8題詳析】上文“Airportscanbebusyandconfusingplaces,especiallyifyou’reafirst-timeflyer.(機(jī)場可能是繁忙而混亂的地方，尤其是對于第一次乘飛機(jī)的人來說)”說明首次乘機(jī)者需要熟悉機(jī)場結(jié)構(gòu)?？仗幒颓拔臑轫樈雨P(guān)系，D項(xiàng)“Youneedtoknowthestructureoftheairport(你需要了解機(jī)場的結(jié)構(gòu))”承接上文，且與后文“找到航站樓”呼應(yīng)，說明熟悉機(jī)場流程的具體內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)需掌握機(jī)場布局，符合語境。故選D。【19題詳析】空處為段落主旨句。下文“Airtravelcanbetiring,soit’simportanttoprioritizeyourcomfort.(航空旅行可能會很累，所以優(yōu)先考慮舒適度很重要)”說明本段圍繞飛行中的舒適性展開。B項(xiàng)“Staycomfortableduringtheflight(飛行中保持舒適)”概括本段內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選B。【20題詳析】本段建議“Manageanxietyandenjoytheexperience(緩解焦慮，享受飛行體驗(yàn))”，上文“Engagewithyourfellowpassengersandflightcrew.Theycanofferreassuranceandmaketheexperiencemoreenjoyable.(與乘客和機(jī)組人員互動。他們可以讓你安心，讓體驗(yàn)更愉快)”說明互動能緩解焦慮。G項(xiàng)“Finally,lookoutofthewindowandenjoytheuniqueview(最后，看看窗外，欣賞獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景)”提出通過欣賞窗外景色進(jìn)一步享受飛行，是享受飛行的具體做法，作為結(jié)尾句符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Asanewinternationalstudent,Iwas____21____abouttravelingaforeigncityalone.Myfirstencounterwithculturaldifferencecameatacafe,whereIstruggledtoorderinbrokenEnglish.Thewaiterservinginthecafe,____22____myembarrassment,offeredawarmsmileandpatientlyrepeatedthemenu.Thatsimpleactofkindness____23____me,makingmerealizethatcommunicationisn’tjustaboutwords.Later,whileexploringChinatown,Iwitnesseda____24____betweentwostreetsellers.OnearguedinMandarin,whiletheotherrespondedinSpanish.Ihadassumedafight,butinstead,they____25____andburstintolaughter.Theirsuddenlightheartedness____26____me—theyseemedtounderstandeachother____27____thelanguagebarrier.Itdawnedonmethat____28____couldbridgegaps,notcreatethem.Inmyliteratureclass,wereadTheMillionPoundBankNote,wheremoney____29____humanrelationships.ThemaincharacterHenry’ssuddenwealthturnsstrangersintoadmirers,_____30_____thepowerofmaterialism(物質(zhì)主義).However,thelifeinthisforeigncity_____31_____methatbeingkindherewasn’taboutstatusorwealth.Oneevening,Ihelpedanelderlywomancarryhergroceries.ShethankedmeinPolish,andIrepliedinFrench.Thoughwecouldn’t_____32_____eachother’swords,oursmilesspokevolumes.Thatmoment_____33_____mybeliefthatgenuineconnectionwentbeyondlanguage.Now,Irealizethatculturaldiversityisn’ta_____34_____butasourceofstrength.It’sinthe_____35_____betweenpeople—likethewaiter,thesellers,andtheelderlywoman—thattrueunderstandinggrows.21.A.excited B.nervous C.curious D.relaxed22.A.neglecting B.noticing C.misunderstanding D.teasing23.A.confused B.annoyed C.touched D.encouraged24.A.conflict B.performance C.celebration D.demand25.A.continued B.quit C.screamed D.discussed26.A.delighted B.directed C.amused D.surprised27.A.inspiteof B.becauseof C.insteadof D.onaccountof28.A.differences B.similarities C.challenges D.opportunities29.A.solves B.complicates C.ignores D.simplifies30.A.emphasizing B.denying C.questioning D.concluding31.A.reminded B.warned C.cured D.informed32.A.spot B.distinguish C.understand D.assess33.A.contradicted B.strengthened C.taught D.shaped34.A.bridge B.treasure C.goal D.burden35.A.struggles B.victories C.interactions D.cultures【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.B26.D27.A28.A29.B30.A31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作為國際新生，作者在外國城市的經(jīng)歷讓作者明白文化差異非負(fù)擔(dān)，善意與互動能跨越語言，帶來真正理解。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名新的國際學(xué)生，我對獨(dú)自在外國城市旅行感到緊張。A.excited激動的；B.nervous緊張的；C.curious好奇的；D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)語境以及下文“travelingaforeigncityalone”可知，作者作為一名新的國際學(xué)生，獨(dú)自在外國城市旅行，應(yīng)該是感到緊張的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：咖啡館里的服務(wù)員注意到我的尷尬，給了我一個溫暖的微笑，耐心地重復(fù)著菜單。A.neglecting忽視；B.noticing注意；C.misunderstanding誤解；D.teasing取笑。根據(jù)下文“myembarrassment,offeredawarmsmileandpatientlyrepeatedthemenu”可知，服務(wù)員應(yīng)該是注意到了作者的尷尬，才會給出溫暖的微笑并耐心重復(fù)菜單。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個簡單的善舉感動了我，讓我意識到溝通不僅僅是語言。A.confused使困惑；B.annoyed使惱怒；C.touched觸動；D.encouraged鼓勵。根據(jù)下文“makingmerealizethatcommunicationisn’tjustaboutwords”提到溝通不僅僅是語言，可知，服務(wù)員友好的舉動應(yīng)該是觸動了作者。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，在探索唐人街時，我目睹了兩個街頭小販之間的沖突。A.conflict沖突；B.performance表演；C.celebration慶祝；D.demand要求。根據(jù)下文“OnearguedinMandarin,whiletheotherrespondedinSpanish.Ihadassumedafight”可知，作者目睹了兩個街頭小販之間的沖突。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我以為他們會打架，但他們卻停止了，并爆發(fā)出笑聲。A.continued繼續(xù)；B.quit停止；C.screamed尖叫；D.discussed討論。根據(jù)前面“Ihadassumedafight”說作者以為他們在打架，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以他們應(yīng)該是停止了（爭吵）并突然大笑起來。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們突然的輕松讓我很驚訝——盡管有語言障礙，他們似乎能相互理解。A.delighted使高興；B.directed指導(dǎo)；C.amused使發(fā)笑；D.surprised使驚訝。根據(jù)上文“butinstead,they________andburstintolaughter”可知，他們突然的輕松愉快讓作者感到驚訝。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：他們突然的輕松讓我很驚訝——盡管有語言障礙，他們似乎能相互理解。A.inspiteof盡管；B.becauseof因?yàn)?；C.insteadof代替，相反；D.onaccountof因?yàn)?。根?jù)上文“theyseemedtounderstandeachother”以及下文“thelanguagebarrier”可知，他們似乎盡管有語言障礙，還是能理解彼此。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始明白，差異可以彌合分歧，而不是制造分歧。A.differences差異；B.similarities相似之處；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.opportunities機(jī)會。根據(jù)下文“couldbridgegaps,notcreatethem.”以及作者的經(jīng)歷可知，這里說的是文化差異（differences）可以架起溝通的橋梁，而不是制造隔閡。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的文學(xué)課上，我們讀了《百萬英鎊》，書中金錢使人際關(guān)系復(fù)雜化。A.solves解決；B.complicates使復(fù)雜；C.ignores忽視；D.simplifies使簡化。根據(jù)下文“ThemaincharacterHenry’ssuddenwealthturnsstrangersintoadmirers”可知，在《百萬英鎊》中，金錢使人際關(guān)系變得復(fù)雜。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：主人公亨利的暴富使陌生人變成了仰慕者，強(qiáng)調(diào)了物質(zhì)主義的力量。A.emphasizing強(qiáng)調(diào)；B.denying否認(rèn)；C.questioning質(zhì)疑；D.concluding得出結(jié)論。根據(jù)下文“thepowerofmaterialism”可知，主人公亨利突然的財(cái)富讓陌生人變成了崇拜者，這強(qiáng)調(diào)了物質(zhì)主義的力量。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這個陌生城市的生活提醒我，在這里，善良與地位或財(cái)富無關(guān)。A.reminded提醒；B.warned警告；C.cured治愈；D.informed通知。根據(jù)下文“…thatbeingkindherewasn’taboutstatusorwealth”可知，這個外國城市的生活提醒作者，在這里善良與地位或財(cái)富無關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我們聽不懂對方說的話，但我們的微笑意味深長。A.spot發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.distinguish區(qū)別；C.understand理解；D.assess評估。根據(jù)上文“ShethankedmeinPolish,andIrepliedinFrench.”可知，作者用法語回應(yīng)，她用波蘭語感謝作者，所以我們不能理解彼此的話。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨