必修一Unit4重點單詞拓展1.slide/sla?d/vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動slidedown沿著……滑落slideinto偷偷溜入;不知不覺染上(習慣/毛病等)slideoff滑落;滑離slideaway溜走Thethiefslidintotheroom.It'seasytoslideintobadhabitslikesmokinganddrinking,butit'shardtoquit.像吸煙、酗酒等壞習慣,養(yǎng)成容易但戒掉難。2.floodn.洪水；大量vi淹沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒v.floodin/into大量涌入befloodedwith擠滿，擁滿Telephonecallsfloodedinfromalloverthecountry.Theofficewasfloodedwithapplicationsforjob.n.afloodof一大批…afloodofplaints大量投訴Awaveofhappinessfloodedme.我心中涌起一股幸福的暖流。Refugeescontinuetofloodintoneighbouringcountries.難民不斷涌入鄰國。3.rescuen.&vt.營救;救援*Hisfathercametohisrescuebylendinghimsomemoney.他父親借錢給他,救他脫困。*Herescuedachildfromdrowning.他救了一名落水兒童。e/gotoone'srescue 來/去援救某人arescueteam 救援隊rescueworkers救援人員rescue...from...把……從……營救出來4.damagevt.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失damageone'shealth/fame損害某人的健康/名譽bebadlydamaged遭受嚴重損害do/causedamageto給……帶來/造成損害5.affectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動*Sheisaffectedwithcancer.她患有癌癥。*Affectedwithhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.盡管發(fā)高燒,他仍然繼續(xù)工作。sb./sth.sb./sth.影響某人；某事affectsb.greatly.對……有很大影響=haveagreateffectonsb.=haveagreatinfluenceonsb.beaffectedby...被……打動/影響bedeeply/greatlyaffectedby被...深深打動了beaffectedwith+疾病患有...疾病beaffectedwithhighfever發(fā)高燒haveanaffectionfor喜歡6.shelter/'?elt?(r)/n.避難處；居所；庇護vt.掩蔽vi.躲避(風雨或...)takeshelterfrom...躲避……takeshelterfromwind/rain 躲避風/雨provide/giveshelter提供庇護shelter...from...保護……免受……shelterfrom...躲避……7.ruinn.&vt.破壞;毀壞n.be/lieinruins成為廢墟;毀滅fallintoruin成為廢墟，破敗不堪,毀滅v.ruinsth./sb.毀壞某物/某人ruinone'shope使某人的希望破滅ruinone’shealth/fame/future毀掉某人的健康/名譽/前途*Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertheearthquake.地震過后,許多教堂都被毀了?！疽谆毂嫖觥縭uin 一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞,但往往是非暴力的,也不是一次打擊的結(jié)果。常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。destroy 指徹底的損壞,常含不能或很難修復(fù)的意思。可接人,也可以接物。常和pletely、entirely等副詞搭配；damage 損壞、毀壞,指部分損壞,降低某物的價值。通常接物。常和badly、seriously等副詞搭配8.shockingadj.令人震驚的shockedadj.感到震驚的beshockedby/at對...吃驚beshockedtodosth.做某事感到震驚n.inshock吃驚;休克toone’sshock令某人吃驚的是agreatshocktosb.對某人來說是極大的震驚Ilookedathiminshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.9.trap/tr?p/vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.險境；陷阱v.betrappedin困在…中；陷在…中trapsbinto(doing)sth誘騙某人(做)某事n.setatrapfor給……設(shè)圈套fallintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱trapanimals捕獵動物trapthecriminal誘捕罪犯trapoilandgas蘊藏著石油和天然氣10.buryvt.埋葬;安葬beburiedunder/beneath/in...被埋在……buryone'sface/headinone'shands雙手掩面/捂頭buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋頭于/專心于……Myfatherburiedhishead/himselfinhisnewspaper.=Myfatherwasburiedinhisnewspaper.我父親專心致志地看他的報紙。Buriedinmybook,Ididn'trealizeitwasraining.我專心致志地看書，沒注意到下雨了。Hesatatawoodentable，buryinghimselfinreadingEnglisharticles.他坐在一個木桌子旁，專心致志地讀英語文章。11.effort/?ef?t/n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力makeaneffort/everyeffort/effortstodosth.努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力/盡力去做某事inanefforttodo為了做成某事；努力做某事withgreateffort努力地withouteffort 毫不費力地withjointefforts共同努力12.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦sufferingn.痛苦;苦惱;讓人痛苦的事sufferern.受難者;患病者sufferpains/losses/defeat/damage 遭受痛苦/損失/失敗/破壞sufferfrom受……折磨;患……病*Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.他們在經(jīng)濟危機中遭受了巨大的損失。*Ioftensufferfromunaccountableheadaches.我經(jīng)常莫名其妙地頭疼。*Heseemedtotakepleasureinoursuffering.他似乎對我們的痛苦幸災(zāi)樂禍。13.supplyn.供應(yīng)(量);補給;[pl.]補給品vt.供應(yīng);供給n.supplyanddemand供求關(guān)系agood/largesupplyof大量的;充足的供應(yīng)inshortsupply 供應(yīng)不足,供不應(yīng)求v.supplysthtosb=supplysbwithsth把某物提供/供應(yīng)給某人/某物providesthforsb=providesbwithsthoffersthtosb=offersbsth14.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出eruptinto突然變?yōu)?發(fā)展成eruptfrom 從……噴出*Anactivevolcanomayeruptatanytime.活火山隨時可能噴發(fā)。*Theirtalkeruptedintoquarrel.他們的談話突然變成爭吵。*Steameruptedfromthegeyser.蒸汽從熱水器里冒出。*Manyhousesweredestroyedinthemajorvolcaniceruption.在這次火山大爆發(fā)中許多房子被毀。15.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過survivesth.幸免于;從……中挺過來/活過來surviveon依靠……生存下來survive…by…比……多活了Theycansurviveonverylittlemoney.他們用很少的錢就可以生存。Hewasveryluckythathedidn‘tstarvetodeath,butsurvivedthecoldwinter.艱難度過Theoldladyhassurvivedherelderbrotherbytenyears.比……活得長16.powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力eto/intopower上臺;開始執(zhí)政inpower掌權(quán),執(zhí)政inone'spower 在某人的能力范圍內(nèi)beyond/outofone'spower超出某人能力范圍electricpower電力powerstation發(fā)電站powerfailure停電Theaircraftispoweredbyajetengine(噴氣發(fā)動機）.17.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉著的vt.使平靜;使鎮(zhèn)靜calmoneself使自己鎮(zhèn)靜calmdown 使平靜下來calmsbdown使某人平靜下來；使某人鎮(zhèn)定下來stay/keep/remaincalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜*Thecalmseagavenosignofthestormthatwasing.平靜的海上沒有一點跡象顯示暴風雨即將來臨。18.aidn.援助;幫助;救援物資vi.&vt.幫助;援助n.givesb.firstaid對某人進行急救performfirstaid施行急救e/gotoone'said幫助某人withtheaidof在……的幫助下v.aidsb.in(doing)sth. 在(做)某事方面幫助某人aidsb.withsth. 以某事/物幫助某人aidsb.todosth.幫助某人做某事*Hetappedhistaleoutwiththeaidofaputer.他借助電腦敲打出自己的故事。*Heaidedmeinbusiness/withmoney.他在事業(yè)上/金錢方面幫助我。*Myprofessoraidedmetocontinuemystudy.我的教授幫助我繼續(xù)做研究。19.sweepsb./sth.away刮走，吹走,掃走；徹底消除/打消sweepup打掃；清掃sweepoff拂去，掃去sweepthrough傳遍AfluepidemicissweepingthroughMoscow.一場流感正在莫斯科迅速傳播。*Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquake.漁民、游客、旅館,家園以及汽車都被強烈的地震引起的巨大海浪沖走了。Whenthecityisstillsleepingsoundlybeforethedawneson，itisthecleanerswhosweepupthefloorsorstreetsinspiteofthechillywindortheheavyrain.20.strikevi.&vt.侵襲;突擊;擊打n.罷工;罷課;襲擊v.Itstrikes/strucksb.that...(某人)突然想到…bestruckby被……打動/迷住了strike...intoone'sheart 使……刻骨銘心strikesb.+介詞+the+身體部位打某人的某處strikeamatch劃火柴n.beonstrike在罷工goonstrike 舉行罷工Strikewhiletheironishot.趁熱打鐵。TheclockstrucktwelvewhenIgothomelastnight.(鐘)敲Aterribleearthquakedidstrikethecityon11March.侵襲AgoodideastruckmewhenIwasreadingthenewspaper.突然想到ThevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake.打動；把……迷住Whatstruckmemostwastheenthusiasmofthelocalpeople.21.delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達vt.發(fā)表v.deliversth.tosb.把某物傳遞/遞送給某人delivernewspapers送報紙deliverthegoods發(fā)貨deliveraspeech/lecture 發(fā)表演說n.delivery遞送;交付；傳達、送達fooddelivery/takeout外賣*Wouldyoudelivermymessagetoyourmother?你可以幫我傳口信給你母親嗎?*Wehadabigdeliveryofbooksyesterday.昨天我們有一大批書要送。22.effectn.影響;結(jié)果;效果haveaneffecton/upon對……產(chǎn)生影響eintoeffect生效takeeffect生效ineffect事實上;實際上sideeffect 副作用23.etoanend結(jié)束attheendof在……的末尾bytheendof到……末尾為止(常和完成時連用)intheend 最后,結(jié)果atanend 結(jié)束【知識延伸】動詞end的用法endupdoingsth. 最終……;以做某事結(jié)束endupwithsth. 以……結(jié)束*Butshemademeunderstandthatourjourneyhadetoanend.但是她讓我明白我們的路已經(jīng)走到了盡頭。*Thereisapostofficeattheendofthestreet.這條街走到頭有一個郵局。*Bytheendofnextyear,theywillhavefinishedworkonthenewstadium.到明年年底,他們將建成這個新體育館。*Intheendshedecidedonbuyingthegreenhat.最后,她決定買那頂綠色的帽子。*Themeetingwasatanendatnineo'clockyesterday.=Themeetingcametoanendatnineo'clockyesterday.24.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!似乎世界末日就要來了!【句式解構(gòu)】Itseemedasif...這是一個含有表語從句的主從復(fù)合句。asif=asthough意為“仿佛;好像”,其引導(dǎo)的從句,常放在be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel等系動詞之后作表語。*Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快點!看起來火車要開了。(3)asif還可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。當說話人認為從句所陳述的是不真實的或不可能發(fā)生(或存在)的情況時,從句謂語常用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)如下:與現(xiàn)在事實相反—從句謂語動詞用過去時(be動詞用were)與過去事實相反—從句謂語動詞用過去完成時(haddone)與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞用would/could/mightdoPaultalksaboutthetheoryasifhekneweverything.ItwasJohnwhopressedthebutton.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.25.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和我的三個孩子正在吃早飯,這時水開始溢進我的家里?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】該句式為bedoing...when...結(jié)構(gòu),表示:“正在做……,這時/突然……”,when為并列連詞,表示“這時;突然”,相當于andatthis/thattime。*Jackwasdoingsomeshoppinginasupermarketwhentheearthquakehappened.杰克正在超市購物,突然發(fā)生了地震?！驹~匯拓展】beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做…這時…h(huán)ad(just)done...when...剛做完……這時……*Theywereabouttogiveup/onthepointofgivingupwhentheteacherencouragedthemtocontinue.他們快要放棄時,老師鼓勵他們堅持下去。*Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她剛做完作業(yè),她的媽媽就讓她練習彈鋼琴。26.onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)*Thedepartmentwillhaveexpertsonhandtogiveyouallthehelpyouneed.這個部門將有現(xiàn)成的專家給你提供你需要的所有幫助。27.standatsth.達到特定(數(shù)量、高度等)*InSriLanka,some1,600kilometerswestofthequakecenter,thenumberofdeathsstoodat2,498.在斯里蘭卡,震中以西約1600千米處,死亡人數(shù)高達2498人。*Westandforpeaceandagainstwar.我們主張和平,反對戰(zhàn)爭。*Howcanyoustandbywhensheneedshelp?當她需要幫助時你怎么能袖手旁觀呢?*Thecharacterfontstandsoutwellagainstthedarkbackground.那種字體在深色背景下十分醒目?！驹~匯拓展】standaside站到一邊;讓位于他人;退居一旁standby 站在旁邊,袖手旁觀;支持,支援standfor代表,表示;支持,主張standout顯眼,引人注目;28.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.*然而,危險的環(huán)境和被毀的道路將使得食物和用品很難送達?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】本句為簡單句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+make+it+adj.(+forsb.)+todo,其中it為形式賓語,adj.作賓語補足語,真正的賓語為后面的動詞不定式短語,for用來引出不定式的邏輯主語。*Themoneymadeitpossibleforhimtotravelabroad.這筆錢使他出國旅行成為可能。*Iwillmakeiteasierforpeopletouseputers.我要讓人們更容易地使用電腦?！局R拓展】“make+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)make+賓語+名詞*Mostpopsingersmakemusictheircareer.大多數(shù)流行歌手把音樂當作他們的職業(yè)。(2)make+賓語+形容詞*Hissuccessmadehismotherveryhappy.他的成功讓他的母親很開心。(3)make+賓語+不帶to的不定式*Nobodymadeusgotobedatacertaintime.沒有人讓我們在某一固定時間就寢。(4)make+賓語+過去分詞*Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimselfheard.那個老師提高了嗓門以便別人能聽到他。(5)make+賓語+介詞短語*Youmadehimintoanhonestone.你使他成為一個誠實的人。(6)make+形式賓語it+形容詞或名詞+從句(作真正的賓語)*Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他們想向公眾表明,他們所做的工作不但重要,而且是必不可少的。必修一Unit4重點單詞拓展默寫1.沿著……滑落偷偷溜入;不知不覺染上(習慣/毛病等)滑落;滑離溜走2.v.大量涌入擠滿，擁滿一大批…3.來/去援救某人救援隊救援人員把……從……營救出來4.損害某人的健康/名譽遭受嚴重損害給……帶來/造成損害5.對……有很大影響==被……打動/影響被...深深打動了患有...疾病發(fā)高燒喜歡6.takeshelterfrom...躲避風/雨provide/giveshelter保護……免受……7.成為廢墟;毀滅成為廢墟，破敗不堪,毀滅毀壞某物/某人使某人的希望破滅毀掉某人的健康/名譽/前途8.對...吃驚做某事感到震驚吃驚;休克令某人吃驚的是對某人來說是極大的震驚9.困在…中；陷在…中誘騙某人(做)某事n.setatrapforfallintoatrap捕獵動物蘊藏著石油和天然氣10.被埋在……雙手掩面/捂頭_____________=___________埋頭于/專心于…11.努力做某事不遺余力/盡力去做某事為了做成某事；努力做某事努力地毫不費力地共同努力12.遭受痛苦/損失/失敗/破壞受……折磨;患