授課主題第11講冠詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.使學(xué)生掌握冠詞的分類，定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的用法2.熟記常見的冠詞固定搭配教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：冠詞的分類，定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的用法難點(diǎn)：常見的冠詞固定搭配教學(xué)內(nèi)容知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、冠詞一、定義冠詞的意義：冠詞放在名詞前面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或事物。分類類別特點(diǎn)舉例不定冠詞不定冠詞是泛指，a/an是不定冠詞。用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前。Heisateacher.That’sanapple定冠詞定冠詞是特指，the是定冠詞。定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)之前。Themoonisbright.DoyouliketheredPencil？零冠詞在大部分抽象名詞或特定名詞前不加冠詞Nowpeoplearelivingahappylife.WehavenoclassesonSunday.▲具體用法：不定冠詞不定冠詞有a/an，用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，a用于輔音音素（并不一定是輔音字母）開頭的單詞前，如：apear,aball,asmallapple.an用于以元音音素（并不一定是元音字母）開頭的單詞前。如：anorange,anumbrella,anapple例：Thereisanapple,abananaandanorangeonthetable.不定冠詞的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：表示“一個(gè)”，意為one，如：“Apizza?ButIwantahamburger!”不定冠詞用來(lái)表示類別，指某一類人或某一類事物中的一個(gè)（泛指），如：Hisfatherisadoctor.(所有醫(yī)生中的一個(gè))IworkinamiddleschoolinBeijing.(所有北京中學(xué)中的一所)不定冠詞用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，可以表示它所在的全類（泛指）。如：AnEnglishteacherteachesthestudentsEnglish.(泛指英語(yǔ)老師的職責(zé))☆難點(diǎn)突破：有的名詞雖然首字母是元音，但并非是元音發(fā)音，因此也用a，如：ausefulbook一本有用的書；有時(shí)首字母是輔音，卻要用an，如：anhour，因?yàn)樽帜竓在本單詞中不發(fā)音。所以用a還是an是根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)發(fā)音是否是元音而定，而非字母本身?！眷柟叹毩?xí)1】Use“a/an”tofillintheblanks.Thereisnotebookonmydesk.Thereisbottleonthetable.–Whatdoyousee?–Iseeuniversity.Ittakesmehourtocleanmyroom.Whatsourorange!MayIhaveicecream?Look!Sheiswearinguniform.It’sdog.Waitmoment,please.MayIhavesecondtry?Keys：a;a;a;an;a;an;a;a;a;a定冠詞定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有“這（那）個(gè)”的意思，但較弱，可以和名詞連用，表示或某些特定的人或東西。定冠詞the的用法如下：用來(lái)表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。如：thesun,themoon,thesky,theearth,theworld.用于特指的東西。如：Thegirlinredismyfriend.用于表示方位的名詞前。如：Theeast,thesouth,thewest,themiddle,ontheleft.用于形容詞的最高級(jí)前或序數(shù)詞前。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.Thefirststoryiswrittenbymyfather.用于樂(lè)器詞前，但漢語(yǔ)拼音的樂(lè)器前不用冠詞。如：Playthepiano,playtheviolin,playerhu(二胡)用于復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前，表示這一家人。如：TheWhitesareathome.用于某些形容詞前，表示一類人或事物。如：Theold,thepoor,theyoung,therich,thesick一些固定搭配。如：inthemorning,inthecountry,inthemiddle,inthesun,intheworld零冠詞(1)節(jié)假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等通常用零冠詞：WehadagoodtimeonChristmasDay.我們?cè)谑フQ節(jié)過(guò)得很愉快。MondayesbeforeTuesday.星期二在星期一之后。HewasborninSeptember,1988.他出生在1988年9月。(2)球類、三餐、茶點(diǎn)等名詞前，通常用零冠詞：Weplaybasketballintheafternoon.我們下午打籃球。Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast?你早餐吃什么?TheywereatteawhenIcalled.我來(lái)訪時(shí)他們正在喝茶(吃茶點(diǎn))。(3)某些用介詞by構(gòu)成的表方式的短語(yǔ)通常用零冠詞：①表示乘坐交通工具：bybus乘公共汽車bybike(bicycle)騎自行車byplane/byair乘飛機(jī)byship(boat)坐船byland走陸路bysea走海路②表示用通訊或通信等方式：byphone用bytelegram用電報(bào)byletter用信件bypost用郵寄byradio用無(wú)線電byhand用手工【鞏固練習(xí)2】Fillintheblankswith“a,an,the,/”Thisisinkbottle.It’sempty.Thatisjam.It’smyjam.TomisAmericanboy.ThatgirlisRose.Chinaisoneofbiggestcountriesintheworld.I’minhospital.Mymotherisill.Howdoyougotoschool?Onfoot.DoyouhaveclassesonSunday.ProfessorWangisplayingfootballwithus.Canyouplayguitar?Whatistime?It’s5:30.Keys：1.a，/;2.a,/;3.a,/;4./,the;5the;6./,/;7/,/;8/,/;9the;10the用與不用冠詞的差異inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院里infrontof在……(外部的)前面inthefrontof在……(內(nèi)部的)前面takeplace發(fā)生taketheplace(of)代替gotoschool上學(xué)gototheschool到學(xué)校去nextyear明年thenextyear第二年ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家(一人)ateacherandawriter一位教師和一位作家(兩人)【鞏固練習(xí)3】Iprefergoingby_____seatogoingin_________train.A./,/B./,theC./,aD.the,a【答案】C【解析】考察冠詞的綜合使用?！癰y+交通工具”=“ina+交通工具”。Myfriend,Harry,hisfavoritesportisplaying______golf.A.aB.anC.the D./【答案】D【解析】考察零冠詞。球類、棋牌類前不加冠詞。Mygrandpausedtohave______walkinthegardenafter____supper.A.a,a B./,a C.a,/ D./,/【答案】C【解析】考察冠詞的綜合使用?！県aveawalk”散步（固定搭配），”supper”一日三餐前零冠詞?！猈hereisJack?—Ithinkheisstillin______bed,buthemightjustbein______bathroom.A./,/B.the,theC.the,/D./,the【答案】D【解析】零冠詞和定冠詞的區(qū)別?！癷nbed”臥床；“inthebathroom”在浴室。Danny'sgrandmotherisillin______hospital.He'llgotheretoseeherafterschool.A.anB.theC.aD./【答案】D【解析】零冠詞和定冠詞的區(qū)別?！癷nhospital”住院；“inthehospital”在醫(yī)院。句中提到“Danny'sgrandmotherisill”所以推斷出“住院”。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、閱讀C篇訓(xùn)練：Passage1:Agoodbreakfastisimportant.Youcaneasilyunderstandit.Bybreakfasttimeyouhavenoteatenanythingalmostabouttwelvehours.Yourbodyneedsfood.Oneg___1____breakfastshouldbericeorbread,aneggandmilk.Onac___2____morningacupofhotdrinkisnecessary.Youmustgetupearlytohavee___3____timetoeatbreakfast.Agoodbreakfasthelpsyoutosmilemoreeasily.Ithelpsyoutow____4____better.Yourwholed_5___willbemorefunafteryouhaveenjoyedagoodbreakfast.g_______________2.c_________________3.e_____________4.w______________5.d_____________Keys：goodcoldenoughworkdayPassage2:EveryMondayisusuallyaverybusytimeinShanghai.Peopleusuallyrush（匆忙）totheirjobs.Myfathergoestoworkbyt_______,sometimeshetakestheb________.Iusuallygotoschoolonf_______.ButsometimesItaketheschoolbus,andmymothergoestothebankbyu_____________.Thecityisalwaysverybusy.Therearealotofbicycles,vans，motorbikes（摩托車）andc_____ontheroad.It’sfulloftraffic(交通擁擠).Theymoveveryslowly.Keys：taxi/bus/foot/underground/cars一、選擇最佳答案Hisfatheris_______Englishteacher．Heworksinourschool．A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．／Shehas_______orangeskirt．_______skirtisnice．A．a(chǎn)；TheB．a(chǎn)n；TheC．a(chǎn)n；AD．the；TheTom,here’s_________appleforyou.Thankyou,Mom.”A.aB.anC.theD.／Lindaalwaystakes_______activepartinsportsafterschool. A./B.aC.anD.theErichas_____edogandhisnamesisHobo. A.aB.anC.theD./Iusuallygotoschoolby_____bus,butItook______taxitoschoolyesterday. A.the,a B./,a C.a,/ D.a,theThereis_______‘h’inthewordhour,and______‘h’isnotpronouncedinthisword. A.a,the B.the,the C.an,the D./,/Myfatherusuallyreadsmorningpapersbeforegoingto_______work. A.the B.a C.an D./Theoldladyteacheschildrentoplay_______pianoataweekendschool. A.a B.an C.the D./Excuseme.WhereisMr.Green’sofficeIt’son_______floor. A.seven B.theseven C.theseventh D.seventhKeys：15:BBBCB610:BCDCC二、用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空：1.Ihad__________lunchwith__________friendofmine.2.__________moonishighin__________sky.3.__________childrenareveryhappyon__________Children’sDay.4.There’s__________orangesweateron__________bed.__________sweaterisnice.5.OldJohnwentto__________townby__________buseverySaturday.6.Peterlikesplaying__________footballwhilehissisterlikesplaying__________piano7.Makeyourselfat__________home.8.Hergrandmotherhasbeenin__________hospitalfortwoweeks.9.WhereisMum?She’staking__________walkin__________garden.10.Mynextdoorneighborhas__________dogand__________cat._____dogiswhiteand________catisbrown.Keys：1./…a;2.The…the;3./…/;4.an…the…The;5.the…/;6./…the;7./;8./;9.a…the;10.a…a…The…the;根據(jù)要求改變句子：1.Isometimesplayballgameswithmyclassmates.(劃線提問(wèn))_______doyousometimes_________withyourclassmates?2.Samseessomerestaurantsonhiswaytoschool.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_______Samsee_______restaurantsonhiswaytoschool?3.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.(改成一般疑問(wèn)句)______________fivepeopleinyourfamily?Iamgoodatplayingthepiano.(劃線部分提問(wèn))________________yougoodatdoing?Everymorning,myfathergoestoworkbycar.(劃線部分提問(wèn))________________yourfathergotoworkeverymorning?works,very,hospital,she,in,big,a(連詞成句)_________________________________________________________Keys:What,dodoesanyArethereWhatareHowdoesSheworksinaverybighospital.閱讀短文，根據(jù)句意和首字母提示填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，要求每線一詞，內(nèi)容通順：DearSally,Thisismyf 1 dayinBeijing.Iarriveda 210o'clockthismorning,andIdon'twanttogooutthisa3 ,becauseIwanttohavearest.Andtomorrow,myfriendsandIaregoingtovisittheG4Wall.Itmustbeverytiring.I'lls5inBeijingf6 twoweeks.I'llvisitallmyrelatives.WhenIc7 back,I'llshowyoutheirphotos.Seeyouthen!Yours,Lucy1.f 2.a 3.a 4.G __________5.s_________6.f 7.c Keys:1.first2.at3.afternoon4.Great5.stay6.for7eWhatdidyoulearntoday？Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutourlessons？PleaseletmeknowyouropinionsaboutitandIwilldomybesttoperfectit.Thanks!Ⅰ.Fillintheblankswith"a,an".(用a,an或the，不需要的地方用/表示) oldcoat umbrella strongtiger hour deerKeys:1.an2.an3.a4./5.a6.an7.an8.an9./10.aⅡ. Fillintheblankswith"a,an,the".(用a,an或the，不需要的用/表示)Ihave dressispink.Thereis uniformonthechair.Sueis Americangirl.She'sfrom Thereis pencilin myhand.IsJudyplaying violin? Wangsarevisiting GreatWall.Thisis milk.That's milkbottle.Weliveon ninthfloor. SaturdayIoftengotothesupermarketwithmyparents. Thisis strawberryjam. jamissweet. onlychildhasnobrothersorsisters. Wecansee roundmooninthesky.Keys:1.a,The2.a3.an,/4.a,/5.the6.The,the7./,a8.the9./10./,The11.An12.the閱讀練習(xí):根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確的答案，將字母代號(hào)寫在括號(hào)內(nèi)Nowboysandgirls,I’vesomethingtotellyou.TomorrowisFriday.It’souropenday.Yourfatherandmothercanetovisitourschool.Theywillgettoourschoolataquartertonine.Theywillgototheclassroomfirst.Theywillsitintheclassroomtowatchthelessonsforfortyminutes.Thentheywillgototheplayground.TheboysofGradeFivearegoingtohaveabasketballmatchfortheparents.Ataquarterpasteleven,theparentsaregoingtohaveameetinginthelibrary.Inthelibrarytheycanhaveteaandbiscuits.Theteacherswilltalkwiththem.Ofcoursetheycanalsoaskquestionsabouttheirchildrenoraboutourschool.Wewillhavehalfadayforyourparents.1.Todayis________.A.Friday B.Saturday C.Thursday2.Theparentswillarrive(到達(dá))atschoolat________.A.9:15 B.8:45 C:8:153.Th