2025年全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）四級(jí)試卷：新能源技術(shù)英語(yǔ)詞匯挑戰(zhàn)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇（本部分共20小題，每小題1分，共20分）要求：仔細(xì)閱讀下面的句子，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.Therapiddevelopmentof______hasbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinourdailylives,especiallyinhowwegenerateandconsumeenergy.A)automationB)globalizationC)renewableenergyD)artificialintelligence2.Solarpanelsconvertsunlightintoelectricitythroughaprocesscalled______,whichisbothefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.A)fossilfuelcombustionB)photovoltaiceffectC)nuclearfissionD)windturbineoperation3.Windfarmsaretypicallylocatedinareaswithstrongandconsistentwinds,suchascoastalregionsoropenplains,tomaximize______.A)energyefficiencyB)economicimpactC)environmentalpollutionD)urbandevelopment4.Hydroelectricpower,generatedbythemovementofwater,isoneoftheoldestandmost______formsofrenewableenergy.A)expensiveB)unreliableC)sustainableD)polluting5.The______isakeycomponentofelectricvehicles,asitstoresandreleasesenergytopowerthemotor.A)combustionengineB)fuelcellC)batteryD)transmissionsystem6.Governmentsaroundtheworldareinvestingheavilyin______toreducegreenhousegasemissionsandcombatclimatechange.A)fossilfuelsubsidiesB)renewableenergyprojectsC)traditionalpowerplantsD)industrialautomation7.______isatypeofrenewableenergythatusesgeothermalheattogenerateelectricityorprovideheating.A)TidalpowerB)BiomassenergyC)GeothermalenergyD)Oceanthermalenergyconversion8.The______isameasureofhowmuchenergyisproducedperunitofrawmaterialusedinenergygeneration.A)energydensityB)carbonfootprintC)energyefficiencyD)fuelconsumption9.______aresmall-scalerenewableenergysystemsthatcanprovideelectricitytoremoteorunderservedareas.A)MicrogridsB)SmartgridsC)PowerplantsD)Energystoragefacilities10.The______isaglobalorganizationthatpromotesthedevelopmentanduseofrenewableenergytechnologies.A)InternationalEnergyAgencyB)WorldBankC)UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeD)GlobalRenewableEnergyAgency11.______isarenewableenergysourcederivedfromorganicmaterialssuchasplants,wood,andagriculturalwaste.A)SolarenergyB)WindenergyC)BiomassenergyD)Geothermalenergy12.The______isatechnologythatallowselectricitytobetransmittedoverlongdistanceswithminimalenergyloss.A)high-voltagedirectcurrent(HVDC)transmissionB)alternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionC)energystoragesystemD)smartgridtechnology13.______isatypeofrenewableenergythatusesthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandthedeeperwaterstogenerateelectricity.A)TidalpowerB)OceanthermalenergyconversionC)WaveenergyD)Currentenergy14.The______isadevicethatconvertskineticenergyfrommovingwaterintoelectricalenergy.A)turbineB)generatorC)solarpanelD)fuelcell15.______isaprocessthatusesmicroorganismstobreakdownorganicmatterandproducebiogasasarenewableenergysource.A)anaerobicdigestionB)photosynthesisC)hydrolysisD)electrolysis16.The______isasystemthatintegratesmultiplerenewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,toprovideareliableandconsistentenergysupply.A)energymixB)hybridpowersystemC)smartgridD)energystoragefacility17.______isameasureoftheamountofenergyproducedbyarenewableenergysourcecomparedtotheamountofenergyconsumedtoproduceit.A)energyreturnoninvestmentB)energyefficiencyC)carbonfootprintD)netenergygain18.The______isatechnologythatusesadvancedmaterialsanddesignstoimprovetheefficiencyofsolarpanels.A)thin-filmsolartechnologyB)photovoltaiccellsC)concentratedsolarpowerD)solarthermalenergy19.______isatypeofrenewableenergythatusesthemovementofoceanwavestogenerateelectricity.A)TidalpowerB)WaveenergyC)OceanthermalenergyconversionD)Currentenergy20.The______isaglobalagreementaimedatreducinggreenhousegasemissionsandlimitingglobalwarmingtowellbelow2degreesCelsiusabovepre-industriallevels.A)ParisAgreementB)KyotoProtocolC)MontrealProtocolD)BaselConvention二、完形填空（本部分共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）要求：閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Lastyear,ourcommunitydecidedtoinstallasmall-scalesolarpowersystemtoreduceourrelianceontraditionalenergysources.Theprojectbeganwithafeasibilitystudytoassesstheamountofsunlightourareareceivesandthepotentialenergyoutput.Afterthestudy,wechosealocationontheroofofthecommunitycenter,whichgetsplentyofdirectsunlightthroughouttheyear.Thenextstepwastoselecttherightequipment.Wecompareddifferenttypesofsolarpanelsanddecidedtogowithmonocrystallinepanelsbecausetheyaremoreefficient.Theinstallationprocesswasquitechallenging,buttheteamofengineersandvolunteersworkedtogethertocompleteitinafewweeks.Oncethesystemwasinstalled,wehadtoconnectittoourlocalgrid.Thelocalenergycompanyprovidedthenecessarysupport,andnowaportionofourcommunity'selectricitycomesfromthesolarpanels.Wemonitorthesystemregularlytoensureitisworkingefficiently,andtheresultshavebeenimpressive.Thesolarpowersystemhasnotonlyreducedourenergycostsbutalsotaughtourcommunitymembersabouttheimportanceofrenewableenergy.Ithasbecomeasourceofpride,andwehopetoexpandtheprojectinthefuture.1.A)feasibilityB)equipmentC)locationD)sunlight2.A)monocrystallineB)polycrystallineC)thin-filmD)amorphous3.A)challengingB)simpleC)expensiveD)time-consuming4.A)engineersB)volunteersC)techniciansD)managers5.A)supportB)connectionC)installationD)maintenance6.A)localB)nationalC)regionalD)global7.A)regularlyB)occasionallyC)annuallyD)monthly8.A)impressiveB)disappointingC)surprisingD)frustrating9.A)costsB)benefitsC)challengesD)problems10.A)expandB)improveC)maintainD)upgrade三、閱讀理解（本部分共5小題，每小題2分，共10分）要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后回答問(wèn)題。短文后面列出了四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Theriseofrenewableenergyhasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttechnologicaladvancementsofthe21stcentury.Solarandwindpower,inparticular,haveseenexplosivegrowthduetotheirdecliningcostsandincreasingefficiency.However,theintermittentnatureoftheseenergysourcesposesachallengeforgridstability.Energystoragesolutions,suchasbatteries,haveemergedasacriticalcomponenttoaddressthisissue.Batterytechnologyhasadvancedrapidlyinrecentyears,withlithium-ionbatteriesbecomingthemostwidelyusedtype.Thesebatteriesareefficientandhaveahighenergydensity,makingthemidealforstoringenergyfromsolarandwindfarms.Despitetheiradvantages,lithium-ionbatterieshavesomelimitations,suchastheirrelianceonrarematerialsandconcernsaboutenvironmentalimpactduringproductionanddisposal.Researchersareactivelyexploringalternativebatterytechnologies,suchassolid-statebatteriesandflowbatteries,whichofferpotentialimprovementsinsafety,energydensity,andsustainability.Solid-statebatteries,forexample,useasolidelectrolyteinsteadofaliquidone,whichcouldreducetheriskoffireandincreasethelifespanofthebattery.Flowbatteries,ontheotherhand,storeenergyinliquidtanks,allowingforscalabilityandeasierrecycling.Theintegrationofadvancedbatterystoragesystemswithrenewableenergysourcesistransformingtheenergylandscape.Itenablesutilitiestobalancesupplyanddemandmoreeffectively,reducerelianceonfossilfuels,andenhancetheoverallresilienceofthepowergrid.Asbatterytechnologycontinuestoevolve,itisexpectedtoplayanevengreaterroleinthetransitiontoasustainableenergyfuture.1.Whatisthemainchallengeassociatedwithrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower?A)HighcostsB)IntermittencyC)LowefficiencyD)Limitedscalability2.Whichtypeofbatteryiscurrentlythemostwidelyusedforenergystorage?A)Solid-statebatteriesB)FlowbatteriesC)Lithium-ionbatteriesD)Lead-acidbatteries3.Whataresomelimitationsoflithium-ionbatteries?A)LowenergydensityB)HighriskoffireC)RelianceonrarematerialsD)Shortlifespan4.Whatpotentialbenefitsdosolid-statebatteriesoffer?A)HighercostefficiencyB)BettersafetyandlongerlifespanC)IncreasedenergydensityD)Easierscalability5.Howareadvancedbatterystoragesystemsimpactingtheenergylandscape?A)Theyarereplacingrenewableenergysourcesentirely.B)Theyaremakingthepowergridmoreresilientandefficient.C)Theyareincreasingrelianceonfossilfuels.D)Theyarecausingsignificantenvironmentaldamage.四、詞匯運(yùn)用（本部分共5小題，每小題2分，共10分）要求：從下面的每個(gè)句子中劃線部分的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。6.Thecompanyhasinvestedheavilyin______toreduceitscarbonfootprintandmeetenvironmentalregulations.A)renewableresourcesB)fossilfuelsC)energyconsumptionD)carbonemissions7.______technologyhasenabledthecreationofmoreefficientandsustainableenergysystems.A)InnovativeB)TraditionalC)InefficientD)Expensive8.Thegovernmenthasimplementednewpoliciesto______thegrowthofrenewableenergyprojects.A)promoteB)hinderC)delayD)restrict9.Solarpanelsareanexcellentwayto______electricityfromthesunandreduceenergybills.A)generateB)consumeC)storeD)transmit10.The______ofwindturbineshassignificantlyincreasedinrecentyears,makingthemamoreviableoptionforenergygeneration.A)efficiencyB)costC)sizeD)complexity五、書(shū)面表達(dá)（本部分共1小題，共10分）要求：根據(jù)以下提示，寫(xiě)一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括：1.描述你所在社區(qū)或城市最近采用的一項(xiàng)可再生能源項(xiàng)目。2.解釋該項(xiàng)目如何幫助減少對(duì)傳統(tǒng)能源的依賴。3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)該項(xiàng)目未來(lái)發(fā)展的看法。MyCommunity’sRenewableEnergyProjectLastyear,ourcommunitydecidedtoinstallasmall-scalesolarpowersystemontheroofofthecommunitycenter.Theprojectwasinitiatedtoreduceourrelianceontraditionalenergysourcesandtopromotesustainability.Theinstallationprocessinvolvedselectingtherightequipment,suchasmonocrystallinesolarpanels,andcoordinatingwithateamofengineersandvolunteers.Thesystemwasconnectedtoourlocalgrid,andnowasignificantportionofourcommunity’selectricitycomesfromthesolarpanels.Thesolarpowersystemhasnotonlyreducedourenergycostsbutalsotaughtourcommunitymembersabouttheimportanceofrenewableenergy.Ithasbecomeasourceofpride,andmanyresidentshaveexpressedinterestininstallingsolarpanelsontheirownhomes.Inthefuture,Ihopetoseetheprojectexpandtoincludeotherrenewableenergysources,suchaswindturbines,tofurtherreduceourcarbonfootprint.Bycontinuingtoinvestinsustainableenergysolutions,wecancreateamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandresilientcommunity.本次試卷答案如下一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.C)renewableenergy解析：句子提到新能源對(duì)日常生活的影響，特別是能源產(chǎn)生和消耗方式的變化，renewableenergy（可再生能源）最符合語(yǔ)境。2.B)photovoltaiceffect解析：句子描述太陽(yáng)能電池板將陽(yáng)光轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的過(guò)程，photovoltaiceffect（光伏效應(yīng)）是這一過(guò)程的科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。3.A)energyefficiency解析：風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)通常建在風(fēng)力強(qiáng)勁且穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)，以最大化發(fā)電效率，energyefficiency（能源效率）最符合句意。4.C)sustainable解析：水力發(fā)電是古老且可持續(xù)的可再生能源形式，sustainable（可持續(xù)的）最符合語(yǔ)境。5.C)battery解析：電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的核心部件是電池，用于儲(chǔ)存和釋放能量，battery（電池）最符合句意。6.B)renewableenergyprojects解析：政府投資減少溫室氣體排放，renewableenergyprojects（可再生能源項(xiàng)目）最符合語(yǔ)境。7.C)geothermalenergy解析：地?zé)崮芾玫責(zé)峒訜岚l(fā)電或供暖，geothermalenergy（地?zé)崮埽┳罘暇湟狻?.C)energyefficiency解析：能源效率衡量單位原材料產(chǎn)生的能源量，energyefficiency（能源效率）最符合句意。9.A)Microgrids解析：微電網(wǎng)是為偏遠(yuǎn)或服務(wù)不足地區(qū)提供電力的小型可再生能源系統(tǒng)，microgrids（微電網(wǎng)）最符合句意。10.A)InternationalEnergyAgency解析：國(guó)際能源署是全球推廣可再生能源技術(shù)的組織，InternationalEnergyAgency（國(guó)際能源署）最符合句意。11.C)biomassenergy解析：生物質(zhì)能來(lái)自植物、木材和農(nóng)業(yè)廢料等有機(jī)材料，biomassenergy（生物質(zhì)能）最符合句意。12.A)high-voltagedirectcurrent(HVDC)transmission解析：高壓直流輸電技術(shù)可長(zhǎng)距離傳輸電力，high-voltagedirectcurrent(HVDC)transmission（高壓直流輸電）最符合句意。13.B)Oceanthermalenergyconversion解析：海洋熱能轉(zhuǎn)換利用海洋表面和深水溫差發(fā)電，Oceanthermalenergyconversion（海洋熱能轉(zhuǎn)換）最符合句意。14.A)turbine解析：水輪機(jī)將水的動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，turbine（水輪機(jī)）最符合句意。15.A)anaerobicdigestion解析：厭氧消化利用微生物分解有機(jī)物產(chǎn)生沼氣，anaerobicdigestion（厭氧消化）最符合句意。16.B)hybridpowersystem解析：混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)整合多種可再生能源提供穩(wěn)定供電，hybridpowersystem（混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)）最符合句意。17.A)energyreturnoninvestment解析：能源投資回報(bào)率衡量可再生能源產(chǎn)生的能量與消耗能量的比值，energyreturnoninvestment（能源投資回報(bào)率）最符合句意。18.A)thin-filmsolartechnology解析：薄膜太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)提高太陽(yáng)能電池板效率，thin-filmsolartechnology（薄膜太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)）最符合句意。19.B)Waveenergy解析：波浪能利用海洋波浪發(fā)電，waveenergy（波浪能）最符合句意。20.A)ParisAgreement解析：《巴黎協(xié)定》旨在減少溫室氣體排放，限制全球變暖，ParisAgreement（巴黎協(xié)定）最符合句意。二、完形填空1.A)feasibility解析：第一段提到項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始前進(jìn)行可行性研究，評(píng)估日照和潛在能量輸出，feasibility（可行性）最符合句意。2.A)monocrystalline解析：第二段提到選擇單晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池板因其效率高，monocrystalline（單晶硅）最符合句意。3.A)challenging解析：第三段提到安裝過(guò)程有挑戰(zhàn)，但團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作完成，challenging（有挑戰(zhàn)的）最符合句意。4.A)engineers解析：第三段提到工程師和志愿者參與安裝，engineers（工程師）最符合句意。5.B)connection解析：第四段提到將系統(tǒng)連接到電網(wǎng)，connection（連接）最符合句意。6.A)local解析：第四段提到當(dāng)?shù)啬茉垂咎峁┲С?，local（當(dāng)?shù)氐模┳罘暇湟狻?.A)regularly解析：第五段提到定期監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)效率，regularly（定期）最符合句意。8.A)impressive解析：第五段提到系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行效果顯著，impressive（顯著的）最符合句意。9.B)benefits解析：第五段提到系統(tǒng)減少能源成本，benefits（效益）最符合句意。10.A)expand解析：第五段提到希望未來(lái)擴(kuò)展項(xiàng)目，expand（擴(kuò)展）最符合句意。三、閱讀理解1.B)Intermittency解析：第一段提到可再生能源的間歇性對(duì)電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性的挑戰(zhàn)，intermittency（間歇性）最符合句意。2.C)Lithium-ionbatteries解析：第二段提到鋰離子電池是最廣泛使用的儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)，lithium-ionbatteries（鋰離子電池）最符合句意。3.C)Relianceonrarematerials解析：第二段提到鋰離子電池依賴稀有材料，relianceonrarematerials（依賴稀有材料）最符合句意。4.B)Bettersafetyandlongerlifespan解析：第三段提到固態(tài)電池更安全、壽命更長(zhǎng)，bettersafetyandlongerlifespan（更安全、壽命更長(zhǎng)）最符合句意。