2025秋新人教版初中英語八上Unit4AmazingPlantsandAnimals知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)（全新完整版）一、重點(diǎn)單詞1.root/ru?t/(n.)根2.stem/stem/(n.)莖3.leaf/li?f/(n.)葉子3.flower/?fla??r/(n.)花4.fruit/fru?t/(n.)果實(shí)5seed/si?d/(n.)種子6.bark/bɑ?rk/(n.)樹皮7.thorn/θ??rn/(n.)刺8.survive/s?r?va?v/(v.)生存9.adapt/??d?pt/(v.)適應(yīng)10.carnivore/?kɑ?rn?v??r/(n.)肉食動物11.herbivore/?h??rb?v??r/(n.)草食動物12.omnivore/?ɑ?mn?v??r/(n.)雜食動物13.predator/?pred?t?r/(n.)捕食者14.prey/pre?/(n.)獵物15.photosynthesis/?fo?to??s?nθ?s?s/(n.)光合作用16.amazing/??me?z??/(adj.)令人驚奇的17.plant/pl?nt/(n.)植物18.animal/??n?m?l/(n.)動物19.species/?spi??i?z/(n.)物種20.habitat/?h?b?t?t/(n.)棲息地21.extinct/?k?st??kt/(adj.)滅絕的22.endangered/?n?de?nd??rd/(adj.)瀕危的23.zebra/?zi?br?/(n.)斑馬24.poisonous/?p??z?n?s/(adj.)有毒的25.venomous/?ven?m?s/(adj.)分泌毒液的26.camouflage/?k?m?flɑ??/(n./v.)偽裝27.migrate/?ma?ɡre?t/(v.)遷徙28.hibernate/?ha?b?rne?t/(v.)冬眠29.pollinate/?pɑ?l?ne?t/(v.)授粉30.pollinator/?pɑ?l?ne?t?r/(n.)傳粉者31.symbiosis/?s?mba??o?s?s/(n.)共生32.parasite/?p?r?sa?t/(n.)寄生蟲33.host/ho?st/(n.)宿主34.ecosystem/?i?ko?s?st?m/(n.)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)35.biodiversity/?ba?o?da??v??rs?ti/(n.)生物多樣性36.conservation/?kɑ?ns?r?ve??n/(n.)保護(hù)37.deforestation/di??f??r??ste??n/(n.)森林砍伐38.climate/?kla?m?t/(n.)氣候39.tropical/?trɑ?p?kl/(adj.)熱帶的40.arctic/?ɑ?rkt?k/(adj.)北極的41.desert/?dez?rt/(n.)沙漠42.rainforest/?re?nf??r?st/(n.)雨林43.grassland/?ɡr?sl?nd/(n.)草原44.ocean/?o??n/(n.)海洋45.coral/?k??r?l/(n.)珊瑚46.mammal/?m?ml/(n.)哺乳動物47.reptile/?repta?l/(n.)爬行動物48.amphibian/?m?f?bi?n/(n.)兩棲動物49.insect/??nsekt/(n.)昆蟲50.bird/b??rd/(n.)鳥51.fish/f??/(n.)魚52.whale/we?l/(n.)鯨53.dolphin/?dɑ?lf?n/(n.)海豚54.shark/?ɑ?rk/(n.)鯊魚55.elephant/?el?f?nt/(n.)大象56.lion/?la??n/(n.)獅子57.tiger/?ta?ɡ?r/(n.)老虎58.panda/?p?nd?/(n.)熊貓59.giraffe/d???r?f/(n.)長頸鹿二、主要短語1.adaptto適應(yīng)2.survivein在……中生存3.benativeto原產(chǎn)于4.beendangered瀕臨滅絕5.goextinct滅絕6.playarolein在……中起作用7.dependon依賴8.feedon以……為食9.preyon捕食10.huntforfood獵食11.competeforresources爭奪資源12.liveinharmony和諧共處13.protectfromdanger保護(hù)免受危險(xiǎn)14.blendintotheenvironment融入環(huán)境15.usecamouflage使用偽裝16.migratetowarmerplaces遷徙到更溫暖的地方17.hibernateinwinter冬眠18.pollinateflowers給花授粉19.relyoneachother相互依賴20.formasymbioticrelationship形成共生關(guān)系21.behometo是……的家園22.thrivein在……中茁壯成長23.dieout滅絕24.beatrisk處于危險(xiǎn)中25.takemeasurestoprotect采取措施保護(hù)26.reducedeforestation減少森林砍伐27.preservebiodiversity保護(hù)生物多樣性28.fightclimatechange應(yīng)對氣候變化29.liveinthewild生活在野外30.bekeptincaptivity被圈養(yǎng)31.releaseintothewild放歸野外32.behuntedfor因……被獵殺33.bepoachedfor因……被偷獵34.beprotectedbylaw受法律保護(hù)35.setupnaturereserves建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)36.restoreecosystems恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)37.balancethefoodchain平衡食物鏈38.affecttheenvironment影響環(huán)境39.causehabitatloss導(dǎo)致棲息地喪失40.contributetoconservation為保護(hù)做貢獻(xiàn)41.raiseawareness提高意識42.studywildlife研究野生動物43.trackanimalmovements追蹤動物活動44.observebehavior觀察行為45.collectdata收集數(shù)據(jù)46.conductresearch進(jìn)行研究47.educatethepublic教育公眾三、重點(diǎn)句子1.PlantsarethebasisofalllifeonEarth.植物是地球上所有生命的基礎(chǔ)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)植物的重要性）2.Throughphotosynthesis,plantsconvertsunlightintoenergy.通過光合作用，植物將陽光轉(zhuǎn)化為能量。（光合作用原理）3.TheAmazonrainforestishometomillionsofspecies.亞馬遜雨林是數(shù)百萬物種的家園。（habitat表達(dá)）4.Someplantshavedevelopeduniquewaystoattractpollinators.有些植物進(jìn)化出獨(dú)特方式吸引傳粉者。（adaptation案例）5.TheVenusflytrapcancloseitsleavesinjust0.1seconds.捕蠅草的葉子能在0.1秒內(nèi)閉合。（特殊植物案例）6.Animalsadapttotheirenvironmentsthroughnaturalselection.動物通過自然選擇適應(yīng)環(huán)境。（達(dá)爾文理論）7.Polarbears'whitefurprovidesperfectcamouflageinsnow.北極熊的白毛在雪地中是完美偽裝。（adaptation案例）8.Elephantsuseinfrasoundtocommunicateoverlongdistances.大象使用次聲波進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)距離交流。（動物行為）9.Monarchbutterfliesmigrateupto3,000milesannually.帝王蝶每年遷徙距離可達(dá)3000英里。（migration案例）10.Coralreefssupport25%ofmarinelifedespitecoveringlessthan1%oftheoceanfloor.珊瑚礁養(yǎng)育著25%的海洋生物，盡管只覆蓋不到1%的海底。（生態(tài)重要性）11.Thesymbioticrelationshipbetweenclownfishandseaanemonesbenefitsbothspecies.小丑魚和?？墓采P(guān)系使雙方受益。（symbiosis案例）12.Deforestationdestroysapproximately10millionhectaresofforesteachyear.每年約1000萬公頃森林因砍伐消失。（環(huán)境問題數(shù)據(jù)）13.Over1millionspeciesfaceextinctionduetohumanactivities.超過100萬物種因人類活動面臨滅絕。（IUCN數(shù)據(jù)）14.Theillegalwildlifetradeisworthanestimated$23billionannually.非法野生動物貿(mào)易年估值230億美元。（社會問題）15.Protectedareasnowcoverabout15%oftheEarth'slandsurface.保護(hù)區(qū)目前覆蓋約15%的陸地表面。（保護(hù)進(jìn)展）16.Beespollinate75%oftheworld'sfoodcrops.蜜蜂為全球75%的糧食作物授粉。（生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值）17.Asinglematuretreecanabsorb48poundsofCO2peryear.一棵成年樹每年可吸收48磅二氧化碳。（環(huán)保價(jià)值）18.Plasticpollutionkillsover1millionmarineanimalsannually.塑料污染每年導(dǎo)致超100萬海洋動物死亡。（污染危害）19.TheGreatBarrierReefhaslosthalfitscoralsince1995.大堡礁自1995年來已損失一半珊瑚。（生態(tài)危機(jī)）20.Zooscontributesignificantlytospeciesconservationthroughbreedingprograms.動物園通過繁殖計(jì)劃為物種保護(hù)做出重要貢獻(xiàn)。（保護(hù)措施）21.Ecologicalbalancedependsontheinteractionsbetweenproducers,consumers,anddecomposers.生態(tài)平衡依賴于生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者和分解者間的相互作用。（生態(tài)原理）22.Tropicalrainforestsproduce20%ofEarth'soxygen.熱帶雨林產(chǎn)生地球20%的氧氣。（生態(tài)功能）23.Thecheetahcanacceleratefrom0to60mphin3seconds.獵豹能在3秒內(nèi)從0加速到60英里/小時。（動物特征）24.Pangolinsarethemosttraffickedmammalsintheworld.穿山甲是全球走私最嚴(yán)重的哺乳動物。（保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀）25.Climatechangeiscausingshiftsinanimalmigrationpatterns.氣候變化正導(dǎo)致動物遷徙模式改變。（氣候影響）26.Thebluewhale'sheartweighsasmuchasasmallcar.藍(lán)鯨的心臟重量相當(dāng)于一輛小汽車。（動物趣聞）27.Bamboocangrowupto91cminjustoneday.竹子一天能生長達(dá)91厘米。（植物特性）28.Over80%oftheoceanremainsunexplored.超過80%的海洋尚未被探索。（科學(xué)事實(shí)）29.TheArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.北極變暖速度是全球平均水平的兩倍。（氣候危機(jī)）30.AteaspoonofsoilcontainsmoremicroorganismsthantherearepeopleonEarth.一茶匙土壤中的微生物數(shù)量超過地球人口。（生態(tài)細(xì)節(jié)）31.Whalefallscreateecosystemsthatcanlastfordecades.鯨落形成的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)數(shù)十年。（海洋生態(tài)）32.Theoldestlivingtreeisover5,000yearsold.現(xiàn)存最古老的樹齡超過5000年。（植物記錄）33.Insectpopulationshavedeclinedby75%insomeareas.部分地區(qū)昆蟲數(shù)量已下降75%。（生態(tài)警示）34.Ecologicalfootprintsmeasurehumandemandonnature.生態(tài)足跡衡量人類對自然的需求。（環(huán)保概念）35.Rewildingprojectsarehelpingrestoredamagedecosystems.野化項(xiàng)目正幫助修復(fù)受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。（保護(hù)方案）36.Thesixthmassextinctioniscurrentlyunderway.第六次物種大滅絕正在進(jìn)行中。（科學(xué)警告）37.Sustainabledevelopmentbalanceshumanneedswithenvironmentalprotection.可持續(xù)發(fā)展平衡人類需求與環(huán)境保護(hù)。（核心概念）38.Citizenscienceprojectsengagethepublicinconservationefforts.公民科學(xué)項(xiàng)目讓公眾參與保護(hù)工作。（參與方式）39.Everyspeciesplaysauniqueroleintheweboflife.每個物種都在生命之網(wǎng)中扮演獨(dú)特角色。（單元主題升華）四、語法點(diǎn)本單元語法點(diǎn)是形容詞和副詞的最高級，在上單元已經(jīng)講解。這里做個簡單總結(jié)。一）基本概念1.比較級(Comparative)：用于兩者之間的比較（"更..."）-Thisplantgrowsfasterthanthatone.-Shespeaksmoreclearlythanherbrother.2.最高級(Superlative)：用于三者或以上中的最突出者（"最..."）-Thisistheoldesttreeintheforest.-Amongallstudents,heworksthehardest.二）形容詞比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化：-單音節(jié)詞：-一般加-er/-est：tall→taller→tallest-以e結(jié)尾加-r/-st：large→larger→largest-重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫末尾輔音字母：big→bigger→biggest-輔音+y結(jié)尾變y為i：happy→happier→happiest-雙音節(jié)詞：-以y結(jié)尾：early→earlier→earliest-以ow/er/le結(jié)尾：narrow→narrower→narrowest-其他雙音節(jié)詞通常用more/most：careful→morecareful→mostcareful-三音節(jié)及以上詞：-一律用more/most：beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful2.不規(guī)則變化：原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest三）副詞比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化：-單音節(jié)副詞加-er/-est：fast→faster→fastest-以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞用more/most：quickly→morequickly→mostquickly-不規(guī)則變化：well→better→best；badly→worse→worst2.特殊形式：-early→earlier→earliest-often→moreoften→mostoften(也可用oftener/oftenest)四）比較結(jié)構(gòu)的用法1.基本比較結(jié)構(gòu)：-A+be+比較級+than+BThisflowerismorebeautifulthanthatone.-A+動詞+比較級+than+BHerunsfasterthanIdo.2.同級比較：-as+原級+asSheisastallashersister.-notas/so+原級+asThisbookisnotasinterestingasthatone.3.最高級用法：-the+最高級+比較范圍(in/of/among)Thisisthemostexpensivecarintheshowroom.-oneofthe+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Beijingisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.五）特殊比較結(jié)構(gòu)1.越來越...：-比較級+and+比較級Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.2.越...就越...：-The+比較級...,the+比較級...Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryou'llbecome.3.倍數(shù)比較：-倍數(shù)+as+原級+asTh