巴彥淖爾市2023—2024學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一期末考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillTomdonext?A.Takeexercise.B.Cutthegrass.C.Handinhishomework.2.Howmuchdidthewomanpayfortheplant?A.$50.B.$200.C.$250.3.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Annoyed.B.Tired.C.Hungry.4.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Giveheradvice.B.Buyheradress.C.Respectherchoice.5.Whereisprobablythewoman?A.Atthegym.B.Atthedentist’s.C.Atthehairdresser’s.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomanstudyincollege?A.Math.B.puter.C.Writing.7.Whatwillthewomandothisweekend?A.Holdaparty.B.Findajob.C.Readamagazine.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhoisJane?A.Thewoman’syoungersister.B.Thewoman’soldersister.C.Theman’syoungersister.9.Whatcoloristheman’shair?A.Red.B.Black.C.Yellow.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Parentandchild.11.Whatisunacceptableintheboy’shouse?A.WatchingTV.B.Doingsports.C.Usingcellphones.12.Whatdoestheboythinkofthenewrulenow?A.Itisgood.B.Itisboring.C.Itisunfair.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdidGarydotoday?A.Hewroteapopsong.BHelistenedtomusic.C.HevisitedhisEnglishteacher.14.WhendidGarybeeinterestedinpopsongs?AIncollege.B.Inseniorhighschool.C.Injuniorhighschool.15.WhatexperiencedidGaryhavewithhisfavouritesinger?A.Heplannedherconcert.B.Hetookaphotowithher.C.Heboughtagiftforher.16.WhatwillCathydothissummer?A.Takeanexam.B.Studymusic.C.Meetherfavouritesinger.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Customers.B.Managers.C.Employees.18.Whatdothelistenersreceive?A.Afreelunch.B.Somemoney.C.Agift.19.Whatwillhappenifsomeonedoesn’tfinishtheworkthreetimes?A.Heorshewillbefired.B.Heorshewillgetfined.C.Heorshewillgetawarning.20.Whydothecustomerswantamagazine?A.Thecheapestproductshavebeenshowninit.B.Theinformationonthewebsiteisunclear.C.They’dliketoknowmoreaboutthepany.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGettyisaleadingglobalartsorganizationfocusedonexhibiting,andunderstandingtheworld’sartisticandculturalheritage.Herearesomeoftheexhibitionsthatwillbeheldin2024.PaperandLightArtistshaveforcenturiesexploredtheinteraction(相互作用)ofpaperandlight,Thisexhibitionofdrawingschartssomeofthecreativewaysinwhichthetwomediawerecreativelyusedtogether.Drawingsbymoremodernartistswillshowtherepresentationoflight.Nineteenth—CenturyPhotographyNowThesmall,sepiatoned(棕褐色調(diào)的)imagesmadeinthe19thcenturymayappearremoteandunconnectedtothepresent.However,manyofthetraditionsestablishedduringtheearlyriseofphotographictechnologyarestillinusetoday.ThisexhibitionprovidesfreshviewsonGetty’scollectionof19thcenturyphotographythroughtheworksofcontemporaryartistswhoresponddirectlytoitshistoricalthemes.DutchDepictionsofExtremeWeatherFeaturingdrawingsandpaintingsbyHendrickAvercampandotherDutchartistsoftheearly1600s,thisexhibitionfocusesonlandscapesthathighlightextremelycoldwintersandunusuallycoolsummers.Ittellsastoryofglobalcoolinginthe17thcenturyandshowshowartistsstressedtheuncertaintyoflifeandthenecessityforadaptationthroughtheirdescriptionsoficeskatingandfishing.ExperimentsinArtandTechnology(E.A.T.)Thisexhibitiontellsthestoryofamid20thcenturycooperation(合作)betweenartistsandengineerstoformthegroupExperimentsinArtandTechnology(E.A.T.).Thegroup’spioneeringeffortstoimprovemunicationandcooperationpusheditsprogramsbeyondtheartworld.1.WhatisthefeatureoftheDutchDepictionsofExtremeWeather?A.Interactionofpaperandlight.B.Smallandsepiatonedimages.C.Landscapesofcoldwintersandcoolsummers.D.Explorationofphotographictechnology.2Whichexhibitiontellsthestoryofacooperationbetweenartistsandengineers?A.PaperandLight.B.DutchDepictionsofExtremeWeather.C.ExperimentsinArtandTechnology(E.A.T.).D.NineteenthCenturyPhotographyNow.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?ATomentonGetty. B.Todiscussphotography.C.Tostressartisticcooperation. D.Tointroduceexhibitions.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了將于2024年舉行的一些展覽。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DutchDepictionsofExtremeWeather這一部分中“FeaturingdrawingsandpaintingsbyHendrickAvercampandotherDutchartistsoftheearly1600s,thisexhibitionfocusesonlandscapesthathighlightextremelycoldwintersandunusuallycoolsummers.(本次展覽以HendrickAvercamp和其他17世紀(jì)早期荷蘭藝術(shù)家的繪畫(huà)作品為特色，重點(diǎn)展示了極端寒冷的冬季和異常涼爽的夏季的風(fēng)景)”可知，其主要特征是展示了極端寒冷的冬季和涼爽夏季的風(fēng)景。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ExperimentsinArtandTechnology(E.A.T.)這一部分中“Thisexhibitiontellsthestoryofamid20thcenturycooperation(合作)betweenartistsandengineerstoformthegroupExperimentsinArtandTechnology(E.A.T.).(本次展覽講述了20世紀(jì)中期藝術(shù)家和工程師組成藝術(shù)與技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)小組(E.A.T.)的合作故事)”可知，ExperimentsinArtandTechnology(E.A.T.)展示了藝術(shù)家和工程師之間的合作。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Herearesomeoftheexhibitionsthatwillbeheldin2024.(以下是將于2024年舉行的一些展覽)”可知，本文的目的是介紹將在2024舉行的一些展覽。故選D。BDakenKramermayonlybe11yearsoldanditwashislastyearatThomasUlticanElementary(TUE).KnowingthatTUEhasahighnumberofstudentswhoefromeconomically(在經(jīng)濟(jì)上)challengedhomes,hedecidedtodealwiththeproblemheadon.AccordingtotheBlueSpringsSchoolDistrict,alunchcosts$2.55witha40centreductionforstudentsinneed.Butevenwiththereduction,itisstilltoobigaeconomicalburden(負(fù)擔(dān))forsomefamilies.So,wantingtoreducetheirstress,hestartedafundraisercalled“DakenFeedsTUE”toclearthelunchdebt(債務(wù)).Dakentooktosocialmediatospreadtheword,postingavideoonhismother,VanessaKramer’swebsitepage.Itturnsoutthathe’snotjustareallykindkid,he’salsoaprettypersuasivesalespersonaswell.Hisoriginalgoalwas$3,500butwhenwordgotaround,donationscamepouringin.Withintwoweeks,he’dalreadydoubledit.Daken’sactionsinspiredtheschooltoestablishanawardinDaken’shonor,tobegiventofuturefifthgraderswhofollowhisleadandstruggletomakeadifference.Histeacher,KristiHaley,announcedthe“DakenKramerLegacyAward”athisgrade5graduation.“Ididnotexpectit,”Dakensaid.Headdeditfeltgoodtohearabouttheaward.Daken’sfundraisermadeadifferenceinhismunitybutitalsoshowedalargerissue—theproblemwithschoollunchdebt.BlueSpringsSchoolDistrictspokesperson,KatieWoolf,toldCNNthatmealdebttotalsmorethan$235,000inherdistrictalone.Andmealdebtisreachingunprecedented(前所未有的)heightsacrosstheUnitedStates.ArecentsurveyfromtheSchoolNutritionAssociationfoundschooldistrictshavemorethan$17millioninunpaidmealdebt.4.WhydidDakenstart“DakenFeedsTUE”?A.Hedecidedtoraisemoneyfornewschoolsupplies.B.HewantedtohelpsomestudentswithlunchdebtatTUE.C.Hewishedtoorganizeaschooleventforhisclassmates.D.Heaimedtofundaschooltripforthefifthgraders.5.Whatwasthepeople’sresponsetoDaken’sfundraiser?A.Theyactivelysupportedit. B.Theymisunderstoodit.C.Theywereamazedatit. D.Theywereunconcernedaboutit.6.HowdidDakenfeelabouttheaward?A.Disappointed. B.Surprised. C.Embarrassed. D.Doubtful.7.Whyarethedatalistedinthelastparagraph?A.TopraiseDaken’seffortsforschoollunchdebt.B.Tohighlighttheseriousnessofschoollunchdebt.C.Toparethelunchdebtbetweendifferentschools.D.Toexplainthereasonfortheappearanceoflunchdebt.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了Daken幫助許多來(lái)自貧困家庭的學(xué)生償還債務(wù)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“So,wantingtoreducetheirstress,hestartedafundraisercalled“DakenFeedsTUE”toclearthelunchdebt(債務(wù)).(所以，為了減輕他們的壓力，他發(fā)起了一個(gè)名為“DakenFeedsTUE”的籌款活動(dòng)，以償還午餐債務(wù))”可知，Daken創(chuàng)立這個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的是為了幫助貧困學(xué)生償還午餐債務(wù)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hisoriginalgoalwas$3,500butwhenwordgotaround,donationscamepouringin.Withintwoweeks,he’dalreadydoubledit(他最初的目標(biāo)是3500美元，但消息傳開(kāi)后，捐款如潮水般涌來(lái)。在兩周內(nèi)，他已經(jīng)翻了一倍)”可推知，大家積極參與捐款，這是對(duì)Daken的支持。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Iwasnotexpectedit(我沒(méi)有預(yù)料到)”可推知，Daken沒(méi)想到自己會(huì)得獎(jiǎng)，所以是驚訝的態(tài)度。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Daken’sfundraisermadeadifferenceinhismunitybutitalsoshowedalargerissue—theproblemwithschoollunchdebt(Daken的籌款活動(dòng)對(duì)他所在的社區(qū)產(chǎn)生了影響，但也顯示了一個(gè)更大的問(wèn)題——學(xué)校午餐債務(wù)問(wèn)題)”可知，學(xué)校債務(wù)問(wèn)題非常嚴(yán)重。通過(guò)后文所給予的數(shù)字，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。故選B。CFlamingo(火烈鳥(niǎo))imagesareeverywhereinFlorida,ontouristTshirts,hotelnames,andtheFloridaLottery.However,realpinkflamingoshavebeenmostlygonefromthestatesincetheearly1900s,whenhuntersnearlywipedthemout,seekingtheirstylishandvaluablefeathers(羽毛).Now,however,flamingosseemtobereturningtoFlorida.Birdersrecorded101wildAmericanflamingosightingsacrossthestateinFebruary,accordingtorecentlyreleasedfiguresfromAudubonFlorida.EnvironmentalistsbelievemanyofthesebirdswerecarriedintothestateonthewindsofstorminAugust2023.FlamingoshavelandedinFloridaafterstormsinthepast,buttheyusuallydon’tstayfortoolong.Thistime,birdersandwildlifebiologistsallhopethatthecreaturescanstaythere.Inrecentdecades,peoplehavesometimesseenflamingosinFlorida,includingawellknownflamingonamedConchy,whowasrescuedfromanairportintheFloridaKeysin2015.ThedatashowedConchymovedalloverthesouthernpartofthestate,teachingscientistsmoreaboutflamingosinFloridaintwoyearsthanwasknownintheprevious100years,writesLoriRozsa.Meanwhile,environmentalistshavebeenworkingtorestore(恢復(fù))thelocalwetlandhabitats(棲息地).IntheCaribbeanandMexico,protectioneffortshavealsohelpedincreasethenumberofflamingopopulations.Now,thoseeffortsseemtobepayingoff.Thisyear,forecastersarepredictingaparticularlybadstormsseason.ItremainstobeseenwhatthatwillmeanforFlorida’sburgeoningflamingopopulation—andotherbirdspecies,morebroadly.Theremaybeafewsilverlinings,however.AfterstormsinSeptember2022,thenumberofshorebirdsfoundwrappedindangerousfishinglinedroppedby58percentinsouthwestFlorida,sincefishingpiersweredestroyedinthestorm.“WeneverwelestormshereinFlorida,butwedidwelesomepassengers,”JerryLorenz,directorofresearchforAudubonFloridasaid.8.WhatmadepinkflamingosalmostdisappearfromFloridainthe1900s?A.Thelossofhabitat. B.Tourismindustry.C.Theoverhuntingfortheirfeathers. D.Frequentstorms.9.WhatdoweknowaboutConchyfromparagraph3?A.ItwasbornintheFloridaKeys.B.ItwasfoundinazooinsouthernFlorida.C.Itneverlefttheareawhereitwasrescued.D.Itgavescientistsinsightsintoflamingos’behavior.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“silverlinings”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Somethingeasy. B.Somethinggood.C.Somethingpopular. D.Somethinginteresting.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheImpactofStormsonFlorida’sEcosystemB.ClimateChangeandItsEffectsonFlamingosC.ThePinkPhenomenon:Flamingos’ImpactonFlorida’sCultureD.FlamingosReturntoFlorida:HopeAfterDecadesofAbsence【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述了火烈鳥(niǎo)在佛羅里達(dá)滅絕之后，在人類的幫助下重回佛羅里達(dá)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“However,realpinkflamingoshavebeenmostlygonefromthestatesincetheearly1900s,whenhuntersnearlywipedthemout,seekingtheirstylishandvaluablefeathers(然而，自20世紀(jì)初以來(lái)，真正的粉紅色火烈鳥(niǎo)已經(jīng)從該州消失了，當(dāng)時(shí)獵人為了尋找它們時(shí)尚而珍貴的羽毛，幾乎將它們消滅了)”可知，獵人過(guò)度捕獵火烈鳥(niǎo)的羽毛導(dǎo)致其消失。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThedatashowedConchymovedalloverthesouthernpartofthestate,teachingscientistsmoreaboutflamingosinFloridaintwoyearsthanwasknownintheprevious100years,writesLoriRozsa.(洛里·羅莎寫(xiě)道，數(shù)據(jù)顯示，Conchy在佛羅里達(dá)州的南部地區(qū)到處移動(dòng)，這兩年里教給科學(xué)家的關(guān)于佛羅里達(dá)州火烈鳥(niǎo)的知識(shí)比過(guò)去100年里所知道的還要多)”可知，Conchy給科學(xué)家們帶來(lái)了很多關(guān)于火烈鳥(niǎo)的知識(shí)。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)所猜詞后“AfterstormsinSeptember2022,thenumberofshorebirdsfoundwrappedindangerousfishinglinedroppedby58percentinsouthwestFlorida,sincefishingpiersweredestroyedinthestorm(在2022年9月的風(fēng)暴之后，在佛羅里達(dá)州西南部發(fā)現(xiàn)的被危險(xiǎn)魚(yú)線包裹的濱鳥(niǎo)數(shù)量下降了58%，因?yàn)椴遏~(yú)碼頭在風(fēng)暴中被摧毀)”可知，風(fēng)暴將捕漁碼頭摧毀，從而讓很多被魚(yú)線所困住的鳥(niǎo)被釋放。由此推知，風(fēng)暴也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些好處。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Now,however,flamingosseemtobereturningtoFlorida(然而，現(xiàn)在烈鳥(niǎo)似乎回到佛羅里達(dá))”可知，本文主要講述了火烈鳥(niǎo)在弗羅里達(dá)滅絕之后，在人類的幫助下重回佛羅里達(dá)。故選D。DThebeliefthatfailureleadstosuccessmaybebothinaccurateanddamagingtosociety,accordingtoresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Researchersconducted11experimentswithmorethan1,800participantsacrossmanyfieldsandparednationalstatistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字)totheparticipants’responses.Inoneexperiment,participantsgreatlyoverestimated(高估)thepercentageoffuturenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”saidleadresearcherLaurenEskreisWinkler.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredicts(預(yù)測(cè))futurebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitestosucceedingafterfailure.”Insomeexperiments,participantswronglyassumedthatpeoplepayattentiontotheirmistakesandlearnfromthem.Inonetest,nursesoverestimatedhowmuchtheircolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.“Peopleoftenconfuserealitywithwhatoughttobe,”EskreisWinklersaid.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tdosobecausefailuremakepeoplelosemotivation(動(dòng)力).”Whiletellingpeopletheywilldirectlysucceedafterfailuremaymakethemfeelbetter,thattheideacandamagerealworldresults.Inoneexperiment,participantsassumedthatheartpatientswouldaccepthealthierlifestyles,butinreality,manyofthemdon’t.Peoplewhobelievethatproblemswillselfcorrectafterfailurearelessmotivatedtohelpthoseinneed.Whywouldweinvesttimeormoneytohelpstrugglingpopulationsifwemistakenlybelievethattheywillrightthemselves?Failureisnormal.However,peopleneedtoreadjusttheirexpectationswhengiveninformationaboutthelimitedbenefitsoffailure.Andtakepositivemeasurestosupportthosewhohavefacedchallenges.12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byprovidingaresearchresult. B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Byimaginingascene. D.Bygivinganexample.13.Whydopeopleoftenfailtolearnfromtheirmistakesaccordingtothetext?A.Theytendtoforgettheirmistakes.B.Theylacktheopportunitytolearn.C.Theybelievefailureisanegativeexperience.D.Theyassumepastsuccesspredictsfuturesuccess.14.Whatdoestheauthormainlytrytodointhelastparagraph?A.Makeapromise. B.Givewarnings. C.Presentafact. D.Offeradvice.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Benefitsoffailureareoverestimated. B.Benefitsoffailurearelimited.C.Failuremakespeoplelosemotivation. D.Failureleadstosuccess.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究表明失敗導(dǎo)致成功的信念可能既不準(zhǔn)確又對(duì)社會(huì)有害?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thebeliefthatfailureleadstosuccessmaybebothinaccurateanddamagingtosociety,accordingtoresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.(根據(jù)美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，失敗導(dǎo)致成功的信念可能既不準(zhǔn)確，也對(duì)社會(huì)有害)”可知，作者是通過(guò)提供一個(gè)研究結(jié)果來(lái)引出話題的。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Peopleoftenconfuserealitywithwhatoughttobe,”EskreisWinklersaid.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tdosobecausefailuremakepeoplelosemotivation.”(EskreisWinkler說(shuō):“人們經(jīng)常混淆現(xiàn)實(shí)和應(yīng)該是什么。人們應(yīng)該關(guān)注失敗并從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，但他們往往不這樣做，因?yàn)槭∈谷藗兪?dòng)力。)”可知，人們往往不會(huì)從錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為失敗是一種消極的經(jīng)歷。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Failureisnormal.However,peopleneedtoreadjusttheirexpectationswhengiveninformationaboutthelimitedbenefitsoffailure.Andtakepositivemeasurestosupportthosewhohavefacedchallenges.(失敗是正常的。然而，當(dāng)人們被告知失敗的有限好處時(shí)，他們需要重新調(diào)整他們的預(yù)期。并采取積極措施支持那些面臨挑戰(zhàn)的人)”可知，文章最后一段作者提供了一些面對(duì)失敗的建議。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thebeliefthatfailureleadstosuccessmaybebothinaccurateanddamagingtosociety,accordingtoresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.(根據(jù)美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，失敗導(dǎo)致成功的信念可能既不準(zhǔn)確，也對(duì)社會(huì)有害)”及第二段““Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”saidleadresearcherLaurenEskreisWinkler.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredicts(預(yù)測(cè))futurebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitestosucceedingafterfailure.”(首席研究員勞倫·埃斯克瑞斯溫克勒說(shuō):“人們往往認(rèn)為失敗會(huì)帶來(lái)成功，但實(shí)際情況并非如此。人們通常認(rèn)為過(guò)去的行為可以預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的行為，所以令人驚訝的是，當(dāng)涉及到失敗后的成功時(shí)，我們往往相信相反的想法?！?”可知，本文講述了美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究表明失敗導(dǎo)致成功的信念可能既不準(zhǔn)確又對(duì)社會(huì)有害，因此，失敗的益處被高估了，A選項(xiàng)符合文章大意。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Humansaresocialcreatures,whichiswhywefeellonelyfromtimetotime,forexample,aftermovingtoanewschoolorwhenachildleavesforcollege.____16____.Thispersistent(持續(xù)存在的)emotioncanharmtheirhealthandevenchangetheirbrains.Howcanasubjective(主觀的)feelinglikelonelinesshavesuchagreateffectonthebrain’sstructureandfunctions?Scientistsbelievethatlongtermlonelinessaffectsbrainareasrelatedtosocialthinkingandemotions.____17____.Additionally,lonelinesscanraisebloodpressureandheartrate,furtheraffectingthebrain.Lonelinessmightleadtounhealthybehaviors,suchassmokingandlackofphysicalactivity.____18____.Tofightlongtermloneliness,expertssuggestmakingnewfriendsthroughactivitieslikeartclasses,sportsteams,supportgroups,orvolunteering,andthegoalistoputthemselvesinplaceswherepeopleetogether.____19____.Additionally,cognitivebehavioraltherapy(認(rèn)知行為療法)canhelpbychangingaperson’sattitudesandthoughtsaboutsocialinteractions.Thistherapygettotherootoftheproblem,exploringwhatmakesithardforapersontointeractwithothers.____20____.However,understandingthedeepreasonsoflongtimelonelinessiscrucialformaintainingbrainhealthandoverallwellbeing.Byactivelyconnectingwithothersandseekingsupport,peoplecanimprovetheirmentalandphysicalhealth,leadingtoamoresatisfyinglife.A.ThefeelingiscloselylinkedtosadnessB.Thus,lonelinesssignificantlydamagesoverallhealthC.However,somepeopleexperiencelongtermlonelinessD.ThereisaconnectionbetweenlonelinessandmentalillnessE.Allinall,theseskillsaresimpleandeffectiveindealingwithlonelinessF.ThesesocialsituationsworkbestwhenparticipantsshareamonidentityG.Theyalsoholdthatlonelinesscausesstressandaffectshowourbrainsageovertime【答案】16.C17.G18.B19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，長(zhǎng)久的孤獨(dú)對(duì)人類有害，文章介紹了孤獨(dú)對(duì)身體的傷害及對(duì)抗孤獨(dú)的方法?！?6題詳解】前文“Humansaresocialcreatures,whichiswhywefeellonelyfromtimetotime,forexample,aftermovingtoanewschoolorwhenachildleavesforcollege.(人類是社會(huì)生物，這就是為什么我們會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)感到孤獨(dú)，例如，搬到一所新學(xué)校后，或當(dāng)孩子離開(kāi)學(xué)校上大學(xué)時(shí))”表示人類會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，后文“Thispersistent(持續(xù)存在的)emotioncanharmtheirhealthandevenchangetheirbrains.(這種持續(xù)的情緒會(huì)損害他們的健康，甚至改變他們的大腦)”表示長(zhǎng)期孤獨(dú)的情緒對(duì)健康的影響，空處也應(yīng)描述該種情緒，C選項(xiàng)“然而，有些人經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)”中somepeopleexperiencelongtermloneliness與前文wefeellonelyfromtimetotime相對(duì)比，且longtermloneliness與后文Thispersistentemotion照應(yīng)，說(shuō)明了長(zhǎng)期孤獨(dú)對(duì)人的傷害。故選C?！?7題詳解】前文“Scientistsbelievethatlongtermlonelinessaffectsbrainareasrelatedtosocialthinkingandemotions.(科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)會(huì)影響與社會(huì)思維和情緒相關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域)”表明長(zhǎng)期孤獨(dú)影響大腦區(qū)域，后文“Additionally,lonelinesscanraisebloodpressureandheartrate,furtheraffectingthebrain.(此外，孤獨(dú)會(huì)提高血壓和心率，進(jìn)一步影響大腦)”同樣表明孤獨(dú)如何影響大腦，G選項(xiàng)“他們還認(rèn)為，孤獨(dú)會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力，并影響我們的大腦隨著時(shí)間的推移而衰老”中They指代Scientists，且本句同樣描述孤獨(dú)如何影響大腦，符合此處語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?8題詳解】前文“Additionally,lonelinesscanraisebloodpressureandheartrate,furtheraffectingthebrain.Lonelinessmightleadtounhealthybehaviors,suchassmokingandlackofphysicalactivity.(此外，孤獨(dú)會(huì)提高血壓和心率，進(jìn)一步影響大腦。孤獨(dú)可能導(dǎo)致不健康的行為，如吸煙和缺乏體育活動(dòng))”表明了孤獨(dú)對(duì)于健康的影響，B選項(xiàng)“因此，孤獨(dú)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了整體健康”為對(duì)上文描述的孤獨(dú)影響健康的總結(jié)。故選B。【19題詳解】前文“Tofightlongtermloneliness,expertssuggestmakingnewfriendsthroughactivitieslikeartclasses,sportsteams,supportgroups,orvolunteering,andthegoalistoputthemselvesinplaceswherepeopleetogether.(為了對(duì)抗長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)感，專家建議通過(guò)藝術(shù)課、運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)、互助小組或志愿服務(wù)等活動(dòng)結(jié)交新朋友，目標(biāo)是讓自己置身于人們聚集的地方)”表示進(jìn)行社交活動(dòng)對(duì)抗孤獨(dú)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)參與者擁有共同的身份時(shí)，這些社交情境的效果最好”表明在社交活動(dòng)中，參與者有共同身份，因此最有對(duì)抗孤獨(dú)的效果，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?0題詳解】前文“Tofightlongtermloneliness,expertssuggestmakingnewfriendsthroughactivitieslikeartclasses,sportsteams,supportgroups,orvolunteering,andthegoalistoputthemselvesinplaceswherepeopleetogether.(為了對(duì)抗長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)感，專家建議通過(guò)藝術(shù)課、運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)、互助小組或志愿服務(wù)等活動(dòng)結(jié)交新朋友，目標(biāo)是讓自己置身于人們聚集的地方)”及“Additionally,cognitivebehavioraltherapy(認(rèn)知行為療法)canhelpbychangingaperson’sattitudesandthoughtsaboutsocialinteractions.(此外，認(rèn)知行為療法可以通過(guò)改變一個(gè)人對(duì)社會(huì)互動(dòng)的態(tài)度和想法而有所幫助)”分別說(shuō)明了對(duì)抗孤獨(dú)的方法，E選項(xiàng)“總之，這些技巧在處理孤獨(dú)上是簡(jiǎn)單有效的”承接上文，且引出后文“However,understandingthedeepreasonsoflongtimelonelinessiscrucialformaintainingbrainhealthandoverallwellbeing.(然而，了解長(zhǎng)期孤獨(dú)的深層原因?qū)τ诰S持大腦健康和整體健康至關(guān)重要)”說(shuō)明了解孤獨(dú)原因的重要性，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TenyearoldHalleeMcCoombeswasbornwithspinabifida(脊柱裂),whichdidn’tstopherbeingastarathlete.AsHalleeapproachedthefinishlineofthe800metrerunforkidswitha____21____,thecrowdwascheeringwildlyandcallingher____22____.Withonlytenmetrestogo,Hallee____23____witheverystrength,withoutfeelinginherwaistandkneesbut____24____.WhenHalleecrossedthefinishlineandfelt____25____,hertwin,Jada,heldherup,whispering,“Youcameinthird!”Halleehasset____26____Australiantrackandfieldrecordsineventsforathleteswithhertypeofdisabilitylongdistancerunning,longjump,discusandjavelin.It’sanamazingachievementforsomeonewhowasn’texpectedto____27____.Bornwithspinabifida,Halleeunderwentimmediate____28____torepairherspinalcord.Afterrecovery,shetriedeffortstowalkonherownand____29____upperlegmuscleandcoresupport.Hermother,ChristineMcCoombes,trembled(顫抖)when_____30_____Hallee’sdiagnosis.“Thedoctorsalsotoldustheydidn’tknowwhatkindofbrain_____31_____shewouldhavewithhydrocephalus(腦積水).Wereallydidn’tknowhowmuchshewouldbeabletofunctionphysicallyand_____32_____,”themothersaid.EverytimeHallee’sparentswatchedtheir_____33_____daughterpete,theirheartsburstwithpride.“I_____34_____everytime,especiallywhenpeoplestartedcheeringforher,”admittedherdad,Gavin.“Halleehasgoneagainstall_____35_____bybeingarunnerdespiteherspinalcondition.”21.A.goal B.hope C.basis D.disability22.A.parents B.twins C.name D.mission23.A.setoff B.pushedforward C.brokeup D.fadedaway24.A.fortune B.resource C.energy D.pain25.A.tired B.bored C.confused D.scared26.A.limited B.normal C.several D.flexible27.A.walk B.gather C.grow D.settle28.A.reflection B.option C.permission D.operation29.A.transmit B.maintain C.ignore D.select30.A.spotting B.enjoying C.remembering D.imagining31.A.form B.tension C.range D.function32.A.socially B.mentally C.financially D.environmentally33.A.weak B.determined C.frightened D.intelligent34.A.cried B.rested C.hesitated D.regretted35.A.intentions B.proposals C.expectations D.arrangements【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D25.A26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.D32.B33.B34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文，主要介紹了HalleeMcCoombes出生患有脊柱裂，但是她努力參加田徑賽跑并獲得成就的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)哈莉接近殘疾兒童800米跑的終點(diǎn)線時(shí)，人群瘋狂地歡呼，喊著她的名字。A.goal目標(biāo)；B.hope希望；C.basis基礎(chǔ)；D.disability殘疾。根據(jù)第一段“TenyearoldHalleeMcCoombeswasbornwithspinabifida(脊柱裂),whichdidn’tstopherbeingastarathlete.”及下文“withhertypeofdisabilitylongdistancerunning”可知，哈莉天生殘疾，她參加了殘疾兒童賽跑。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)哈莉接近殘疾兒童800米跑的終點(diǎn)線時(shí)，人群瘋狂地歡呼，喊著她的名字。A.parents父母；B.twins雙胞胎；C.name名字；D.mission任務(wù)。根據(jù)上文“AsHalleeapproachedthefinishlineofthe800metrerun”可知，哈莉接近終點(diǎn)時(shí)，大家為她歡呼，并喊著她的名字。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：只剩下十米了，哈莉用盡全力向前推進(jìn)，腰和膝蓋都沒(méi)有感覺(jué)，除了疼痛。A.setoff啟程，出發(fā)；B.pushedforward推進(jìn)；C.brokeup關(guān)系破裂；D.fadedaway逐漸消失。根據(jù)“withoutfeelinginherwaistandknees”可知，哈莉十分勞累，所以是向前推進(jìn)。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：只剩下十米了，哈莉用盡全力向前推進(jìn)，腰和膝蓋都沒(méi)有感覺(jué)，除了疼痛。A.fortune運(yùn)氣，財(cái)富；B.resource資源；C.energy能源，精力；D.pain痛苦。根據(jù)“Withonlytenmetrestogo,Hallee____3____witheverystrength,withoutfeelinginherwaistandkneesbut”可知，哈莉身患?xì)埣?，所以在最后沖刺時(shí)是痛苦的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：哈莉沖過(guò)終點(diǎn)線時(shí)感到很累，她的孿生姐姐杰達(dá)把她扶起來(lái)，低聲說(shuō)：“你得了第三名！”A.tired勞累的；B.bored無(wú)聊的；C.confused困惑的；D.scared害怕的。根據(jù)上文“withoutfeelinginherwaistandkneesbut____4____”以及下文“hertwin,Jada,heldherup”可推知，哈莉沖過(guò)終點(diǎn)線時(shí)十分勞累。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞，限定詞詞義辨析。句意：哈莉以自己的殘疾類型，在長(zhǎng)跑、跳遠(yuǎn)、鐵餅和標(biāo)槍等田徑項(xiàng)目上創(chuàng)造了幾項(xiàng)澳大利亞田徑紀(jì)錄。A.limited有限的；B.normal正常的；C.several幾個(gè)，一些；D.flexible靈活的。根據(jù)下文“It’sanamazingachievementforsomeone”可知，哈莉身患?xì)埣?，但是卻獲得了成就，所以創(chuàng)造了一些紀(jì)錄。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于一個(gè)不可能走路的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)驚人的成就。A.walk步行；B.gather聚集；C.grow成長(zhǎng)；D.settle解決。根據(jù)下文“Afterrecovery,shetriedeffortstowalkonherown”可知，哈莉患病，原本不能行走。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：出生時(shí)患有脊柱裂的哈莉立即接受了脊髓修復(fù)手術(shù)。A.reflection反映；B.option選擇；C.permission允許；D.operation手術(shù)。根據(jù)“torepairherspinalcord”可知，哈莉接受了修復(fù)脊髓的手術(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：康復(fù)后，她嘗試自己行走，并保持大腿肌肉和核心支撐。A.transmit傳輸；B.maintain維持；C.ignore忽視；D.select選擇。根據(jù)“shetriedeffortstowalkonherownand____9____upperlegmuscleandcoresupport.”可知，手術(shù)之后，哈莉嘗試行走，同時(shí)維持大腿肌肉和核心支撐。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她的母親克里斯汀·麥庫(kù)姆斯看到哈莉的診斷結(jié)果時(shí)，渾身發(fā)抖。A.spotting發(fā)現(xiàn)，看見(jiàn)；B.enjoying享受；C.remembering記得；D.imagining想象。根據(jù)“Hermother,ChristineMcCoombes,trembled”可知，媽媽看見(jiàn)女兒的診斷時(shí)顫抖了。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位母親說(shuō)：“醫(yī)生還告訴我們，他們不知道她患有腦積水會(huì)有什么樣的大腦功能。我們真的不知道她的身體和精神能發(fā)揮多大的作用。”A.form表格；B.tension緊張（關(guān)系）；C.range范圍；D.function功能。根據(jù)“withhydrocephalus”可知，伴有腦積水，醫(yī)生不確定哈莉會(huì)有什么樣的大腦功能。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這位母親說(shuō)：“醫(yī)生還告訴我們，他們不知道她患有腦積水會(huì)有什么樣的大腦功能。我們真的不知道她的身體和精神能發(fā)揮多大的作用?！盇.socially社會(huì)地；B.mentally精神上；C.financially財(cái)政地；D.environmentally有關(guān)環(huán)境地。根據(jù)“physically”及上文“theydidn’tknowwhatkindofbrain____11____shewouldhavewithhydrocephalus”可知，空處與physically并列應(yīng)該為mentally。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每次哈莉的父母看到他們堅(jiān)定的女兒參加比賽時(shí)，他們的內(nèi)心都充滿了驕傲。A.weak弱小的；B.determined堅(jiān)定的；C.frightened害怕的；D.intelligent聰明的。根據(jù)文章第一段“TenyearoldHalleeMcCoombeswasbornwithspinabifida(脊柱裂),whichdidn’tstopher