2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)案例分析研究方法考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題（本大題共20小題，每小題2分，共40分。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀每篇passage，根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題選擇最佳答案。）1.閱讀以下passage，回答問(wèn)題：Inthe19thcentury,theindustrialrevolutionbroughtaboutsignificantchangesintheeconomiclandscape.Theriseoffactoriesandtheuseofmachineryledtoincreasedproductionand,consequently,lowerpricesforgoods.Thisperiodsawtheemergenceofanewclassofwealthyindustrialistswhocontrolledthemeansofproduction.Atthesametime,theworkingclassfacedharshconditions,longhours,andlowwages.Thepoliticaleconomistsofthetime,suchasAdamSmithandKarlMarx,soughttounderstandandexplainthesechanges.Smithbelievedthatthefreemarketwouldnaturallyleadtoeconomicprosperity,whileMarxarguedthatcapitalismwasinherentlyexploitativeandwouldeventuallyleadtoitsowndownfall.根據(jù)以上passage，選擇最佳答案回答以下問(wèn)題：(1)Whatwasthemainimpactoftheindustrialrevolutionontheeconomiclandscapeinthe19thcentury?A.Itledtoincreasedpovertyandunemployment.B.Itbroughtaboutincreasedproductionandlowerpricesforgoods.C.Itcreatedanewclassofwealthyindustrialists.D.Itresultedinthedeclineoftraditionalagriculture.(2)Whichofthefollowingeconomistsbelievedthatthefreemarketwouldnaturallyleadtoeconomicprosperity?A.AdamSmithB.KarlMarxC.JohnMaynardKeynesD.FriedrichHayek(3)WhatdidKarlMarxargueaboutcapitalism?A.Itwasafairandjustsystem.B.Itwasinherentlyexploitativeandwouldeventuallyleadtoitsowndownfall.C.Itwouldnaturallyevolveintoamoreequitablesystem.D.Itwasthebestwaytoachieveeconomicgrowth.(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacharacteristicoftheworkingclassduringtheindustrialrevolution?A.HarshconditionsB.LonghoursC.HighwagesD.Lowwages(5)Whatwastheprimarygoalofpoliticaleconomistsinthe19thcentury?A.Topromotethegrowthofindustries.B.Tounderstandandexplainthechangesbroughtaboutbytheindustrialrevolution.C.Tocreateneweconomicpolicies.D.Toimprovethelivingconditionsoftheworkingclass.2.閱讀以下passage，回答問(wèn)題：TheGreatDepressionofthe1930swasasevereeconomicdownturnthataffectedcountriesaroundtheworld.Itbeganwiththestockmarketcrashof1929andwasmarkedbywidespreadunemployment,poverty,andbankfailures.ThegovernmentresponsetotheGreatDepressionvariedbycountry.IntheUnitedStates,PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltimplementedtheNewDeal,aseriesofprogramsandreformsdesignedtoproviderelief,recovery,andreform.TheNewDealincludedinitiativesliketheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC)andtheWorksProgressAdministration(WPA),whichcreatedjobsandinfrastructureprojects.InEurope,countrieslikeGermanyandFrancefacedsimilarchallengesandimplementedtheirownformsofgovernmentintervention.TheGreatDepressionalsoledtosignificantchangesineconomictheory,withJohnMaynardKeynesarguingthatgovernmentinterventionwasnecessarytostabilizetheeconomyandpromotegrowth.根據(jù)以上passage，選擇最佳答案回答以下問(wèn)題：(6)WhatwastheprimarycauseoftheGreatDepression?A.Hightaxesonthewealthy.B.Thestockmarketcrashof1929.C.Tradebarriersandprotectionism.D.Thefailureofbanks.(7)WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapartoftheNewDeal?A.TheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC)B.TheWorksProgressAdministration(WPA)C.TheSocialSecurityActD.TheFederalReserveAct(8)WhatdidJohnMaynardKeynesargueaboutgovernmentinterventionduringtheGreatDepression?A.Itwasunnecessaryandwouldhindereconomicrecovery.B.Itwasnecessarytostabilizetheeconomyandpromotegrowth.C.Itshouldbelimitedtoprovidingdirectfinancialaidtoindividuals.D.Itshouldfocusonreducingtaxestostimulateprivateinvestment.(9)WhichcountryimplementedgovernmentinterventionsimilartotheNewDealduringtheGreatDepression?A.GreatBritainB.JapanC.GermanyD.France(10)WhatwasoneofthemainoutcomesoftheGreatDepression?A.TheriseofcommunisminEurope.B.ThecreationoftheWorldBank.C.TheestablishmentoftheUnitedNations.D.Significantchangesineconomictheory.3.閱讀以下passage，回答問(wèn)題：TheColdWar,whichlastedfromtheendofWorldWarIIin1945totheearly1990s,wasaperiodofgeopoliticaltensionbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Thisrivalrywasfueledbyideologicaldifferences,withtheUnitedStatespromotingcapitalismanddemocracy,whiletheSovietUnionsupportedcommunismandauthoritarianism.TheColdWarsawnumerousproxywars,suchastheKoreanWarandtheVietnamWar,wherethesuperpowerssupportedopposingsides.ItalsoledtothedevelopmentofnuclearweaponsandtheconceptofMutuallyAssuredDestruction(MAD),whichkeptthetwonationsfromengagingindirectmilitaryconflict.TheColdWaralsohadasignificantimpactoneconomicpolicies,withboththeU.S.andtheSovietUnionusingeconomicaidandtradeastoolstoinfluenceothercountries.根據(jù)以上passage，選擇最佳答案回答以下問(wèn)題：(11)WhatwastheprimarycauseoftheColdWar?A.TheendofWorldWarII.B.IdeologicaldifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.C.Thedevelopmentofnuclearweapons.D.ProxywarsinKoreaandVietnam.(12)WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacharacteristicoftheColdWar?A.GeopoliticaltensionbetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnion.B.ThepromotionofcapitalismanddemocracybytheUnitedStates.C.ThesupportofcommunismandauthoritarianismbytheSovietUnion.D.TheestablishmentoftheUnitedNations.(13)WhatwasMutuallyAssuredDestruction(MAD)?A.Thedevelopmentofnuclearweapons.B.TheconceptthatboththeU.S.andtheSovietUnioncoulddestroyeachotherwithnuclearweapons.C.Theuseofeconomicaidandtradetoinfluenceothercountries.D.TheengagementindirectmilitaryconflictbetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnion.(14)WhichofthefollowingproxywarswasNOTapartoftheColdWar?A.TheKoreanWarB.TheVietnamWarC.TheCubanMissileCrisisD.ThePersianGulfWar(15)HowdidtheColdWarimpacteconomicpolicies?A.ItledtotheestablishmentoftheWorldBank.B.ItcausedboththeU.S.andtheSovietUniontoreducetradewitheachother.C.Itledtotheuseofeconomicaidandtradeastoolstoinfluenceothercountries.D.Itresultedinthecreationofaglobaleconomicsystem.4.閱讀以下passage，回答問(wèn)題：Theriseofglobalizationinthelate20thcenturyhashadprofoundeffectsontheworldeconomy.Increasedtradeandinvestmentbetweencountrieshaveledtotheintegrationofeconomiesonaglobalscale.Thishasresultedinthegrowthofmultinationalcorporationsandtheexpansionofglobalsupplychains.Whileglobalizationhasbroughtabouteconomicgrowthandincreasedefficiency,ithasalsoledtochallengessuchasincomeinequality,jobdisplacement,andenvironmentaldegradation.Thepoliticalandeconomicresponsestothesechallengeshavevaried,withsomecountriesadvocatingforgreaterregulationandotherspromotingfreetrade.Thedebateoverthebenefitsanddrawbacksofglobalizationcontinuestobeacentralissueincontemporarypoliticaleconomy.根據(jù)以上passage，選擇最佳答案回答以下問(wèn)題：(16)Whathasbeentheprimaryeffectofglobalizationontheworldeconomy?A.Ithasledtoincreasedpovertyandunemployment.B.Ithasresultedintheintegrationofeconomiesonaglobalscale.C.Ithascausedadeclineintradebetweencountries.D.Ithasledtotheriseoflocaleconomies.(17)Whathasbeenachallengeassociatedwithglobalization?A.Increasedeconomicgrowthandefficiency.B.Incomeinequalityandjobdisplacement.C.Thegrowthofmultinationalcorporations.D.Theexpansionofglobalsupplychains.(18)Howhavepoliticalandeconomicresponsestothechallengesofglobalizationvaried?A.Somecountrieshaveadvocatedforgreaterregulation,whileothershavepromotedfreetrade.B.Allcountrieshaveagreedontheneedforgreaterregulation.C.Mostcountrieshavepromotedfreetrade,withfewadvocatingforregulation.D.Nocountrieshavetakenanyactiontoaddressthechallengesofglobalization.(19)Whatisacentralissueincontemporarypoliticaleconomy?A.Theriseoflocaleconomies.B.Thebenefitsanddrawbacksofglobalization.C.Thegrowthofmultinationalcorporations.D.Theexpansionofglobalsupplychains.(20)WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultofglobalization?A.Increasedtradeandinvestmentbetweencountries.B.Thegrowthofmultinationalcorporations.C.Theexpansionofglobalsupplychains.D.Thedeclineinjobdisplacement.二、填空題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題，在橫線上填寫最合適的單詞或短語(yǔ)。）1.Theindustrialrevolutionledtosignificantchangesintheeconomiclandscape,includingtheriseoffactoriesandtheuseofmachinery,whichresultedin________productionandlowerpricesforgoods.2.AdamSmith,akeyfigureinpoliticaleconomy,believedthatthefreemarketwouldnaturallyleadtoeconomicprosperitythroughthemechanismof________.3.KarlMarxarguedthatcapitalismwasinherentlyexploitativeandwouldeventuallyleadtoitsowndownfallduetotheinherentcontradictionswithinthesystem.4.TheGreatDepressionofthe1930swasasevereeconomicdownturnmarkedbywidespread________andbankfailures.5.PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt'sNewDealincludedinitiativesliketheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC)andtheWorksProgressAdministration(WPA),whichcreatedjobsandinfrastructureprojectstoprovide________andrecovery.6.JohnMaynardKeynesarguedthatgovernmentinterventionwasnecessarytostabilizetheeconomyandpromotegrowth,challengingtheprevailingbeliefintheself-regulatingnatureofthefreemarket.7.TheColdWarwasaperiodofgeopoliticaltensionbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion,fueledbyideologicaldifferences,withtheUnitedStatespromotingcapitalismand________.8.MutuallyAssuredDestruction(MAD)wastheconceptthatboththeU.S.andtheSovietUnioncoulddestroyeachotherwithnuclearweapons,whichkeptthetwonationsfromengagingindirectmilitaryconflict.9.Theriseofglobalizationinthelate20thcenturyhasledtotheintegrationofeconomiesonaglobalscale,resultinginthegrowthofmultinationalcorporationsandtheexpansionofglobal________.10.Thedebateoverthebenefitsanddrawbacksofglobalizationcontinuestobeacentralissueincontemporarypoliticaleconomy,withsomecountriesadvocatingforgreaterregulationandotherspromoting________.三、簡(jiǎn)答題（本大題共5小題，每小題4分，共20分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題，在橫線上填寫最合適的單詞或短語(yǔ)。）1.AccordingtoAdamSmith,whatisthemaindriverofeconomicprosperityinafreemarketsystem?2.Whatwerethemaincharacteristicsoftheworkingclassduringtheindustrialrevolution?3.WhatwastheprimarygoaloftheNewDealprogramsimplementedbyPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt?4.HowdidthedevelopmentofnuclearweaponsimpactthegeopoliticallandscapeduringtheColdWar?5.Whataresomeofthemainchallengesassociatedwithglobalization?四、論述題（本大題共2小題，每小題10分，共20分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題，在橫線上填寫最合適的單詞或短語(yǔ)。）1.DiscussthemaindifferencesbetweentheeconomictheoriesofAdamSmithandKarlMarx.Explainhowthesedifferencesreflecttheircontrastingviewsontheroleofgovernmentintheeconomy.2.AnalyzetheimpactoftheGreatDepressiononeconomictheoryandpolicy.ExplainhowtheexperiencesduringtheGreatDepressionledtothedevelopmentofneweconomicpoliciesandtheories,suchasthoseproposedbyJohnMaynardKeynes.本次試卷答案如下一、選擇題答案及解析1.(1)B.Itbroughtaboutincreasedproductionandlowerpricesforgoods.解析：根據(jù)passage第一句"Theriseoffactoriesandtheuseofmachineryledtoincreasedproductionand,consequently,lowerpricesforgoods."可以直接找到答案。(2)A.AdamSmith解析：根據(jù)passage"Smithbelievedthatthefreemarketwouldnaturallyleadtoeconomicprosperity"可以確定答案。(3)B.Itwasinherentlyexploitativeandwouldeventuallyleadtoitsowndownfall.解析：根據(jù)passage"Marxarguedthatcapitalismwasinherentlyexploitativeandwouldeventuallyleadtoitsowndownfall"可以確定答案。(4)C.Highwages解析：根據(jù)passage提到的"harshconditions,longhours,andlowwages"可以確定高工資沒(méi)有提到，是workingclass的特征。(5)B.Tounderstandandexplainthechangesbroughtaboutbytheindustrialrevolution.解析：根據(jù)passage"Thepoliticaleconomistsofthetime,suchasAdamSmithandKarlMarx,soughttounderstandandexplainthesechanges"可以確定答案。2.(6)B.Thestockmarketcrashof1929.解析：根據(jù)passage第一句"Itbeganwiththestockmarketcrashof1929"可以直接找到答案。(7)D.TheFederalReserveAct解析：根據(jù)passage提到的NewDeal包含CCC和WPA，但未提到SocialSecurityAct和FederalReserveAct，后者是1913年通過(guò)的。(8)B.Itwasnecessarytostabilizetheeconomyandpromotegrowth.解析：根據(jù)passage"Keynesarguedthatgovernmentinterventionwasnecessarytostabilizetheeconomyandpromotegrowth"可以確定答案。(9)C.Germany解析：根據(jù)passage"InEurope,countrieslikeGermanyandFrancefacedsimilarchallengesandimplementedtheirownformsofgovernmentintervention"可以確定答案。(10)D.Significantchangesineconomictheory.解析：根據(jù)passage最后一句"TheGreatDepressionalsoledtosignificantchangesineconomictheory"可以確定答案。3.(11)B.IdeologicaldifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.解析：根據(jù)passage"Thisrivalrywasfueledbyideologicaldifferences,withtheUnitedStatespromotingcapitalismanddemocracy,whiletheSovietUnionsupportedcommunismandauthoritarianism"可以確定答案。(12)D.TheestablishmentoftheUnitedNations.解析：根據(jù)passage內(nèi)容未提到UnitedNations的建立，其他選項(xiàng)都在passage中提到。(13)B.TheconceptthatboththeU.S.andtheSovietUnioncoulddestroyeachotherwithnuclearweapons.解析：根據(jù)passage"MutuallyAssuredDestruction(MAD),whichkeptthetwonationsfromengagingindirectmilitaryconflict"可以確定答案。(14)D.ThePersianGulfWar解析：根據(jù)passage提到的proxywars是KoreanWar和VietnamWar，而PersianGulfWar不是。(15)C.Itledtotheuseofeconomicaidandtradeastoolstoinfluenceothercountries.解析：根據(jù)passage"TheColdWaralsohadasignificantimpactoneconomicpolicies,withboththeU.S.andtheSovietUnionusingeconomicaidandtradeastoolstoinfluenceothercountries"可以確定答案。4.(16)B.Ithasresultedintheintegrationofeconomiesonaglobalscale.解析：根據(jù)passage第一句"Theriseofglobalizationinthelate20thcenturyhasledtotheintegrationofeconomiesonaglobalscale"可以直接找到答案。(17)B.Incomeinequalityandjobdisplacement.解析：根據(jù)passage"Thishasresultedinthegrowthofmultinationalcorporationsandtheexpansionofglobalsupplychains.Whileglobalizationhasbroughtabouteconomicgrowthandincreasedefficiency,ithasalsoledtochallengessuchasincomeinequality,jobdisplacement,andenvironmentaldegradation"可以確定答案。(18)A.Somecountrieshaveadvocatedforgreaterregulation,whileothershavepromotedfreetrade.解析：根據(jù)passage"Thepoliticalandeconomicresponsestothesechallengeshavevaried,withsomecountriesadvocatingforgreaterregulationandotherspromotingfreetrade"可以確定答案。(19)B.Thebenefitsanddrawbacksofglobalization.解析：根據(jù)passage最后一句"Thedebateoverthebenefitsanddrawbacksofglobalizationcontinuestobeacentralissueincontemporarypoliticaleconomy"可以確定答案。(20)D.Thedeclineinjobdisplacement.解析：根據(jù)passage提到的全球化帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)包括jobdisplacement，因此declineinjobdisplacement不是結(jié)果。二、填空題答案及解析1.Increased解析：根據(jù)passage"whichresultedinincreasedproductionandlowerpricesforgoods"可以確定答案。2.Theinvisiblehand解析：根據(jù)AdamSmith的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，市場(chǎng)機(jī)制通過(guò)"theinvisiblehand"自發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。3.Contradictions解析：根據(jù)passage"duetotheinherentcontradictionswithinthesystem"可以確定答案。4.Unemployment解析：根據(jù)passage"markedbywidespreadunemploymentandbankfailures"可以確定答案。5.Relief解析：根據(jù)passage"toprovidereliefandrecovery"可以確定答案。6.Self-regulating解析：根據(jù)passage"challengingtheprevailingbeliefintheself-regulatingnatureofthefreemarket"可以確定答案。7.Communism解析：根據(jù)passage"withtheUnitedStatespromotingcapitalismand________"可以確定答案。8.MAD解析：根據(jù)passage"MutuallyAssuredDestruction(MAD)"可以確定答案。9.Supplychains解析：根據(jù)passage"theexpansionofglobalsupplychains"可以確定答案。10.Freetrade解析：根據(jù)passage"withsomecountriesadvocatingforgreaterregulationandotherspromoting________"可以確定答案。三、簡(jiǎn)答題答案及解析1.Theinvisiblehand解析：AdamSmith的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論認(rèn)為，市場(chǎng)機(jī)制通過(guò)"theinvisiblehand"自發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。2.Harshconditions,longhours,andlowwages解析：根據(jù)passage"Theworkingclassfacedharshconditions,longhours,andlowwages"可以確定答案。3.Relief,recovery,andreform解析：根據(jù)passage"designedtoproviderelief,recovery,andreform"可以確定答案。4.TheconceptthatboththeU.S.andtheSovietUnioncoulddestroyeachotherwithnuclearweapons解析：根據(jù)passage"MutuallyAssuredDestruction(MAD),whichkeptthetwonationsfromengagingindirectmilitaryconflict"可以確定答案。5.Incomeinequality,jobdisplacement,andenvironmentaldegradation解析：根據(jù)passage"ithasalsoledtochallengessuchasincomeinequality,jobdisplacement,andenvironmentaldegradation"可以確定答案。四、論述題答案及解析1.AdamSmithbelievedthatthefreemarketwouldnaturallyleadtoeco