必修第三冊(cè)Unit5閱讀理解題組——練速度(35mins)閱讀理解ATrafficlights,ortrafficsignals,arelocatedonmostmajorcornersincitiesandtownsaroundtheworld.Thered,yellowandgreenlightsletusknowwhenitissafetodrivethroughtheintersection(十字路口)andwhentowalkacrossthestreetaswellaswhentostopandletotherdrivers,bikersandpedestrianstaketheirturnstocontinueontheirway.Trafficjamswereaproblemevenbeforetheinventionoftheautomobile.Horse-drawncarriagesandpedestrianscrowdedtheroadsofLondoninthe1860s.ABritishrailwaymanager,JohnPeakeKnight,suggestedadaptingarailroadmethodforcontrollingtraffic.Railroadsusedasemaphore(信號(hào))systemwithsmallarmsextendingfromapoletoindicatewhetheratraincouldpassornot.InKnight'sadaptation,semaphoreswouldsignal“stop”and“go”duringtheday,andatnightredandgreenlightswouldbeused.Gaslampswouldlightupthesignatnight.Apoliceofficerwouldbestationednexttothesignalstooperatethem.Theworld'sfirsttrafficsignalwasinstalledin1868,attheintersectionofBridgeStreetandGreatGeorgeStreetintheLondonborough(行政區(qū))ofWestminster,neartheHousesofParliamentandWestminsterBridge.ItwasasuccessandKnightpredictedmorewouldbeinstalled.However,onlyonemonthlater,apoliceofficercontrollingthesignalwasbadlyinjuredwhenaleakinagasmaincausedoneofthelightstoexplodeinhisface.Theprojectwasdeclaredapublichealthhazardandimmediatelydropped.Followingtheaccident,aboutfourdecadespassedbeforetrafficsignalsbegantogrowinpopularityagain,mainlyintheUnitedStatesasmoreautomobileshittheroad.Theearly1900ssawseveralpatentsbeingfiled,eachwithadifferentinnovationtothebasicidea.ThefirstelectrictrafficlightusingredandgreenlightswasinventedbyLesterFarnsworthWire,apoliceofficerinSaltLakeCity,Utah.Wire'strafficsignalresembledafour-sidedbirdhousemountedonatallpole.Itwasplacedinthemiddleofanintersectionandwaspoweredbyoverheadtrolleywires.Apoliceofficerhadtomanuallyswitchthedirectionofthelights.1.Whatbenefitdotrafficlightsbringtotheworld?A.Theyletthepedestriansknowhowtocrosstheintersection.B.Theydecoratemostmaincornersincitiesandtownsaroundtheworld.C.Theyhelptosolvetheproblemsoftrafficblocks.D.Theykeepussafebystoppingdrivers,bikersandpedestrians.2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs2&3?A.Knightinventedelectrictrafficlightstoeasetrafficjams.B.Asemaphoresystemcontainedsmallarmsextendingfromapoletoguidetrains.C.Semaphoresonlyworkedduringtheday.D.Knight'ssignalsystemrequiredapolicemantoguarditallday.3.Thepurposeoftheauthormentioningtheexplosionofthefirsttrafficsignalisto.

A.tellusthesuccessofthefirsttrafficsignalB.showtheawkwardnessofthefirsttrafficsignalC.showhowcarelessthepoliceofficerwasD.tellusKnight'sdetermination4.Whatisthemainfactorbehindtherapiddevelopmentoftrafficsignals?A.Theimprovementofthetrafficsignals.B.Theemergenceoflargenumbersofcars.C.Theaccidentcausedbythetrafficsignals.D.Moreautomobileaccidentsontheroad.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Whoinventedthetrafficlight?B.AboomintrafficlightsC.ThehistoryoftrafficlightsD.ThemysteryoftrafficlightsBWhatwillpoweryourhouseinthefuture?Nuclear,wind,orsolarpower?AccordingtothescientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)intheUS,itmightbeartificialleaves.Naturalleavesareabletochangesunlightandwaterintoenergy.Itisknownasphotosynthesis(光合作用).Nowresearchershavefoundawaytoimitatethisprocess.TheartificialleafdevelopedbyDanielNoceraandhiscolleaguesatMITcanbeseenasaspecialsiliconchipwithcatalysts(催化劑).Similartonaturalleaves,itcansplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygenwhenputintoabucketofwater.Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarethenstoredinafuelcell(燃料電池),usingthosetwomaterialstoproduceelectricity,locatedeitherontopofahouseorbesidethehouse.Thoughtheleafisonlyabouttheshapeofapokercard,scientistsclaimedthatitispromisingtobeaninexpensivesourceofelectricityindevelopingcountries.“OnecanimaginevillagesinIndiaandAfricanotlongfromnowpurchasinganaffordablebasicpowersystembasedonthistechnology,”saidanAmericanscientist,Nocera.Anartificialleafisnotanewidea.Thefirstartificialleafwasinventedin1997butwastooexpensiveandunstableforpracticaluse.Thenewleaf,however,ismadeofcheapmaterials,easytouseandhighlystable.Inlaboratorystudies,Nocerashowedthatanartificialleafcouldoperatecontinuouslyforatleast45hours.ThewonderfulimprovementscomefromNocera'srecentdiscoveryofseveralpowerfulandinexpensivecatalysts.Thesecatalystsmaketheenergytransformationinsidetheleafmoreefficientwithwaterandsunlight.Rightnowthenewleafisabout10timesmoreeffectiveatcarryingoutphotosynthesisthananaturalone.Besides,thedevicecanruninwhateverwaterisavailable.Thisisimportantforsomecountriesthatdon'thaveaccesstopurewater.Hopefully,eachhomecouldhaveaccesstothenewapplicationinthefuture.6.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto.

A.introduceanewkindofdeviceB.askpeopletodotheresearchC.advertisetheartificialleafD.showtheprocessofphotosynthesis7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthenewleaf?A.It'slowincost.B.It'ssmallinsize.C.Ithasawonderfulfuelcell.D.It'sconvenientforpeopletouse.8.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetext?A.Nocerathoughtthenewleafisexpensivefordevelopingcountries.B.VillagesinAfricahavebenefitedalotfromthenewinvention.C.Siliconchipscanhelpthenewleafworkmoreeffectively.D.Theequipmentdoesn'tnecessarilyoperateinpurewater.9.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsthenewdevice?A.Negative.B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful. D.Uncertain.10.Accordingtothetext,whatwilltakeplaceinthefuture?A.Naturalleaveswilltaketheplaceofartificialleaves.B.Scientistswilldevelopmorewaystoproduceenergy.C.Thenewinventioncouldbewidelyusedinthefuture.D.Developingcountrieswillcontributemoretotheresearch.CThereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion(排除)ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective(視角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(專長(zhǎng)).Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.11.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.

A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife12.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.

A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoymeetingfunnypeople13.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.

A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork14.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralistDAnewreportsaysplasticsareresponsiblefor$13billionindamagetotheoceansandtheunderseaenvironment.ThefindingswereannouncedataUNconference.Thereporttellsabouttheharmofplasticstosealifeandwhatmightbedonetoimprovethesituation.Plasticthrownawaycarelesslymakesitswayintoriversandotherwaterways.Theplasticeventuallyreachescoastalareasandoceanwaters.Afterawhile,itcollectsinthesea.Andplasticnevergoesaway.Plasticisnotbiodegradable—destroyedbybacteria(細(xì)菌)ornaturalprocesses.Instead,itjustbreaksupintosmallerpiecesovertime.Theoceanscontainalotofchemicalsandotherpollutants.Theremainsofsuchproductsmayfindtheirwaytoplasticsfloatinginseawater.Then,fishmayeattheplastics.Thatmeansharmfulmaterialmaygetintoourfoodsupply.Butpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.Theycanusefewersingle-useproductcontainersandthrowplasticsawaycorrectly.Plasticrecyclingprogramsalsowork—whereoldbottlesandotherplasticsarecollected,brokendownandusedtomakenewproducts.Peopleshouldreallycareabouttheenvironment.Humanbeingscausepollutionandtheycantakestepstostopit.Wecouldreusebottlesinourhouseholdsmanytimesifwewishto,ratherthanendingitafterthefirstuse.Wecould,whenwegetridofthatplastic,recycleitandreuseit,whichreplacestheneedforrawmaterials.Anotherreportcallsoncompaniestoimprovemethodsforusingplastics.Thereportasksforthemtobettermeasureanddirectplasticuse.Anditcallsforinformationaboutthewayplasticisthrownoutorremovedfromuse.Byputtinganewvalueonplastic,industryhasaspecialreasontocleanuptheenvironment.Butallofsocietymustjointodealwiththeproblem.16.What’sthenewreportmainlyabout?A.Difficultyingettingridofplasticsintheocean.B.Plasticpollutionandwaystosolveit.C.Goodmethodstoreuseplastics.D.Damagetosealifecausedbywasteplastics.17.Whydoestheharmfromplasticsinthesealastforever?A.Ittakeslongforplasticstobreakup.B.Plasticsnevermovetootherplaces.C.Fisheseatsmallpiecesofplastics.D.Plasticscannotbedestroyed.18.Thepollutionofplasticsintheseawillendup.

A.pollutingtheairB.affectingsealifeC.pollutingourfoodD.damagingcropsonland19.HowcanwestoptheharmofplasticsaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Recycleplasticproducts.B.Giveupusingplasticbags.C.Improveplasticproducts.D.Throwawaytheplasticsafterthefirstuse.20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Companiesshouldmakefulluseofplasticmaterials.B.Itistimeforcompaniestostopmakingplasticproducts.C.Companiesshouldmakecompletelynewplasticproducts.D.It'samustforthewholesocietytofightagainstplasticpollution.

必修第三冊(cè)Unit5閱讀理解題組——練速度1.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thered,yellowandgreenlightsletusknowwhenitissafetodrivethroughtheintersection(紅、黃、綠燈讓我們知道什么時(shí)候駛過十字路口是安全的)”可知,交通信號(hào)燈幫助解決交通阻塞的問題。故選C項(xiàng)。2.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Railroadsusedasemaphoresystemwithsmallarmsextendingfromapoletoindicatewhetheratraincouldpassornot.(鐵路公司使用一種信號(hào)標(biāo)系統(tǒng),小手臂從桿子中伸出來指示火車是否可以通過。)”可知選B項(xiàng)。3.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知,在第一個(gè)信號(hào)燈出現(xiàn)爆炸事故后,信號(hào)燈系統(tǒng)就被立即停用了。故選B項(xiàng)。4.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Followingtheaccident,aboutfourdecadespassedbeforetrafficsignalsbegantogrowinpopularityagain,mainlyintheUnitedStatesasmoreautomobileshittheroad.(事故發(fā)生后,大約40年過去了,交通信號(hào)燈才開始再次流