英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：同位語(yǔ)從句專題精講及練習(xí)題（60題）同位語(yǔ)從句專題精講及練習(xí)題一、同位語(yǔ)從句的基本概念顧名思義，“同位語(yǔ)”就是相同地位和作用的語(yǔ)法成分，都是在句中處于同樣的語(yǔ)法地位。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種，用于對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞（如fact,news,idea,thought,question,doubt,belief等）進(jìn)行解釋、說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。（注：名詞性從句四類：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）千萬(wàn)記住，同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，一般是抽象名詞，其同位語(yǔ)從句的是對(duì)抽你

結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：抽象名詞

+

連接詞

+

從句（從句成分完整，連接詞不充當(dāng)主句句子成分）。連接詞：that（最常用，無(wú)意義，不可省略）、whether（是否）、what/when/where/why/how（在從句中作成分，有具體意義）。二、分類詳解（一）主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句定義：當(dāng)抽象名詞作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的同位語(yǔ)從句即為“主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句”。此時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，將真正的主語(yǔ)（抽象名詞+同位語(yǔ)從句）后置。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.抽象名詞（主語(yǔ)）+

同位語(yǔ)從句

+

謂語(yǔ)例：Thefactthattheearthisroundisknowntoall.（地球是圓的這一事實(shí)眾所周知。）2.It+

謂語(yǔ)

+

抽象名詞

+

同位語(yǔ)從句（it為形式主語(yǔ)）例：Itisapitythatyoumissedthelecture.（你錯(cuò)過(guò)了講座，真是遺憾。）注意：-

常用作主語(yǔ)的抽象名詞：fact,news,truth,idea,belief,doubt,question等。-

連接詞that不可省略，whether可引導(dǎo)表“疑問(wèn)”的主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句，不可用if替代。（二）賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句定義：當(dāng)抽象名詞作句子賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的同位語(yǔ)從句即為“賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句”。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

+

抽象名詞（賓語(yǔ)）+

同位語(yǔ)從句例：Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.（我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。）注意：-

常用作賓語(yǔ)的抽象名詞：news,word,message,fact,idea,promise等。-

賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句前的抽象名詞可接在及物動(dòng)詞（如hear,know,learn,say等）或介詞（如about,of等）后。-

連接詞that在賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句中同樣不可省略，whether/what等根據(jù)句意選用。三、易混點(diǎn)辨析：同位語(yǔ)從句

vs

定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句作用

解釋名詞的具體內(nèi)容

修飾名詞，說(shuō)明“…的”

連接詞that無(wú)意義，不充當(dāng)成分

that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，可省略先行詞多為抽象名詞（表事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)等）可指人、物、時(shí)間等

例

Thenewsthatheleftistrue.Thenewsthathetoldistrue.

四、同位語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系既然同位語(yǔ)從句分為主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)同位從句，那么么同位語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句存在極其密切的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系：基本可這樣簡(jiǎn)便理解，一切如此簡(jiǎn)單：（一）在名稱上，主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句去掉“同位語(yǔ)”三個(gè)字就成了主語(yǔ)從句；在實(shí)際句子中，把作為先行詞的“抽象名詞”去掉，主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句就成了主語(yǔ)從名。主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句Thefactthatheisagoodstudentisknowntoall.（“Thefact”是先行詞，“thatheisagoodstudent”是主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)“fact”進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。）去掉先行詞變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)從句Thatheisagoodstudentisknowntoall.（此時(shí)“thatheisagoodstudent”整體作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞“that”不可省略。）主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamespreadquickly.（“Thenews”是先行詞，“thatourteamhaswonthegame”是對(duì)“news”解釋的主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句。）去掉先行詞變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)從句Thatourteamhaswonthegamespreadquickly.（“thatourteamhaswonthegame”充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)。）（二）在名稱上，賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句去提“同位語(yǔ)”三個(gè)字就成了賓語(yǔ)從句；在實(shí)際句子中，把作為先行詞的“抽象名詞”去掉，賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句就成了賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句Shegavemetheimpressionthatshewasveryshy.（“theimpression”是先行詞，“thatshewasveryshy”是賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明“impression”的具體內(nèi)容。）去掉先行詞變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句Shegavemethatshewasveryshy.（同樣不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，正確表述比如：Shetoldmethatshewasveryshy.“thatshewasveryshy”作“told”的賓語(yǔ)從句，再次體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中需調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)。）需要注意的是，在將賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常需要搭配合適的及物動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樵渲匈e語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)與一般及物動(dòng)詞加賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同，單純?nèi)サ粝刃性~往往不能直接構(gòu)成正確的賓語(yǔ)從句，需根據(jù)語(yǔ)義調(diào)整動(dòng)詞等成分。賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句Ihavenoideathathewillcomebacktomorrow.（“idea”是先行詞，“thathewillcomebacktomorrow”是賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋“idea”的內(nèi)容。）去掉先行詞變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句Ihavenothathewillcomebacktomorrow.（這種表述不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，正確表述應(yīng)為：Idon'tknowthathewillcomebacktomorrow.“thathewillcomebacktomorrow”作“know”的賓語(yǔ)從句，這里為了展示從賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句到賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程，先分析原結(jié)構(gòu)變化，實(shí)際表達(dá)需調(diào)整動(dòng)詞。）專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題（60道）一、主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句（30道）1.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.This

C.That

D.It2.Theidea______theearthisflatwasoncewidelyheld.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether3.Itisourbelief______cloningofhumansshouldbeforbidden.A.thatB.what

C.whether

D.which4.______thepresidentwillcometoourschoolisnotyetknown.A.ThatB.Whether

C.If

D.What5.Thefact______hedidn’tseeLaoLiyesterdayistrue.A.whichB.that

C.when

D.what6.It’sapity______youcan’tcometotheparty.A.thatB.what

C.how

D.whether7.______hesucceededinpassingtheexammadehisparentshappy.A.WhatB.That

C.How

D.Whether8.Thequestion______weneedmoretimetofinishtheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what9.Itisstillunknown______causedtheaccident.A.thatB.what

C.how

D.when10.Thenews______ourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedeveryone.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.how11.______hewillgoabroadforfurtherstudyiscertain.A.ThatB.Whether

C.If

D.What12.It’samystery______theancientcitydisappearedsuddenly.A.thatB.why

C.what

D.how13.Thebelief______allroadsleadtoRomeissharedbymanypeople.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether14.______themeetingwillbeheldnextweekisnotdecided.A.ThatB.Whether

C.If

D.What15.Itisatruth______themoonmovesaroundtheearth.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.how16.Theidea______wecanlearnEnglishwellinsixmonthsisnotpractical.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.whether17.______shewillattendtheceremonydependsonherhealth.A.ThatB.If

C.Whether

D.What18.Itisstrange______hedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.what

C.why

D.how19.Thefact______heisagoodstudentisknowntousall.A.whichB.that

C.when

D.where20.______wewillhaveapicnictomorrowdependsontheweather.A.ThatB.Whether

C.If

D.What21.Itisimportant______weshouldprotecttheenvironment.A.thatB.what

C.how

D.whether22.Thequestion______weneedtobuymorebookshasbeenanswered.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what23.______hehasleftforBeijingistrue.A.WhatB.That

C.Whether

D.How24.Itisawonder______theyfinishedtheworksoquickly.A.thatB.how

C.what

D.why25.Thebelief______hardworkleadstosuccessisdeeplyrootedinhim.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether26.______theprojectwillbecompletedontimeisstillaproblem.A.ThatB.Whether

C.If

D.What27.Itisclear______hedoesn’tunderstandthequestion.A.thatB.what

C.why

D.how28.Thenews______ourschoolwillbuildanewlibraryisexciting.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.when29.______hefailedtheexamagainmadehisteacherangry.A.ThatB.What

C.How

D.Whether30.Itisafact______exerciseisgoodforhealth.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.whether二、賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句（30道）31.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwonthematch.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.how32.Shetoldmethetruth______shehadliedtomebefore.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether33.Ihavenoidea______hewillcomeback.A.thatB.when

C.which

D.what34.Heexpressedthehope______hewouldvisitChinaagain.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether35.Didyougetthemessage______shecouldn’tcome?A.whichB.that

C.what

D.why36.Theydiscussedthequestion______theyshouldclosethefactory.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what37.Ihaveadoubt______hewillkeephispromise.A.thatB.whether

C.what

D.which38.Sheaskedmethequestion______Ihadfinishedmyhomework.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what39.Hetoldusthestory______hehadmetafamousstar.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.how40.Weallknowthefact______theearthisround.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.when41.Ireceivedaletter______mybrotherwouldcometoseeme.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.why42.Theyhavenoidea______thethiefescaped.A.thatB.how

C.which

D.what43.Shemadeapromise______shewouldhelpus.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether44.Idon’tknowthenews______hehasresigned.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.when45.Heraisedthequestion______weshouldstarttheproject.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what46.Weheardthereport______thecitywasflooded.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.why47.Ihaveafeeling______somethingbadwillhappen.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether48.Theytalkedabouttheproblem______theycouldsolveit.A.thatB.how

C.which

D.what49.Shetoldmeherdecision______shewouldstudyabroad.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether50.Irememberthefact______hewaslateforschoolyesterday.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.when51.Hehasnoidea______themeetingwillbegin.A.thatB.when

C.which

D.what52.Wegottheinformation______theplanewouldtakeoffat8pm.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.why53.Sheexpressedthewish______shecouldflylikeabird.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether54.Idon’tbelievethestory______hewonthelottery.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.how55.Theydiscussedtheplan______theywouldgocamping.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what56.Ihaveaquestion______thisbookisworthreading.A.thatB.whether

C.what

D.which57.Hetoldusthenews______hisfatherhadrecovered.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.when58.Weallsharethebelief______tomorrowwillbebetter.A.thatB.which

C.what

D.whether59.Sheaskedtheteacherthequestion______theanswerwascorrect.A.thatB.if

C.whether

D.what60.Iknowthefact______youhavebeenworkinghard.A.whichB.that

C.what

D.why參考答案一、主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句（1-30題）1.答案：D解析：句中“afact”后接同位語(yǔ)從句解釋內(nèi)容，為避免頭重腳輕，用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是“thefactthat...”，故選D。2.答案：A解析：抽象名詞“theidea”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句成分完整，用that連接（無(wú)意義），故選A。3.答案：A解析：“ourbelief”后接同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明具體內(nèi)容，從句完整，用that，故選A。4.答案：B解析：從句表達(dá)“是否”含義，且位于句首（主語(yǔ)位置），只能用whether（if不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句），故選B。5.答案：B解析：“thefact”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。6.答案：A解析：it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是“thatyoucan’tcome...”，從句完整，用that，故選A。7.答案：B解析：從句“hesucceeded...”是完整的陳述句，作主語(yǔ)，用that連接（無(wú)意義），故選B。8.答案：C解析：“thequestion”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“是否需要更多時(shí)間”，用whether，故選C。9.答案：B解析：從句缺少主語(yǔ)（“什么導(dǎo)致了事故”），用what（在從句中作主語(yǔ)），故選B。10.答案：B解析：“thenews”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。11.答案：A解析：從句是完整的陳述句（“他將出國(guó)深造”），作主語(yǔ)，用that，故選A。12.答案：B解析：“amystery”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“為什么古城突然消失”，用why（在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)），故選B。13.答案：A解析：“thebelief”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選A。14.答案：B解析：從句表達(dá)“是否下周開(kāi)會(huì)”，主語(yǔ)從句中表“是否”用whether，故選B。15.答案：A解析：“atruth”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選A。16.答案：B解析：“theidea”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。17.答案：C解析：從句表達(dá)“是否參加典禮”，主語(yǔ)從句中用whether，故選C。18.答案：A解析：it作形式主語(yǔ)，從句“hedidn’tcome...”是完整陳述句，用that，故選A。19.答案：B解析：“thefact”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。20.答案：B解析：從句表達(dá)“是否明天野餐”，主語(yǔ)從句用whether，故選B。21.答案：A解析：it作形式主語(yǔ)，從句“weshouldprotect...”是完整陳述句，用that，故選A。22.答案：C解析：“thequestion”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“是否需要買更多書”，用whether，故選C。23.答案：B解析：從句“hehasleft...”是完整陳述句，作主語(yǔ)，用that，故選B。24.答案：B解析：“awonder”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“他們?nèi)绾慰焖偻瓿晒ぷ鳌?，用how（作方式狀語(yǔ)），故選B。25.答案：A解析：“thebelief”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選A。26.答案：B解析：從句表達(dá)“項(xiàng)目是否按時(shí)完成”，主語(yǔ)從句用whether，故選B。27.答案：A解析：it作形式主語(yǔ)，從句“hedoesn’tunderstand...”是完整陳述句，用that，故選A。28.答案：B解析：“thenews”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。29.答案：A解析：從句“hefailed...”是完整陳述句，作主語(yǔ)，用that，故選A。30.答案：B解析：“afact”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。二、賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句（31-60題）31.答案：B解析：“thenews”作heard的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。32.答案：A解析：“thetruth”作told的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選A。33.答案：B解析：“noidea”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“他何時(shí)回來(lái)”，用when（作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），故選B。34.答案：A解析：“thehope”作expressed的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選A。35.答案：B解析：“themessage”作get的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用that，故選B。36.答案：C解析：“thequestion”作discussed的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“是否關(guān)閉工廠”，用whether，故選C。37.答案：B解析：“adoubt”后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“是否會(huì)遵守承諾”，用whether（doubt后接從句表疑問(wèn)時(shí)用whether），故選B。38.答案：C解析：“thequestion”作asked的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“是否完成作業(yè)”，用whether（賓語(yǔ)從句中表“是否”可用if，但同位語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether），故選C。39.答案：A解析：“thestory”作told的賓語(yǔ)，后接同位語(yǔ)從句，從句完整，用tha