2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練卷實戰(zhàn)技巧總結(jié)考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificantsocialandeconomictransformationsinrecentyears.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,itencompassesawidearrayofindustries,fromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesign.PlatformslikeUber,TaskRabbit,andUpworkconnectserviceproviderswithcustomers,facilitatingthisflexibleyetoftenprecariousmodeofemployment.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyoffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstomanagetheirownschedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnhigherincomesthantraditionaljobsmightallow.Formany,itprovidesavitallifeline,enablingthemtoentertheworkforce,supplementexistingincome,orpursueentrepreneurialventuresonasmallerscale.Furthermore,companiesleveraginggigworkersbenefitfromreducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees,suchasbenefitspackagesandofficespace.However,criticsvoicesubstantialconcernsaboutthelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsinherentingigwork.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementcontributions.Thisprecariousnesscanleaveindividualsvulnerable,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.Moreover,theisolationandlackofaformalcareerpathcancontributetofeelingsoflonelinessandprofessionalstagnationforsome.Therearealsoquestionsaboutthepowerimbalancecreatedbylargeplatformsthatsettherulesanddeterminetheearningsofmillionsofworkers.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoexpand,policymakersfacethecomplexchallengeofregulatingthisevolvinglabormarket.Debatesrageoverwhethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasemployeesentitledtotraditionalprotectionsorasindependentcontractorsenjoyinggreaterautonomybutbearingmorerisk.Findingabalancethatacknowledgesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhileaddressingthevulnerabilitiesofgigworkersremainsacriticalandunresolvedissue.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarycharacteristicthatdistinguishesthegigeconomyfromtraditionalemployment?2.Whataresomeoftheadvantagesproponentshighlightforindividualsparticipatinginthegigeconomy?3.Theword"precariousness"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatisthecentralchallengementionedforpolicymakersregardingthegigeconomy?5.Theauthor'stoneinthepassagecanbestbedescribedas:PassageTwoTheconceptof"deepwork,"popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbydigitaldistractions,constantconnectivity,andthepressureforconstantproductivity,thecapacityfordeepworkhasbecomeanincreasinglyrareandvaluableskill.Itinvolvessheddingsocietalexpectationsofconstantsocializingandconnectivity,andinsteaddedicatingfocusedblocksoftimetocomplexproblem-solvingorcreativework.Thebenefitsofdeepworkaresubstantial.Whenengagedindeepwork,individualscanachievehigherqualityoutput,makefasterprogressonchallengingprojects,andenhancetheircognitiveabilitiesthroughfocusedeffort.Thisabilityallowsforthecreationofsignificantoriginalworkandcanleadtogreaterprofessionalsatisfactionandsuccess.Moreover,individualswhocultivatedeepworkskillsoftenfindthattheycanaccomplishmoreinshorterperiodsthanthoseconstantlyswitchingbetweenmultipletasks,apracticeknownas"shallowwork."However,cultivatingdeepworkisnotwithoutitschallenges.Themodernenvironmentisintentionallydesignedtoencouragedistraction.Notifications,socialmediafeeds,andtheexpectationtobeconstantlyavailablemakesustainedfocusdifficult.Newportsuggestsseveralstrategiesfordevelopingdeepworkcapabilities,includingcreatingritualsthatsignalthestartofafocusedperiod,designingyourenvironmenttominimizedistractions,andcommunicatingboundariestocolleaguesandfamily.Practicingmindfulnessanddeliberatelyschedulingdeepworksessionsarealsocrucialcomponentsofdevelopingthisvaluableskill.Asthedemandforhigh-quality,innovativeworkgrowsinvirtuallyeveryfield,theabilitytoengageindeepworkmaybecomeanessentialcompetencyforprofessionalsuccessandpersonalfulfillment.Thosewhocanmastertheartofdeepfocuswilllikelyfindthemselveswell-equippedtonavigatethecomplexitiesofthe21st-centuryworkforce.Questions:6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassageregarding"deepwork"?7.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomeofthenegativeconsequencesassociatedwith"shallowwork"?8.Theword"cognitive"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:9.AccordingtoNewport,whataresomepracticalmethodssuggestedfordevelopingtheabilitytofocusdeeply?10.Whatimplicationdoestheauthorsuggestforindividualsseekingprofessionalsuccessinthemodernera?PassageThreeBiodiversity,thevarietyoflifeonEarth,isfundamentaltothehealthofecosystemsandthewell-beingofhumanity.Fromthemicroscopicorganismsinthesoilthatnourishourfoodtothevastarraysofspeciesinrainforestsandoceans,eachplaysaroleinmaintainingecologicalbalanceandprovidingessentialservices.Pollinationbyinsects,waterpurificationbywetlands,andclimateregulationarejustafewexamplesofthecriticalfunctionssupportedbybiodiversity.Despiteitsimportance,globalbiodiversityiscurrentlyfacinganunprecedentedcrisis.Humanactivities,primarilyhabitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange,andoverexploitationofresources,haveledtoadramaticdeclineinspeciespopulationsandthedegradationofecosystemsworldwide.Thislossisnotmerelyanenvironmentalissue;itcarriessignificantimplicationsforhumansurvival,threateningfoodsecurity,medicinalresources,andthestabilityofecologicalsystemsonwhichhumansocietiesdepend.Conservationeffortsarecrucialtomitigatingthiscrisis.Protectingnaturalhabitats,establishingandeffectivelymanagingprotectedareas,andimplementingsustainablepracticesinagriculture,forestry,andfishingarevitalsteps.Furthermore,reducingpollution,mitigatingclimatechangethroughglobalcooperation,andcombatingillegalwildlifetradeareessentialcomponentsofacomprehensiveconservationstrategy.Raisingpublicawarenessaboutthevalueofbiodiversityandpromotingacultureofsustainabilityareequallyimportantinfosteringwidespreadsupportforconservationinitiatives.Theongoinglossofbiodiversityrepresentsoneofthegreatestchallengesofourtime.Itsconsequencesarefar-reachingandinterconnected,affectingeverythingfromlocalcommunitiestoglobalstability.Urgentandcollectiveactionisneededtohaltandreversethistrend,ensuringahealthyplanetforfuturegenerationsandthepreservationofthenaturalheritagethatsustainsusall.Questions:11.WhatfundamentalroledoesbiodiversityplayinthecontextoftheEarth'secosystems?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeprimaryhumanactivitiescontributingtothecurrentbiodiversitycrisis?13.Theword"mitigating"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestarecrucialcomponentsofacomprehensiveconservationstrategy?15.Whatisthemainmessageconveyedinthefinalparagraph?PassageFourThenatureofworkitselfisundergoingaprofoundtransformation,drivenlargelybytechnologicaladvancementsandevolvingsocietalexpectations.Whileautomationandartificialintelligencehaveledtothedisplacementofcertainjobs,particularlythoseinvolvingrepetitivemanualtasks,theyhavealsocreatedentirelynewindustriesandrolesrequiringdifferentskillsets.Theabilitytoadapt,learncontinuously,andcollaborateeffectivelywithtechnologyhasbecomeparamount.Thisshiftnecessitatesarethinkingofeducationandtrainingsystems.Thefocusisincreasinglymovingfromrotememorizationtowardsdevelopingcriticalthinking,problem-solving,creativity,andadaptability.Lifelonglearningisnolongeroptionalbutarequirementforcareerlongevityandrelevance.Educationalinstitutionsandbusinessesareexploringnewmodels,suchasmicro-credentials,onlinelearningplatforms,andcollaborativeapprenticeships,toequipindividualswiththeskillsneededforthefuturejobmarket.However,thetransitionisnotwithoutitschallenges.Thepaceofchangecanbedisorienting,andtheuncertaintysurroundingfuturejobmarketscreatesanxietyformany.Thereisalsoagrowingdigitaldivide,withdisparitiesinaccesstotechnologyandthedigitalliteracyskillsrequiredtothriveinthemoderneconomy.Addressingtheseinequalitiesandensuringthatthebenefitsoftechnologicalprogressaresharedwidelyarecriticalsocietalchallenges.Ultimately,navigatingthisfutureofworkrequiresacombinationofindividualinitiativeandcollectiveaction.Individualsmustembraceamindsetofcontinuouslearningandadaptability.Governmentsandorganizationshavearesponsibilitytoinvestineducation,supportworkforcetransitions,andfosteranenvironmentthatencouragesinnovationwhileprioritizinghumanwell-beingandequitableopportunity.Thegoalisnotjusttoprepareforthefutureofwork,buttoshapeitinawaythatbenefitseveryone.Questions:16.Whatmajorforceiscitedastheprimarydriverbehindthetransformationofwork?17.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeyskillsbecomingincreasinglyimportantintheevolvingjobmarket?18.Thephrase"necessitatesarethinking"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:19.Whatsocietalchallengeishighlightedconcerningthedigitaldivideinthecontextofthefutureofwork?20.Whatistheauthorsuggestingasanecessaryapproachfornavigatingthefutureofwork?---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.C2.D3.A4.D5.CPassageTwo6.B7.C8.D9.E10.APassageThree11.A12.B13.C14.D15.EPassageFour16.B17.E18.F19.G20.H---解析思路PassageOne1.解析思路:題目問區(qū)分gigeconomy和傳統(tǒng)就業(yè)的首要特征。通讀全文，第一段明確指出gigeconomy的核心特征是“短期合同或自由職業(yè)工作，而不是永久性工作”(short-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs)。選項C“以短期合同或自由職業(yè)代替永久性工作為特征”(Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs)與此相符。A(提供靈活性)是優(yōu)點，不是定義特征。B(由平臺連接供需雙方)是運作方式。D(通常缺乏工作保障和福利)是缺點，不是定義特征。2.解析思路:題目問支持者強(qiáng)調(diào)參與gigeconomy的哪些優(yōu)勢。第二段論述了支持者的觀點，明確提到靈活性(unparalleledflexibility)，允許管理自己的時間、選擇項目、可能獲得更高收入(potentiallyearnhigherincomes)。選項D“提供無與倫比的靈活性，允許個人管理自己的時間、選擇感興趣的項目，并可能獲得比傳統(tǒng)工作更高的收入”(Providesunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstomanagetheirownschedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnhigherincomes)概括了這些優(yōu)勢。3.解析思路:題目要求找出"precariousness"的最佳詞義。該詞出現(xiàn)在第二段，描述gigworkers缺乏工作保障和福利的狀態(tài)。結(jié)合上下文，precariousness指的是不安全、不穩(wěn)定、precarious（precariousnessisthestateofbeingprecarious）。選項A“不安全的，不穩(wěn)定的”(Unstable,unsafe)最符合此意。4.解析思路:題目問政策制定者面臨的中心挑戰(zhàn)是什么。最后一段明確指出，隨著gigeconomy擴(kuò)張，政策制定者面臨“管理這個不斷發(fā)展的勞動力市場的復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)”(thecomplexchallengeofregulatingthisevolvinglabormarket)。選項D“調(diào)節(jié)這個不斷發(fā)展的勞動力市場的復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)”(Thecomplexchallengeofregulatingthisevolvinglabormarket)與此相符。5.解析思路:題目要求判斷作者語氣。通讀全文，作者客觀地介紹了gigeconomy的定義、優(yōu)點、缺點以及引發(fā)的爭議，并引用了各方觀點（支持者和批評者），最后指出挑戰(zhàn)。整體語氣是中立、客觀、分析性的。選項C“中立的，客觀的，分析性的”(Neutral,objective,analytical)最符合。PassageTwo6.解析思路:題目問文章關(guān)于"deepwork"的主要觀點。首段定義deepwork為“在沒有干擾的情況下專注于認(rèn)知要求高的任務(wù)的能力”(theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask)，并指出這在當(dāng)今時代“越來越稀有和有價值”(increasinglyrareandvaluable)。選項B“在沒有干擾的情況下專注于高認(rèn)知要求任務(wù)的能力在當(dāng)今時代變得越來越稀有和有價值”（Theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononhighcognitivedemandtasksisbecomingincreasinglyrareandvaluableinthemodernera）概括了核心觀點。7.解析思路:題目問根據(jù)作者，與"shallowwork"相關(guān)的一些負(fù)面后果是什么。第三段對比了deepwork和shallowwork，指出shallowwork的特點是與多個任務(wù)頻繁切換（switchingbetweenmultipletasks），而deepwork能產(chǎn)生更高質(zhì)量、更快進(jìn)展。這暗示了shallowwork效率低、質(zhì)量差。選項C“效率低下，質(zhì)量差”（Inefficient,lowquality）是其主要負(fù)面后果的體現(xiàn)。8.解析思路:題目要求找出"cognitive"的最佳詞義。該詞出現(xiàn)在第一段"cognitivelydemandingtask"（認(rèn)知要求高的任務(wù)）。cognitiverelatestothemind,thinking,learning,orawareness.demandingmeansrequiringalotofmentaleffort.因此，cognitivedemandingreferstotasksrequiringmentaleffortorintellect.選項D“需要智力或認(rèn)知努力的”（Requiringmentalorintellectualeffort）最接近。9.解析思路:題目問根據(jù)Newport，提出了哪些發(fā)展深度工作能力的實際方法。第三段列舉了Newport提出的策略：建立專注時段的儀式(creatingrituals)、設(shè)計減少干擾的環(huán)境(designingyourenvironment)、與同事家人溝通界限(communicatingboundaries)、練習(xí)正念(practicingmindfulness)、刻意安排深度工作時段(deliberatelyschedulingdeepworksessions)。選項E“建立專注儀式，設(shè)計少干擾環(huán)境，與他人溝通界限，練習(xí)正念，刻意安排深度工作時間”（Establishingfocusrituals,designingalessdistractingenvironment,communicatingboundarieswithothers,practicingmindfulness,deliberatelyschedulingdeepworksessions)涵蓋了這些方法。10.解析思路:題目問作者暗示了對尋求現(xiàn)代時代職業(yè)成功的人的什么啟示。最后一段指出，隨著對高質(zhì)量創(chuàng)新工作的需求增長，深度工作的能力可能成為“21世紀(jì)勞動力市場中的一項基本技能”(anessentialcompetencyforprofessionalsuccessandpersonalfulfillmentinthe21st-centuryworkforce)。選項A“深度工作的能力是21世紀(jì)勞動力市場中的一項基本技能”（Theabilitytoengageindeepworkisanessentialcompetencyinthe21st-centuryworkforce）表達(dá)了這一啟示。PassageThree11.解析思路:題目問在地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)背景下，生物多樣性扮演什么根本作用。首段明確指出生物多樣性是“地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康的基礎(chǔ)”(fundamentaltothehealthofecosystems)，并列舉了其在維持生態(tài)平衡和提供生態(tài)服務(wù)（如授粉、水凈化、氣候調(diào)節(jié)）方面的重要作用。選項A“地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的基礎(chǔ)，并維持生態(tài)平衡和提供生態(tài)服務(wù)”（ThefoundationofEarth'secosystemhealth,maintainingecologicalbalanceandprovidingecologicalservices）概括了其根本作用。12.解析思路:題目問根據(jù)文章，哪些主要的人類活動導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)前的生物多樣性危機(jī)。第二段明確列出了導(dǎo)致危機(jī)的主要人類活動：“棲息地破壞、污染、氣候變化以及對資源的過度開發(fā)”(habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange,andoverexploitationofresources)。選項B“棲息地破壞、污染、氣候變化以及對資源的過度開發(fā)”（Habitatdestruction,pollution,climatechange,andoverexploitationofresources）與之相符。13.解析思路:題目要求找出"mitigating"的最佳詞義。該詞出現(xiàn)在第二段"mitigatingthiscrisis"（緩解這場危機(jī)）。結(jié)合上下文，crisis指的是biodiversityloss（生物多樣性喪失）。mitigatingmeansmakingsomethinglesssevere,serious,orpainful.因此，mitigatingthecrisismeanstakingactionstolessentheseverityofthebiodiversityloss.選項C“減輕，緩和”（Lessening,alleviating）最符合。14.解析思路:題目問作者建議綜合保護(hù)策略中哪些是關(guān)鍵組成部分。第三段列舉了綜合保護(hù)策略的關(guān)鍵步驟：保護(hù)自然棲息地、建立和管理保護(hù)區(qū)、實施可持續(xù)實踐、減少污染、應(yīng)對氣候變化、打擊非法野生動物貿(mào)易。選項D“保護(hù)棲息地，建立和管理保護(hù)區(qū)，實施可持續(xù)實踐，減少污染，應(yīng)對氣候變化，打擊非法野生動植物貿(mào)易”（Protectinghabitats,establishingandmanagingprotectedareas,implementingsustainablepractices,reducingpollution,addressingclimatechange,combatingillegalwildlifetrade）概括了這些組成部分。15.解析思路:題目問最后一段傳達(dá)的主要信息是什么。該段指出生物多樣性喪失是“我們這個時代最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一”（oneofthegreatestchallengesofourtime），其后果深遠(yuǎn)且相互關(guān)聯(lián)，影響人類生存和全球穩(wěn)定，并強(qiáng)調(diào)需要“緊急和集體行動來阻止和扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢”（urgentandcollectiveactionisneededtohaltandreversethistrend）。主要信息是生物多樣性喪失的嚴(yán)重性以及采取緊急集體行動的必要性。選項E“生物多樣性喪失是重大挑戰(zhàn)，需要緊急集體行動來應(yīng)對”（Biodiversitylossisamajorchallengerequiringurgentcollectiveactiontoaddress）表達(dá)了此主要信息。PassageF