必修第一冊(cè)Unit1閱讀理解題組——練速度(35mins)閱讀理解A(2024·天津3月卷)Humanshaveevolved(進(jìn)化)tospendlongperiodsdoingphysicalexercise.Butwhydoesn’teveryoneenjoyexercising?Thecomplexityofthehumanbrainistoblame.Evolvinganabilitydoesn’tautomaticallymeanwe’llwanttouseit.Whilephysicalexerciseisn’tthatbad,it’sstilltypicallyunpleasant.Ithastobe:you’repushingyourbodytoitsphysicallimits,whichleadstosignificantdiscomfort.Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.Studieshaveshownthatitcalculatestheeffortrequiredforactionsandtendstostopusfromsquanderingvitalresourcesonfruitlessefforts,likewalkingover30kmforahandfulofberries.Thethingis,regularexercisetoget“inshape”requiresconstantandconsiderableeffort—allforgradualprogressanduncertainrewards.So,yourbrain’stendencytoask,“Isitworthit?”willbehardtoquieten.Thisparticularfeaturealsomeanswetypicallypreferthingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward.Thankfully,thehumanbrainisacomplexorgan.Itisn’truledbyitsmoreprimitivedrives.Whilemanyspecies’thoughtprocessesarelimitedto“Food,eatit!”,“Danger,run!”,“Pain,avoid!”,we’veevolvedbeyondthat.Ourbrainscanformmultiplelong-termgoalsandambitions.Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario(情況),figureouthowwe’dachieveit,anddojustthat.Oratleastworktowardit.Thisdirectlyimpactshowourbrainprocessesmotivationandwillpower.Itmakesuscapableofdelayedgratification(滿足):wecanrecognizethatrejectingarewardnowcanleadtoagreaterrewardlater,andactaccordingly.Sohowdoesthebrainprocessmotivation?Theself-discrepancy(自我差異)theorysuggestswehaveseveral“selves”activeinourmindsatanygiventime:our“actual”self,our“ideal”self,andour“ought”self.Your“actual”selfishowyouarerightnow.Your“ideal”selfiswhatyouwanttobe.Andyour“ought”selfistheselfthatdoeswhatyououghttobedoingtobecomeyour“ideal”self.So,ifyour“ideal”selfisaprofessionalfootballer,andyour“actual”selfisn’t,your“ought”selfistheonethatspendsalotoftimetraining,exercising,andgettingbetteratfootball.Asfarasyourbrainisconcerned,thereareprocessesthatdiscourageexercise,andprocessesthatencourageit.Ideally,you’llendupputtingmoreweightonthelatterthantheformer.1.Whatcanbelearntfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Somepeoplearebornphysicallyweakerthanothers.B.Somepeopledislikedrivingthemselvestoohardphysically.C.Mostpeoplehavethehabitofdoingphysicalexercise.D.Mostpeopledophysicalexerciseforcomfortandpleasure.2.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“squandering”inParagraph3?A.Conserving.B.Mixing.C.Misusing. D.Sharing.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A.Toraiseaquestion.B.Toprovideadefinition.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Tofurtherexplainapoint.4.Accordingtotheauthor,howarehumansdifferentfrommanyotherspecies?A.Humansareabletopictureafavorablefuture.B.Humansbenefitmorefrompainfulexperiences.C.Humanscaremoreaboutimmediaterewards.D.Humansareskilledatavoidingdangers.5.Accordingtotheself-discrepancytheory,whopresentsthemostactive“ought”self?A.Afootballerdreamingofbecomingamoviestar.B.AstudenteatingpotatochipswhilewatchingTV.C.Aprofessionaldancerperformingatatheatre.D.AswimmertrainingtowinanOlympicmedal.BWhenpeopleaskmehowIstartedwriting,IfindmyselfdescribinganurgentneedthatIfelttoworkwithlanguage.Havingsaidthat,IdidnotknowforalongtimewhatIwaslookingfor.ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.Withsomeencouragementfrommycolleagues,Ihadoneofmypoemspublished.Thisbitofsuccess,however,wasthepointwheremyproblembegan.Backin1978,Ihadtotravelbetweenthreedifferentcampusesinthemorning,teachingfreshmancomposition.AfternoonsIspenttakingmydaughtertoherballetandhorse-ridinglessons.Icomposedmylecturesontheway,andthatwasallthethinkingtimeIhad.WhenIreturnedhome,therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingafterafullworkingday.Asawayout,Idecidedtogetuptwohoursbeforemyusualtime.Myalarmwassetfor5:00am.ThefirstdayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.TheseconddayIsettwoclocks,oneonmynighttable,andoneoutinthehallway.Ihadtojumpoutofbedandruntosilenceitbeforemyfamilywasawoken.Thiswaswhenmymorningwritingbegan.Sincethatfirstmorningin1978,Ihavebeenfollowingthehabittothisday,notmakingoracceptingmanyexcusesfornotwriting.Iwrotemypoemsinthismannerfornearlytenyearsbeforemyfirstbookwaspublished.WhenIdecidedtowriteanovel,Idividedmytwohours:thefirstforpoetry,thesecondforfiction.Wellorbadly,Iwroteatleasttwopagesaday.Thisishowmynovel,TheLineoftheSun,wasfinished.IfIhadwaitedtohavethetime,Iwouldstillbewaitingtowritemynovel.WhatIgotoutofgettingupinthedarktoworkisthefeelingthatIamincontrol.Formanypeople,theinitialsenseofurgencytocreateeasilydiesawaybecauseitrequiresmakingthetoughdecision:takingthetimetocreate,stealingitfromyourselfifit'stheonlyway.6.Whatmotivatedtheauthortostartherwritingcareer?A.Herstrongwishtoshare.B.Herkeeninterestinwriting.C.Herurgentneedtomakealiving.D.Herpassionatedesireforfame.7.Whatproblemdidtheauthorfacewhenshedecidedtobeginherwriting?A.Shewastooexhaustedtowriteafterabusyday.B.Shehadtroubleindecidingonherwritingstyle.C.Shehadtotaketimetodisciplineherdaughter.D.Shewasunsureaboutherwritingskills.8.Whydidtheauthorplaceanalarmclockinthehallway?A.Incasetheclockinherroombrokedown.B.Incaseshefailedtoheartheringing.C.Toforceherselfoutofbed.D.Towakeupherfamily.9.Howdidtheauthormanagetofinishhernovel?A.Bystickingtowritingeverymorning.B.Bywritingwhenhermindwasmostactive.C.Bydrawinginspirationsfromclassicnovels.D.Byreducingherteachinghoursatschool.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'ssuccessinherwritingcareer?A.Itisnevertoolatetochangeyourjob.B.Imaginativeideasdieawayifnottakenintime.C.Atightscheduleisnoexcuseforlackofaction.D.Dailylifeprovidesideasforcreativewriting.CSportsfandomisaboutmorethanjustentertainment.Itcanboostyourself-esteem(自尊)andmakeyouhappier—andyoudon'thavetorootforthewinningteamtogainthebenefits.Beingasportsfanisa“verypsychologicallyhealthyactivity,”saysDanielWann,professoratMurrayStateUniversitywhoseresearchprogramcentersonthepsychologyofsportsfandom.“Fandomconnectsustootherlike-mindedpeople,whichsatisfiesourhumanneedforbelonging,”hesays.“Theserelationshipsaresignificant:Peoplewhoareidentifiedassportsfanshavehigherlevelsofself-esteem,andlowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirlivescomparedtothosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports,”Wannsays.Fanstendtohavemoreaccesstosocialsupport,helpandresourcesaswell.Researchsuggeststhatwhenpeoplehavesupportfromtheircommunities,theyhavebetterhealth.“Beyondbonding,fansgettoenjoythepsychologicalbenefitsofwinning,eveniftheyhavenothingtodowiththeplayersorgames,”saysStephenReysen,associateprofessoratTexasA&MUniversity-Commercewhostudiesidentityandfandom.“Individualsfeelthatthefaninterest(inthiscaseasportsteam)isapartofthem,”Reysensays.“Sowhentheteamiswinning,youfeellikeyouarewinningeventhoughyouarenotaplayer.”O(jiān)fcourse,teamssometimeslose.So,whydopeoplecontinuetoputtheirfaithbehindteamsthattendtolose?“Peoplewhofeelastrongpsychologicalconnectiontoateamaremorelikelytorootforateamwhenthey'rehavingalosingseason,”Reysensays.“Sportsfandomhasnothingtodowiththeoutcomeofagame,”Wannsays.Forexample,ifapizzarestaurantcontinuallygotyourorderwrong,you'dlikelyswitchtoamorereliableone.Butbecausebeingafanissocentraltopeople'sidentities,peoplearewillingtoacceptdefeatandcontinuetobeloyaltoateam.Beingpartofafancommunitycanalsohelppeoplecopewithlosses.A2019studyfoundthatwatchingafootballgamewithotherfanshelpedtoeasethenegativepsychologicaleffectsoflosing.“Forfansofthelosingteam,sharingthepainmayhaveprotectedthemfromlosingself-esteem,”SilviaKnobloch-Westerwick,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofcommunicationattheOhioStateUniversitysaidinarelease.11.Accordingtothepassage,whydosportsfansfeelhappier?A.Becausetheycangainthebenefitsfromthewinningteam.B.Becausetheycansharepainsandhappinesswithpeoplewhohavethecommoninterests.C.Becausetheycanhavealowlevelofself-esteem.D.Becausemostofthemareoptimistic.12.Whatisthesignificanceoftherelationshipsbetweensportsfans?A.Sportsfanshavesupportfromtheirfavoriteteams.B.Sportsfanshavehigherlevelsofloneliness.C.Sportsfansarelikelymorecontentwiththeirlives.D.Sportsfanstendtocomparethemselvestothosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports.13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheteamhasalosingseason,thesportsfansmay.

A.displaytheiridentitiesB.haveaboostofself-esteemC.notsupporttheteamanymoreD.haveanegativepsychologyperiod14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelpsportsfansdealwithlossesoftheirteam?A.Beingpartoftheteam.B.Orderingapizzainadifferentrestaurant.C.Sharingthepainwithfamilymembers.D.Theloyaltytotheteam.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Sportsfanshaveacloserrelationshipwithotherlike-mindedpeople.B.Sportsfanshavehigherself-esteemandaremoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.C.Sportsfansalwaysputtheirfaithbehindtheirfavoriteteams.D.Sportsfandomhasnothingtodowiththeoutcomeofagame.DMoscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomicswithcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants(移民)howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100guideisneededto“maintainapositiveimage”ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce“tensions”betweennativesandmigrants.Butsomepeoplehavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmaybeviewedasantagonistsinthemanual(使用手冊(cè)).Theythinkmigrantsandnativesshouldlivetogetherinharmony.RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.ManymigrantsarriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.ThenewguideinRussiaseekstoexplainthe“dos”and“don'ts”tomigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinelystopthemtochecktheirdocuments.Inthemanual,Russia'sfamous“threewarriors”aremeanttorepresentthecity'slawenforcementagencies,whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky(ahistoricalcharacter)isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia'slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow'sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported(驅(qū)逐出境)orbannedfromentry.“Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,”AlexanderKalinin,whoheadsthegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,said.“Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,”headded.“Inthebeginningmigrantshadbeenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferentnationalities,butthebook'sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas‘nottooffendanyone',”saidMrKalinin.“TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersappearsagain,”YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexpertsaid.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe“difficult”tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.16.Theunderlinedword“antagonists”inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby.

A.strangers B.opponentsC.competitors D.acquaintances17.PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow.

A.toenjoythefineclimateB.tohaveanewlifestyleC.tofindoccupationswithgoodincomesD.toexperienceanewculture18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanual?A.Itmaynotmakemigrantsandnativesliveinharmony.B.Itisfulloffunnystoriesfromfairytales.C.Itaimstoprotecttherightsoflocalsandmigrants.D.Itsetsstrictandcruelrulestomigrants.19.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thebookwillmakeiteasyforforeignmigrantstoread.B.Foreignmigrantsmayfindthemanualinterestingtoread.C.TheRussianlanguageishardforforeignmigrantstolearn.D.Foreignmigrantsmayhavedifficultyreadingthemanual.20.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussiaB.MoreandmoreforeignmigrantsworkinMoscowC.MoscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehaveD.CharactersfromRussianfairytalesattractpublicattention

必修第一冊(cè)Unit1閱讀理解題組——練速度1.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butwhydoesn’teveryoneenjoyexercising?”和第二段中“Whilephysicalexerciseisn’tthatbad,it’sstilltypicallyunpleasant.Ithastobe:you’repushingyourbodytoitsphysicallimits,whichleadstosignificantdiscomfort.”可知,有些人不喜歡鍛煉是身體被迫達(dá)到體能極限時(shí)會(huì)感到明顯不適。由此可知,有些人不喜歡對(duì)自己的身體施加太大的壓力。故選B項(xiàng)。2.C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.Studieshaveshownthatitcalculatestheeffortrequiredforactions”可知,人腦對(duì)無謂的努力很抵觸。由此可知,此處指“它會(huì)阻止我們將重要資源浪費(fèi)在無效的努力上”,畫線詞的意思應(yīng)該是“浪費(fèi),濫用”,與Misusing意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。3.D解析推理判斷題。第三段中的“Anotherissueisthatthehumanbrainishighlysensitivetowastedeffort.”指出人腦對(duì)無謂的努力很抵觸,第四段“Thethingis,regularexercisetoget‘inshape’requiresconstantandconsiderableeffort...Thisparticularfeaturealsomeanswetypicallypreferthingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward”用規(guī)律鍛煉以保持身材的例子具體說明人腦的這種工作機(jī)制。由此可知,作者寫第四段的目的是進(jìn)一步解釋上文的觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。4.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Whilemanyspecies’thoughtprocessesarelimitedto‘Food,eatit!’,‘Danger,run!’,‘Pain,avoid!’...Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario(情況),figureouthowwe’dachieveit,anddojustthat.”可知,人類與許多其他物種的不同之處在于,人類能夠想象一個(gè)美好的未來。故選A項(xiàng)。5.D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Andyour‘ought’selfistheselfthatdoeswhatyououghttobedoingtobecomeyour‘ideal’self...alotoftimetraining,exercising,andgettingbetteratfootball.”可知,“自我差異”理論認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該”自我會(huì)使人為奮斗目標(biāo)持續(xù)努力。由此可知,為贏得奧運(yùn)獎(jiǎng)牌而訓(xùn)練的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員表現(xiàn)出最活躍的“應(yīng)該”自我。故選D項(xiàng)。6.B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“...IfindmyselfdescribinganurgentneedthatIfelttoworkwithlanguage.”和第三句“ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.”可知,作者感覺自己迫切需要從事語言工作,直到追溯這種感覺的根源才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己熱愛寫作,所以是作者對(duì)寫作的強(qiáng)烈興趣促使她開始了自己的寫作生涯。故選B項(xiàng)。7.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“WhenIreturnedhome,therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingafterafullworkingday.”可知,當(dāng)作者忙完了一整天的工作回到家后,已經(jīng)沒有足夠的精力去寫作了。故選A項(xiàng)。8.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“ThefirstdayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.”和倒數(shù)第二句“Ihadtojumpoutofbedandruntosilenceitbeforemyfamilywasawoken.”可知,作者第一天關(guān)掉鬧鐘后又睡著了,所以作者把鬧鐘放在門廳是為了強(qiáng)迫自己起床。故選C項(xiàng)。9.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sincethatfirstmorningin1978,Ihavebeenfollowingthehabittothisday...”和“Wellorbadly,