Liberal/FreeTranslation意譯Freetranslationchangestheoriginalwork’sfiguresofspeech,sentencestructuresorpatterns,butnottheoriginalmeaning.ItstressestheTLsmoothness.

Itaimsatthecommunicativeeffectofthetranslatedversion.Liberal/FreeTranslation所謂意譯，就是只保持原文內(nèi)容、不保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。(P40馮慶華《英漢互譯實用翻譯教程》上海外語教育出版社，1997)意譯不拘泥原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式與修辭手法第一：忠于原文內(nèi)容第二：通順第三：考慮原文句式/修辭Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.

約翰為人可靠，他既忠誠又正直。三口之家

anuclearfamily

四世同堂

theextendedfamilywithfour

generationsunderthesameroofExamples1)Bull’seye

死譯/硬譯：公牛的眼睛

意譯：靶心

2)ladybird

死譯/硬譯：

女士鳥意譯：瓢蟲3)兒童不宜。

Adultonly.4)你不要班門弄斧了.

Don’tdisplayyouraxeatLuBan’sdoor.（死譯）

Remainmodestbeforeanauthority.Don’tteachafishhowtoswim.

Don’tteachaspiderhowtospin.Don’tteachyourgrandmotherhowtosuckeggs.Moreexamples:ImportantTips1)Both

直譯and意譯shouldbefaithful

2)直譯→

theexoticflavoroftheoriginalwork

意譯→

thecommunicativeeffectofTL

3)

1stLiteraltranslation2ndfreetranslationTranslateasliterallyaspossible;asfreelyasnecessary.Asuccessfultranslationisusuallyacombinationofboth,andbothmethodsoughttobeadoptedinaflexibleandrealisticway.1.他當(dāng)上了海員。

Hebecameasailor. Hefollowedthesea.2.巧婦難為無米之炊。

Thecleveresthousewifecannotcook

amealwithoutrice.

Onecannotmakebrickswithoutstraw.3.Everyspiritsyoutakeisanailinyourcoffin.

你喝的每一杯酒都是你棺材上的一根釘。

你每喝一杯酒都在縮短你的壽命。Comparison直譯與意譯1.Mymasterisdeartome,butstilldeareristhetruth.

吾愛吾師,我更愛真理。

2.

生命誠可貴，愛情價更高，若為考研故，二者皆可拋。

Loveisdearertomethanlife,butforthesakeofthesuccessinthepostgraduateentranceexaminations,bothofthemmaybeignored.3.責(zé)任感，安全感，自卑感，優(yōu)越感

asenseofresponsibility,asenseofsafety,asenseofinferiority,asenseofsuperiorityTranslationPractice4.Anypersonnotputtinglitterinthisbasketwillbeliabletoafineof￡5.(兩種譯法）任何不把廢棄物放入筐中的人將可能被罰款5英鎊。廢物入筐，違者罰款五鎊。5.Don’tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.不必過早地?fù)?dān)心。(不必自尋煩惱)6.Don’tlockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen.直譯：不要等馬被盜后，才去鎖馬廄門。意譯：亡羊補牢。自從1978年啟動改革以來，中國已從計劃經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)為以市場為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟，經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟和社會的快速發(fā)展。平均10%的GDP增長已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國的“千年(millennium)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國均已達到或即將達到。目前，中國的第十二個五年規(guī)劃強調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會不平衡的問題。政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機會，并擴大社會保障。中國現(xiàn)在7%的經(jīng)濟年增長目標(biāo)表明政府是在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長速度。passagetranslation

passage11.自從1978年啟動改革以來，中國已從計劃經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)為以市場為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟，經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟和社會的快速發(fā)展。Sincethereformwaslaunchedin1978,Chinahastransformedfromtheplannedeconomyintoamarket-basedeconomy,experiencingrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.2.平均10%的GDP增長已使五億多人脫貧。Anaverage10%growthrateofGDPhasmademorethanfivehundredmillionpeopleoutofpoverty.

3.聯(lián)合國的“千年(millennium)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國均已達到或即將達到。The“millenniumdevelopmentgoal”oftheUnitedNationshasbeenrealizedorareabouttobereachedinChina.4.目前，中國的第十二個五年規(guī)劃強調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會不平衡的問題。Atpresent,the12thfive-yearplaninChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandsolving

theproblemofenvironmentalandsocialimbalance.5.政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機會，并擴大社會保障。Thegovernmenthassetupagoaltoreducepollution,increaseenergyefficiency，improveaccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andextendsocialsecurity/protection.6.中國現(xiàn)在7%的經(jīng)濟年增長目標(biāo)表明政府是在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長速度。7%ofannualeconomicgrowthtargetinChinashowsthatthegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothequalityofliferatherthanthegrowthrate.ChicagoandNewYorkarefamousfortheirtallbuildings.Californiacannotbe.Itsbuildingshaveto1befamousfortheirbeautyortheirhistoricalimportance.Californiaisearthquakecountry2.TheSanAndreasFault3

isacauseofearthquakes.ItisalongcrackintheearththatstretchesfromSoutherntoNorthernCalifornia.Rocksinsidetheearthmoveandtheearthshakes.Theseearthquakesmakethefaultbigger4。

passage2

NoGiantSkyscrapers(意譯）

ChicagoandNewYorkarefamousfortheirtallbuildings.Californiacannotbe.Itsbuildingshaveto1befamousfortheirbeautyortheirhistoricalimportance.Californiaisearthquakecountry2.譯文二：芝加哥和紐約以高樓林立1而出名。加利福尼亞不可能如此。這里的建筑物要出名，必須美觀或具有歷史意義2。加利福尼亞是地震區(qū)。NoGiantSkyscrapers

譯文：沒有摩天大樓

TheSanAndreasFault3isacauseofearthquakes.ItisalongcrackintheearththatstretchesfromSoutherntoNorthernCalifornia.Rocksinsidetheearthmoveandtheearthshakes.Theseearthquakesmakethefaultbigger4。譯文二：

圣安德烈亞斯斷層是造成地震的原因之一。這個斷層3是一條地下裂縫，縱貫加利福尼亞南北。地下巖石移動，地面就震動起來。地震又4使斷層擴大。translationExercises

Passage1喬布斯給妻子的訣別信(farewellletter)Wedidn'tknowmuchabouteachothertwentyyearsago.Wewereguidedbyour

intuition1;yousweptmeoffmyfeet.ItwassnowingwhenwegotmarriedattheAhwahnee.Yearspassed,kidscame,goodtimes,hardtimes,butneverbadtimes.Ourloveandrespecthas

endured2

andgrown.We'vebeenthroughsomuchtogetherandherewearerightbackwherewestarted20yearsago-olderandwiser-with

wrinkles3

onourfacesandhearts.Wenowknowmanyoflife'sjoys,sufferings,secretsandwondersandwe'restillheretogether.Myfeethaveneverreturnedtotheground.ExercisesGlobereadingandsummarizethemainideaofthepassageDetailedreadingandtrytoaskQsWheredidtheygetmarried?Whatweatheritisonthedaywhentheygetmarried?Whattheyhaveexperiencedoverthepast20years?Whatchangestheyhadoverthepast20years?美句賞析：

1.Sweptmeoffmyfeet讓我神魂顛倒

sweepoff：overwhelm

emotionally4例：SundayMr.Rightwillcomealongandsweepoffyourfeet.星期日，你的心上人就會使你神魂顛倒。2.Goodtimes,hardtimes,butneverbadtimes.不管順利還是艱難，都是美好的時光。3.Withwrinklesonourfacesandhearts.臉上有了皺紋，心也變老了。4.Myfeethaveneverreturnedtotheground.我從未停止過對你的愛。（和首句Yousweptmeoffmyfeet呼應(yīng)。）Newwords1.

intuition

[??ntju???n]

n.直覺，直觀，憑直覺而知的事物參考例句：IhadanintuitionthatIwouldfindyou.我有一種直覺，我能找到你們。Heknewthisthingbyintuition.他憑直覺了解這件事。2

endured

[in?dju?d]

adj.吃苦耐勞的;v.（長時間地）忍受，忍耐，容忍(endure的過去式和過去分詞)；持續(xù)，持久，堅持下去參考例句：Sheenduredherlongillnesswithstoicism.她默默忍受長期的病痛。Hecouldnotpossiblyhaveenduredawhippingwithoutawhimper.他不可能一聲不吭地忍受鞭打。3

wrinkles

[?ri?klz]n.（尤指皮膚上的）皺紋(wrinkle的名詞復(fù)數(shù))；皺褶；有用的建議；妙計v.使起皺紋(wrinkle的第三人稱單數(shù))；（尤指皮膚）起皺紋參考例句：Therewerefinewrinklesaroundhereyes.她眼角上出現(xiàn)了魚尾紋。Hisfacewaslinedwithwrinkles.他的臉上都是皺紋。4

emotionally

[?'m????n?l?]adv.感情上，情緒上，沖動地參考例句：aspecialschoolforemotionallydisturbedchildren為精神異常兒童開辦的特殊學(xué)校Awiderangeofemotionallystressfuleventsmaytriggerarelapse.多種令人情緒緊張的事情都可能引起舊病復(fù)發(fā)。譯文二十年前我們不太熟，只是跟著感覺，你把我迷住了。我們在阿瓦尼結(jié)婚那天，天上飄著雪。這么多年過去，我們有了孩子，經(jīng)歷過好日子、艱難的日子，但從來都沒有過不好的日子。我們的愛長長久久與日俱增。我們一起經(jīng)歷了這么多，現(xiàn)在，我們又回到了二十年前開始的地方——只是變老了，也更明事理了——皺紋在我們的臉上心上都留下了痕跡?，F(xiàn)在，我們感受到了生活中如此多的歡樂、痛苦、秘密和神奇，我們?nèi)匀辉谝黄?。我對你的愛從未少過一分。nàshìlìzhēngshàngyóudeyīzhǒngshù，bǐzhídegàn

那是力爭上游的一種樹，筆直的干

，bǐzhídezhī。tādegànne，tōngchángshìzhàngbǎgāo

，筆直的枝。它的干呢，通常是丈把高

，xiàngshìjiāyǐréngōngshìde，yīzhàngyǐnèi，jué

，像是加以人工似的，一丈以內(nèi)，絕

wúpángzhī；tāsuǒyǒudeyāzhīne，yīlǜxiàngshàng

無旁枝；它所有的椏枝呢，一律向上

，érqiějǐnjǐnkàolǒng，yěxiàngshìjiāyǐréngōngshì

，而且緊緊靠攏，也像是加以人工似

de，chéngwéiyīshù，juéwúhéngxiéyìchū；tādekuān

的，成為一束，絕無橫斜逸出；它的寬

dàdeyèziyěshìpiànpiànxiàngshàng，jīhūméiyǒu

大的葉子也是片片向上，幾乎沒有

xiéshēngde，gèngbùyòngshuōdǎochuíle；tādepí，斜生的，更不用

說倒垂了；它的皮，作品1號——《白楊禮贊》

Sincethereformin1978,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandsociety,Chineseeconomyhastransferredintomarketeconomyfromcommandeconomy.Theaverage10%growthofGDPhasliftedmorethan500millionpeopleoutofpoverty.TheMillenniumGoaloftheU.N.hasbeenfullyorpartiallyachievedthroughoutChina.Atpresent,the12thFive-yearPlaninChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandthesolutionofimbalanceofenvironmentandsociety.Thegovernmenthassetgoalstoreducepollution,enhanceenergyefficiency,improveeducationalopportunitiesandmedicalinsuranceandexpandsocialsecurity.The7%growthannualgoaldemonstratesthatthegovernmentisconcentratingonthequalityofliferatherthanthespeedofgrowth。譯文一

Sincethereformwaslaunchedin1978,Chinahastransformedfromtheplannedeconomyintoamarket-basedeconomy,experiencingrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.Ontheaverage,10%oftheGDPgrowthhasmademorethanfivehundredmillionpeopleoutofpoverty.The“millenniumdevelopmentgoal”oftheUnitedNationshasbeenrealizedorareabouttobereachedinChina.Atpresent,the12thfive-yearplaninChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandsolvetheproblemofenvironmentalandsocialimbalance.Thegovernmenthassetupagoaltoreducepollution,increasingenergyefficiency，improvingthechanceofeducationandhealth