SectionOne

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

Unit2:ThermalStorage

Unit3:HistoryofRefrigerationandAirConditioning

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

NewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestothe

TextExerciseNewWords&Expressions強(qiáng)烈,劇烈,強(qiáng)度hostileadj.敵對的,敵方的

hostilityn.敵意,惡意,不友善,敵對,對抗,反對solelyadv.獨(dú)自地,單獨(dú)地validadj.有效的,有根據(jù)的,正當(dāng)?shù)?正確的tropicaladj.熱帶的,熱情的subtropicaladj.亞熱帶的moderateadj.中等的,適度的,適中的draughtn.拖,拉,一網(wǎng)(魚),氣流glazev.裝玻璃,上釉,使表面光滑intensityn.NewWords&Expressionsventilationn.通風(fēng),流通空氣統(tǒng)一的,相同的,一致的,均衡的distributionn.分配,分發(fā),vagaryn.狂妄古怪的行為;狂想;變幻莫測dehumidificationn.除去濕氣condensev.(使)濃縮,精簡moisturen.潮濕,濕氣ultimaten.最終的事物,最終individualn.adj.個(gè)人,個(gè)體;個(gè)別的,單獨(dú)的,個(gè)人的automaticn.adj.自動(dòng)機(jī)械;自動(dòng)的,無意識的,機(jī)械的uniformadj.Text

Humanbeingarebornintoahostileenvironment,butthedegreeof

hostilityvarieswiththeseasonoftheyearandwiththegeographicallocality.Thissuggeststhattheargumentsforairconditioningmightbebasedsolelyonclimaticconsiderations,butalthoughthesemaybevalidintropicalandsubtropicalareas,theyarenotfortemperateclimateswithindustrializedsocialstructuresandrisingstandardsofliving.

人類生活在一個(gè)并不舒適的環(huán)境，但是這種不舒適的程度因季節(jié)的變化和地理位置的不同而不同。

看來空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)似乎僅僅考慮氣候因素就夠了，雖然這在熱帶和亞熱帶區(qū)域是可行的，但它們并不適合生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提高和工業(yè)化社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)下的溫帶氣候。Text

Briefly，airconditioningisnecessaryforthefollowingreasons.Heatgainsfromsunlightandelectriclighting,inparticular,maycauseunpleasantlyhightemperaturesinrooms,unlesswindowsareopened.Ifwindowsareopened,thenevenmoderatewindspeedscauseexcessive

draughts,becomingworseontheupperfloorsoftallbuildings.簡而言之，空調(diào)為下列情況所必需。太陽光，尤其是電燈照明的熱量，會(huì)使房間內(nèi)的氣溫很高，令人不舒服，這時(shí)就需要打開窗戶；而如果窗戶被打開，那么即使是中等程度的風(fēng)速也能導(dǎo)致通風(fēng)過度，較高樓層上的房間情況會(huì)更糟。Text

進(jìn)一步說，如果窗戶打開，噪聲和灰塵就會(huì)進(jìn)入，令人討厭，尤其是市區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)建筑物的最低層情況會(huì)變得更糟糕。通過開窗獲得自然氣流去緩和這種情況，僅限于從玻璃窗向內(nèi)6米的范圍之內(nèi)。

Further,ifwindowsareopened,noiseanddirtenterandareobjectionable，becomingworseonthelowerfloorsofbuildings,particularlyinurbandistrictsandindustrialareas.Inanycase,thereliefprovidedbynaturalairflowthroughopenwindowsisonlyeffectiveforadepthofabout6metersinwardfromtheglazing.Text

Itfollowsthattheinnerareasofdeepbuildingswillnotreallybenefitatallfromopenedwindows.Coupledwiththeneedforhighintensitycontinuouselectriclightinginthesecoreareas,thelackofadequateventilation

meansagooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.1Mechanicalventilationwithoutrefrigerationisonlyapartialsolution.由此得出，事實(shí)上開窗對縱深的建筑物內(nèi)部的區(qū)域是根本無效。加上這些中心區(qū)域要有高強(qiáng)度長時(shí)間的照明，缺少足夠的通風(fēng)會(huì)使居住者感到非常不適。不帶制冷的機(jī)械通風(fēng)僅僅只能解決一部分問題。Text

Itistruethatitprovidesacontrolledanduniformmeansofairdistribution,inplaceoftheunsatisfactoryresultsobtainedwithopenedwindows(thevagariesofwind,againparticularlywithtallbuildings,producediscontinuousnaturalventilation),buttolerableinternaltemperatureswillprevailonlyduringwintermonths.Formuchofthespringandautumn,aswellasthesummer,theinternalroomtemperaturewillbeseveraldegreeshigherthanthatoutside,anditwillbenecessarytoopenwindowsinordertoaugmentthemechanicalventilation.2機(jī)械的通風(fēng)確實(shí)能提供一個(gè)可控制、均勻的空氣分配，彌補(bǔ)了開窗通風(fēng)的缺點(diǎn)（自然風(fēng)難以預(yù)測，通風(fēng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，尤其是在高層建筑），而只有在冬季這樣的室內(nèi)溫度才是適宜的。因?yàn)榇蟛糠执杭竞颓锛?，還有夏季，室內(nèi)溫度比室外溫度高出好幾度，為了彌補(bǔ)機(jī)械通風(fēng)的不足，就需要打開窗戶。Text

Thedesignspecificationforacomfortconditioningsystemisintendedtobetheframeworkforprovidingacomfortableenvironmentforhumanbeingsthroughouttheyear,inthepresenceofsensibleheatgainsinsummerandsensibleheatlossesinwinter.Dehumidificationwouldbeachievedinsummerbuttherelativehumidityintheconditionedspacewouldbeallowedtodiminishaswinterapproached.舒適的調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范是為居住者提供全年的舒適環(huán)境，這就要面臨夏季人們明顯的熱量獲得和在冬季明顯的熱量損失的問題。在夏季應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)除濕，而當(dāng)冬季接近時(shí)應(yīng)允許減少在空調(diào)環(huán)境中相對的濕度。Text

Therearetworeasonswhythisisacceptablefirst,

humanbeingsarecomfortablewithinafairlylargerangeofhumidity,fromabout60percenttoabout20percentand,secondlytheuseofsingleglazingwillcausetheinnersurfacesofwindowstostreamwithcondensedmoistureifitisattemptedtomaintaintoohighahumidityinwinter.3理由是，第一，人類能在一個(gè)濕度相當(dāng)大的范圍內(nèi)感到舒適，大約從60%到20%；第二，如果想在冬天保持一個(gè)較高的室內(nèi)溫度，蒸汽就會(huì)在單層的玻璃內(nèi)表面上冷凝成水。Text

舒適條件的基本特征是有目地產(chǎn)生一個(gè)對于大多數(shù)人感到舒適的環(huán)境。絕對的舒適是永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到的，但可對單個(gè)房間進(jìn)行單個(gè)的自動(dòng)控制。Theessentialfeatureofcomfortconditioningisthatitaimstoproduceanenvironmentwhichiscomfortabletothemajorityoftheoccupants.Theultimateincomfortcanneverbeachieved,buttheuseofindividualautomaticcontrolforindividualrooms.NotestotheTextUnit1NotestotheText1、Coupledwiththeneedforhighintensitycontinuouselectriclightinginthesecoreareas,thelackofadequateventilationmeansagooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.句中coupledwith意為“加上，

外加”例如：Hernamewascoupledwithhis.她的名字與他的連在一起。…agooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.其中for為用來指一個(gè)活動(dòng)的接受者或受益者,如：preparedlunchforus.為我們準(zhǔn)備午餐Unit1NotestotheText句中aswellasadv.=inadditionto除……之外還；和；及（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前面的部分），例如：I’mlearningFrenchaswallasEnglish.我學(xué)英語之外還學(xué)法語。itwillbenecessarytoopenwindows…,本句屬于“It+謂語+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種語形。It作形式主語，toopenwindows動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句在句中起主語作用，而這一部分用詞較多時(shí)，可用it作為形式主語，放在句首代表其后所說的事實(shí)上的、真正的主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。如：Itisdifficulttoclimbamountain.爬山是很艱難的。2、Formuchofthespringandautumn,aswellasthesummer,theinternalroomtemperaturewillbeseveraldegreeshigherthanthatoutside,anditwillbenecessarytoopenwindowsinordertoaugmentthemechanicalventilation.Unit1NotestotheText理由是，第一，人類能在一個(gè)濕度相當(dāng)大的范圍內(nèi)感到舒適，大約從60%到20%；第二，如果想在冬天保持一個(gè)較高的室內(nèi)溫度，蒸汽就會(huì)在單層的玻璃內(nèi)表面上冷凝成水。在句中，whythisisacceptablefirst

由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，why在定語從句中作原因狀語。如：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tcompletetheirproductionplanaccordingtoschedule.我們不知道他們?yōu)槭裁礇]按時(shí)完成生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。3、Therearetworeasonswhythisisacceptablefirst,humanbeingsarecomfortablewithinafairlylargerangeofhumidity,fromabout60percenttoabout20percentand,secondlytheuseofsingleglazingwillcausetheinnersurfacesofwindowstostreamwithcondensedmoistureifitisattemptedtomaintaintoohighahumidityinwinter.ExerciseDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext:1、Airconditioningisneededtoremove