2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯理解專項(xiàng)試卷知識(shí)拓展考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIVocabularyChoosethebestwordtofillineachblank.1.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasaturningpointinthehistoryofmedicine,__________manydeathsfrombacterialinfections.A.attributingtoB.contributingtoC.regardingtoD.referringto2.Despitethe__________economicforecast,thecompanydecidedtoexpanditsoperations.A.optimisticB.pessimisticC.skepticalD.ambiguous3.Thenovel'scomplexnarrativestructurerequirescareful__________tofullyappreciateitsthematicdepth.A.interpretationB.illustrationC.implementationD.intensification4.Climatechangepresentsasignificantchallengetoglobalfood__________,threateningagriculturalproductivityandfoodsecurity.A.securityB.stabilityC.supplyD.sustenance5.Thearchaeologist'sfindings__________along-standingdebateabouttheoriginsoftheancientcivilization.A.resolvedB.complicatedC.reinforcedD.disregarded6.Thecommitteewas__________bythelackofconcretedatatosupporttheproposedpolicychanges.A.paralyzedB.motivatedC.perplexedD.persuaded7.His__________approachtoproblem-solving,characterizedbycreativityandopennesstonewideas,ledtoinnovativesolutions.A.conventionalB.conventionalC.conventionalD.conventional8.Theathlete's__________trainingregimenpushedhimtothelimitsofhisphysicalcapabilities.A.rigorousB.lenientC.sporadicD.inadequate9.Theartist's__________useofcolorcreatedastrikingandmemorablevisualimpact.A.arbitraryB.deliberateC.haphazardD.accidental10.The__________natureofthescientificmethodencouragescontinuoustestingandrevisionofhypotheses.A.empiricalB.theoreticalC.speculativeD.intuitivePartIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsbasedonit.Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaprofoundtransformationacrossnumerousindustries,revolutionizingthewaywework,communicate,andlive.WhileAIoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasincreasedefficiencyandautomationofrepetitivetasks,italsoraisesethicalconcernsandchallengesthatmustbecarefullyaddressed.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,asAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.Thiscouldleadtosignificanteconomicdisruptionandnecessitateareevaluationofworkforcetrainingandeducation.Additionally,theissueofdataprivacyandsecurityloomslarge,asAIsystemsoftenrelyonvastamountsofpersonaldatatofunctioneffectively.Theriskofmisuseorunauthorizedaccesstothisdataposesaseriousthreattoindividualprivacyandrequiresrobustregulatoryframeworks.AnotherethicalconsiderationisthepotentialforAItoperpetuatebiasespresentinthedataitistrainedon,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.Addressingthesebiasesrequirescarefulalgorithmdesignandongoingmonitoringtoensurefairnessandequity.Furthermore,thequestionofAIaccountabilityremainsunresolved.DeterminingwhoisresponsiblewhenanAIsystemmakesanerroneousdecisionorcausesharmisacomplexlegalandethicalchallenge.AsAIcontinuestoevolve,itiscrucialforpolicymakers,developers,andsocietyatlargetoengageinathoughtfulandcollaborativedialoguetonavigatethesechallengesandharnessthepotentialofAIforthebenefitofhumanity.11.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheprimaryconcernsregardingtheriseofAI?13.WhatpotentialriskdoesthepassageassociatewiththeuseofAIincriminaljustice?14.Thepassagementionstheneedfor"robustregulatoryframeworks"toaddressdataprivacyissues.Whatdoesthisphrasesuggestaboutthepassage'sperspectiveonAI?15.Whatremainsa"complexlegalandethicalchallenge"inthecontextofAI,asstatedinthepassage?PartIIIKnowledgeExpansionBasedonthepassageabouttheriseofAI,discussthefollowing:16.HowmightthedisplacementofjobsduetoAIimpacttheneedforlifelonglearningandskilldevelopmentinthefutureworkforce?Providespecificexamplesofskillsthatmightbecomemorevaluable.17.InwhatwayscouldAIbeusedtomitigatetheriskofbiasindecision-makingprocesses?Describepotentialmethodsortechnologiesthatcouldbeemployed.18.ConsideringthepotentialbenefitsandchallengesofAI,howcansocietybalancethepromotionoftechnologicaladvancementwiththeprotectionofindividualrightsandethicalconsiderations?試卷答案PartIVocabulary1.B解析：contributeto表示“促成，導(dǎo)致”，符合句意。attributeto歸因于；referto提及，參考。2.B解析：pessimistic表示“悲觀的”，與句意“盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測悲觀”相符。optimistic樂觀的；skepticic懷疑的；ambiguous模棱兩可的。3.A解析：interpretation表示“解釋，詮釋”，符合句意。illustration插圖；implementation實(shí)施；intensification加強(qiáng)。4.C解析：supply表示“供應(yīng)”，符合句意。security安全；stability穩(wěn)定性；sustenance維持。5.C解析：reinforced表示“加強(qiáng)，支持”，符合句意。resolved解決；complicated使復(fù)雜；disregarded忽視。6.C解析：perplexed表示“使困惑”，符合句意。paralyzed使癱瘓；motivated使有動(dòng)力；persuaded說服。7.D解析：innovative表示“創(chuàng)新的”，符合句意。conventional傳統(tǒng)的。（注：原題第7、8、9題選項(xiàng)重復(fù)，此處按常規(guī)處理，假設(shè)D為正確選項(xiàng)）8.A解析：rigorous表示“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)密的”，符合句意。lenient寬厚的；sporadic零星的；inadequate不充分的。9.B解析：deliberate表示“故意的，審慎的”，符合句意。arbitrary任意的；haphazard隨機(jī)的；accidental偶然的。10.A解析：empirical表示“經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的”，符合句意。theoretical理論上的；speculative推測性的；intuitive直覺的。PartIIReadingComprehension11.Themainthemeofthepassageistheprofoundtransformationbroughtaboutbytheriseofartificialintelligence,alongwiththeassociatedethicalconcernsandchallenges.解析：文章首段提出AI帶來的變革，后文主要圍繞AI的益處和挑戰(zhàn)展開，故主要主題是AI的變革及其相關(guān)問題。12.OneoftheprimaryconcernsregardingtheriseofAIisthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,asAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.解析：文章第二段明確指出“theprimaryconcernsisthepotentialdisplacementofjobs”。13.ThepassageassociatestheuseofAIincriminaljusticewiththepotentialforbias,asAIsystemscouldperpetuatebiasespresentinthedatatheyaretrainedon,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomes.解析：文章第三段提到“thepotentialforAItoperpetuatebiasespresentinthedataitistrainedon,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchascriminaljustice”。14.Thepassage'smentionof"robustregulatoryframeworks"suggestsaperspectivethatacknowledgestheneedforstrongrulesandguidelinestomanagethepotentialrisksandethicalissuesassociatedwithAI.解析：提到“robustregulatoryframeworks”表明作者認(rèn)為需要強(qiáng)有力的規(guī)則和指南來管理AI的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和倫理問題。15.ThepassagestatesthatthequestionofAIaccountabilityremainsa"complexlegalandethicalchallenge,"indicatingthatdeterminingresponsibilityforAIsystems'actionsisdifficultundercurrentlegalandethicalstandards.解析：文章最后一段明確指出“determiningwhoisresponsiblewhenanAIsystemmakesanerroneousdecisionorcausesharmisacomplexlegalandethicalchallenge”。PartIIIKnowledgeExpansion16.ThedisplacementofjobsduetoAImightincreasetheneedforlifelonglearningandskilldevelopmentinthefutureworkforce,asworkerswillneedtocontinuouslyacquirenewskillstoremainrelevantinanincreasinglyautomatedeconomy.Skillssuchascriticalthinking,creativity,emotionalintelligence,andadaptabilitymightbecomemorevaluable,astheyarehardertoautomateandareessentialforworkingalongsideAIsystems.解析：AI可能導(dǎo)致失業(yè)，從而增加終身學(xué)習(xí)和技能發(fā)展的需求。員工需要不斷獲取新技能以適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化經(jīng)濟(jì)。批判性思維、創(chuàng)造力、情商和適應(yīng)能力等技能可能更具價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗鼈兏y自動(dòng)化，并且與AI系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作至關(guān)重要。17.AIcouldbeusedtomitigatetheriskofbiasindecision-makingprocessesbyemployingtechniquessuchasdiversedatatraining,algorithmictransparency,andregularauditing.DiversedatatraininginvolvesusingdatasetsthatrepresentawiderangeofperspectivesandbackgroundstopreventtheAIfromlearningandperpetuatingexistingbiases.AlgorithmictransparencyallowsfortheinspectionofhowAIsystemsmakedecisions,enablingtheidentificationandcorrectionofbiasedpatterns.RegularauditinginvolvesindependentlyevaluatingAIsystemstoensuretheyareperformingfairlyandwithoutdiscrimination.解析：AI可以通過多樣化數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練、算法透明度和定期審計(jì)等技術(shù)來減少?zèng)Q策過程中的偏見風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。多樣化數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練使用代表廣泛觀點(diǎn)和背景的數(shù)據(jù)集，防止AI學(xué)習(xí)和perpetuating現(xiàn)有偏見。算法透明度允許檢查AI系統(tǒng)的決策方式，從而識(shí)別和糾正有偏見的模式。定期審計(jì)涉及獨(dú)立評(píng)估AI系統(tǒng)，以確保其公平運(yùn)行且無歧視。18.Societycanbalancethepromotionoftechnologicaladvancementwiththeprotectionofindividualrightsandethicalconside