必修第二冊Unit1閱讀理解題組——練速度(35mins)閱讀理解AArtiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon'tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossover(交疊)betweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation'sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople'swell-being.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.1.Artproductsdifferfrommostothercommercialproductsbecause.

A.mostpeoplepurchasethemforcollectionB.theyaremoreexpensiveandlessaccessibleC.theyhavebothcommercialandculturalvaluesD.theirpricesmayclimbupastimepasses2.Bysharingtheirartsexperiences,communitymemberscan.

A.keepthecommunitysafefromillnessesB.developastrongertiebetweenthemC.learntoappreciatetheirownworksofartD.offerhonourablesolutionstotheirproblems3.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeoplewhoareinvolvedinartisticactivities?A.Theyenjoybetterlivingconditions.B.Theyliketocomparethemselveswithothers.C.Theyareparticularlygoodatbothmusicandart.D.Theytendtobehealthierphysicallyandmentally.4.Howdoeskids'engagementwiththeartsbenefitthem?A.Itpromotestheiracademicperformanceandemotionalgrowth.B.Itgivesthemmoreconfidenceinexhibitingtheirlearningskills.C.Itinspirestheircreativityindesigningtheirfuturecareer.D.Ithelpstomakeresponsiblepeopleoutofthem.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowArtCuresOurHeartsB.Art:ABlessingtoHumankindC.HowArtBenefitsCommunitiesD.Art:ABridgeBetweenCulturesBScientistsattheDepartmentofEnergy'sLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhave—injusttwoyears—nearlydoubledthenumberofmaterialsknowntohavepotentialforuseinsolarfuels.Theydidsobydevelopingaprocessthatpromisestospeedthediscoveryofcommerciallyviable(在商業(yè)上可行)generationofsolarfuelsthatcouldreplacecoal,oil,andotherfossilfuels.Solarfuels,adreamofclean-energyresearch,arecreatedusingonlysunlight,water,andcarbondioxide.Researchersareexploringarangeofpossibletargetfuels,butonepossibilityistoproducehydrogenbysplittingwater.Eachwatermolecule(分子)consistsofoneoxygenatomandtwohydrogenatoms.Thehydrogenatomsareextracted,andthencanbereunitedtocreatehighlyflammablehydrogengasorcombinedwithCO2tocreatehydrocarbonfuels,creatingaplentifulandrenewableenergysource.Theproblem,however,isthatwatermoleculesdonotsimplybreakdownwhensunlightshinesonthem—iftheydid,theoceanswouldnotcovermostoftheplanet.Theyneedalittlehelpfromasolar-poweredcatalyst(催化劑).Tocreatepracticalsolarfuels,scientistshavebeentryingtodeveloplow-costandefficientmaterialsthatperformthenecessarychemistryusingonlyvisiblelightasanenergysource.AnewmethodwasdevelopedthroughapartnershipbetweentheJointCenterforArtificialPhotosynthesis(JCAP)andBerkeleyLab'sMaterialsProject,usingresourcesattheMolecularFoundryandtheNationalEnergyResearchScientificComputingCenter(NERSC).JCAPfocusedondevelopingacost-effectivemethodofturningsunlight,water,andcarbondioxideintofuel.ItisledbyCaltechwithBerkeleyLabasamajorpartner.TheMaterialsProjectisaprogrambasedatBerkeleyLabthataimstoremovetheguessworkfrommaterialsdesigninavarietyofapplications.“Whatisparticularlysignificantaboutthisstudy,whichcombinesexperimentandtheory,isthatinadditiontoidentifyingseveralnewcompoundsforsolarfuelapplications,wecanalsolearnsomethingnewaboutthebasicelectronicstructureofthematerialsthemselves,”saysNeaton,thedirectoroftheMolecularFoundry.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage?A.Somescientistspromisetospeedthediscoveryofcommerciallyviablegenerationofsolarfuels.B.Somescientistshavefoundtwosciencelabs.C.Somescientistsfoundnewmaterialsinsolarfuelsthatcouldreplacetraditionalfuels.D.Somescientistshaveusedtwotypesofsolarfuelinjusttwoyears.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwedotocreateaplentifulandrenewableenergysource?A.Useonlysunlight,water,andcarbondioxide.B.Extracthydrogenatomsfromwatermolecules.C.Createhydrocarbonfuelsfromwatermolecules.D.Explorepossibletargetfuels.8.Asolar-poweredcatalystcanbeusedfor.

A.creatinganewenergysourceB.breakingdownwatermoleculesC.creatinghighlyflammablehydrogengasD.reunitinghydrogenatomsextractedfromwatermolecules9.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Thestudywillidentifysomesolarfuels.B.Scientistscanlearnaboutthebasicelectronicstructureofthenewcompounds.C.Thestudyinvolvesnewtheoryandrelativeexperiment.D.Themostimportantthingofthestudyistofindsomesolarfuelapplications.10.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A.Newmaterialscouldturnwaterintothefuelofthefuture.B.Anewmethodwasdevelopedtocreatearenewablefuel.C.Aprogramthataimstosplitwaterandcreateaclean-energyresearch.D.Solarfuelsareadreamofcleanenergy.CHowfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.ThetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegas.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoaphoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(Don'tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!)andmakesureyou'rebrushinglongenough.“It'skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasis,”saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forinstance,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartandfun,”Servalsays.Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes”,butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.Servalsaysthatoneday,it'llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.11.Whichisoneofthefeaturesofthetoothbrush?A.Itcansensehowusersbrushtheirteeth.B.Itcantrackusers'schoolperformance.C.Itcandetectusers'fearofseeingadentist.D.Itcanhelpusersfindtheirphones.12.WhatcanwelearnfromServal'swordsinParagraph3?A.Youwillfinditenjoyabletoseeadentist.B.Youshouldseeyourdentistonaday-to-daybasis.C.Youcanbrushwiththetoothbrushasifguidedbyadentist.D.You'dlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryday.13.Whichofthefollowingmightmakethetoothbrushfun?A.Itcanbeusedtoupdatemobilephones.B.Itcanbeusedtoplaymobilephonegames.C.Itcansendmessagestootherusers.D.Itcantalktoitsdevelopers.14.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.B.WhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasnecessary.C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush.15.WhatcanweinferaboutServal'schildren?A.Theywereunwillingtobrushtheirteeth.B.Theyoftenfailedtocleantheirtoothbrushes.C.Theypreferredtouseatoothbrushwithadryhead.D.TheylikedbrushingtheirteethafterServalcamehome.DHowdoesanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食動物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(臨界點),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.16.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.17.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.

A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplace18.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.19.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.20.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?A.Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.D.Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.

必修第二冊Unit1閱讀理解題組——練速度1.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan...”和最后一句中的“...theartsareaperfectcrossoverbetweencultureandcommerce.”可知,藝術(shù)可以把文化和商品以一種許多其他東西做不到的方式聯(lián)系起來,藝術(shù)是文化和商業(yè)的完美結(jié)合。由此可推知,藝術(shù)品不同于其他商業(yè)產(chǎn)品,是因為它們既有文化價值又有商業(yè)價值。故選C項。2.B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的theartscanbringcommunitiestogether和第二句“Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiences...anation'sexperience.”可知,社區(qū)成員通過分享藝術(shù)體驗可以增進彼此之間的關(guān)系。故選B項。3.D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople'swell-being.”可知,和那些不參加藝術(shù)活動的人相比,參加藝術(shù)活動的人可能身體更加健康,而且藝術(shù)活動參與得越多,幸福感就越強。由此可推知,參加藝術(shù)活動的人身心會更健康。故選D項。4.A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation...”和最后一句“...encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.”可知,參加藝術(shù)活動的孩子們會在教育方面取得更大的成就,而且鼓勵孩子們積極表達自己有助于孩子們在之后的生活中形成健康的情緒反應(yīng)。由此可推知,孩子們參與藝術(shù)活動對其學業(yè)和情緒發(fā)展都有促進作用。故選A項。5.B解析標題歸納題。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知,文章的中心段是最后一段,該段總結(jié)了藝術(shù)對人類的重要性,說明了藝術(shù)是我們?nèi)祟惒豢苫蛉钡囊徊糠帧Ｓ纱丝赏浦?B項(藝術(shù):人類的一大幸事)最符合文章內(nèi)容。故選B項。6.C解析推理判斷題。文章第一段說科學家兩年內(nèi)在太陽能燃料中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多新物質(zhì);第二段說這種太陽能燃料可以替代傳統(tǒng)能源。故選C項。7.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Eachwatermoleculeconsistsofoneoxygenatomandtwohydrogenatoms...tocreatehydrocarbonfuels,creatingaplentifulandrenewableenergysource.”可知,每個水分子由一個氧原子和兩個氫原子組成……去制造碳氫化合物燃料,從而創(chuàng)造出一種豐富的可再生能源。故選C項。8.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theproblem,however,isthatwatermoleculesdonotsimplybreakdownwhensunlightshinesonthem...Theyneedalittlehelpfromasolar-poweredcatalyst.”可知,問題是當陽光照射到水分子時,它們不會簡單分解……它們需要一種太陽能催化劑的幫助。故選B項。9.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)