必修第一冊(cè)Unit5閱讀理解題組——練速度(35mins)閱讀理解AAscientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologistshavearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby'sinvestigationandthescientist'sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?).Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn'tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolution(進(jìn)化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(認(rèn)知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”1.Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,.

A.ababy'splayisnothingmorethanagameB.scientificresearchintobabies'gamesispossibleC.thenatureofbabies'playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD.ababy'splayissomehowsimilartoascientist'sexperiment2.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that.

A.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo3.Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby.

A.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsychologyC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparents'behaviors4.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.5.Whatistheauthor'stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists'researchandbabies'play?A.Convincing. B.Confused.C.Confident. D.Cautious.BLongago,poemswererecitedoutloudinsteadofbeingwrittendown.BackwhentheGreeksfirststartedtheOlympics,theyheldpoetrycontestsaswellasathleticcompetitions.Now,poetrycompetitionshavebeenrevived.Thisyear120,000highschoolstudentscompetedinthefirstPoetryOutLoudnationalrecitationcontest,performingpoemsfrommemoryfor$100,000inprizes.Thefirstcompetitionswereheldinclassrooms.Thewinnerswentontoschoolwidecontests,andthentheycompetedincityandstatecompetitions,andthenthe50statechampions,alongwiththeDistrictofColumbiachampion,cametoWashington,D.C.,lastweekforthelastshowdown(對(duì)決).Afterthe51championscompetedagainstoneanother,12wentontothefinals.Thenthefieldwasnarrowedtofive.Thefinalfivehadonelastchanceto“perform”apoem.Theoverallchamp,JacksonHille,ahighschoolseniorfromOhio,wona$20,000scholarship.TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsandthePoetryFoundationstartedPoetryOutLoudbecausetheyrealizedthathearingapoemperformedisadifferentexperiencefromreadingitonthepage.It'snotjustamatterofsayingthewordsintherightorder.It'sthetoneofvoice,thepauses,thegestures,andtheattitudeofthepersonperformingthatbringthewordstolife.“Eachtimewehearsomebodyreciteapoem,weunderstandagainwhatwefoundfreshandinterestingaboutit,”saysNationalPublicRadiobroadcasterScottSimon,masterofceremoniesforthefinals.Hearingitinanewvoiceofferssomethingnewtothelistener.Notonlydothepeoplehearingpoemshaveanewexperience,memorizingandpresentingpoemshelpstheparticipantsunderstandthosepoemsinanewway.AnotherbenefitofacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublic-speakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.6.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknow.

A.theGreekswerethefirsttowritepoemsB.theOlympicsusedtostartwithpoemrecitingC.poemswerespreadorallyinthepastD.athleteswereaskedtorecitepoemsbeforecompeting7.HowmanyroundsofcompetitionsdidthechampionstakebeforetheywenttoWashington,D.C.?A.Three. B.Four.C.Five. D.Six.8.Accordingtothepassage,hearingapoemrecitedinanewvoicecan.

A.bringanewlifetolistenersB.helplistenersfindtheirinterestC.makelistenerslearnthewordsD.offersomethingnewtolisteners9.OnebenefittheparticipantsgetfromacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheycan.

A.becomeconfidentwhilespeakinginpublicB.writegoodpoemsthemselvesC.changetheirattitudestowardslifeD.makefriendswithmanygreatpoets10.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RecitingpoemsimprovesyourmemoryB.RememberingalotofpoemsisfunC.PoetshaveagreattimeD.PoetryrocksthemicrophoneCWhenItellpeopleIwroteabookwithmydad,theyusuallysay,“Itmustbenicetothinkofthelegacy(留下來的東西)youcreatedwithsomeonewhomeanssomuchtoyou.”Thiswasabeautifulidea,butitwasnotthewayI,ormydad,everthoughtaboutthecooperation.Thoughwecreatedsomethingwe'reproudof,“nice”isnotthewordeitherofususestodescribetheprocess.“Itwasmoreconfrontationthancooperation,”mydadlikestosay.Iagree.Whenwelandedabookdeal,webeganawritingjourneythatwasmoredifficultthaneitherofushadanticipated,butalsofarmorerewarding.Foralmostthreeyears,wemetonceortwiceaweekatmyparents'houseandtalkedabouttheplanandtheoutlineofeachchapter.Afterthesemeetings,oneofuswouldwritearoughdraftthattheotherwouldbuildon.Iwantedthebooktofocusonpositivevices(不良習(xí)慣),suchasmoderatechocolate.However,mydadfeltthebookshouldincludechaptersdealingwiththingslikewalkingandspendingtimewithfamily.Ultimately,Isawithisway.Hesaidthebookwasaboutmorethanjustpositiveadvice.Itwasaboutencouragingpeopletoenjoylifeinhealthyways.Writingthisbookwasareminderthatourfamilymemberssharenotonlyourfaultsbutalsoourstrengths.Mydadissmart,funny,criticalandcaring.Hehasastrongpassionforthetruth.IhopeIsharethesegreatqualities.Forthisbook,heresearchedeachtopicwithenthusiasmI'dneverseenfromhim,andheinsistedthatweconstantlyquestionandcriticallyanalyzeeverypieceofinformation—evenourownconclusions.Hewasdeterminedtocooperatewithmeonabook,notbecausehecouldn'twriteoneonhisown,butbecausehebelievedthatwecouldcreatesomethingbettertogetherthanwecouldalone.I'mnotsureifourcooperationledtobetterwriting,butI'msureitledtoabetterwritingexperience.Writingthisbookwasdifficult,sometimesmoredifficultthanpastprojects,butitwasneverlonely.11.Howwouldtheauthordescribethewritingprocessaccordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Nice. B.Struggling.C.Relaxing. D.Disappointing.12.Theauthor'sfatherinsistedthebookshouldinclude.

A.chaptersfocusingonpositiveadviceB.chaptersfocusingonhavingmuchchocolateC.chaptersfocusingonenjoyinglifeinhealthywaysD.chaptersfocusingonreadingtheinterestinglegends13.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Ahealthylifestyle.B.Thethemeofthebook.C.Whytheauthorwantedtowritethebook.D.Howtheauthorandhisfatherworkedtogether.14.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'sfather?A.Heisnotgoodatwriting.B.Helacksconfidenceinhimself.C.Helikestocriticizeothers'works.D.Helikestogettothebottomofthings.15.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromthecooperationwithhisfather?A.It'simportanttomakeaplanbeforework.B.Communicatemorewhenthereisanargument.C.It'sworthwhiletoworkwithsomeoneclosetoyou.D.Theircooperationresultedinabetterbookthantheauthorexpected.DTheHopeDiamondisoneoftheworld'smostfamousjewels.Itwasinthepossessionofaseriesofpeople:kings,bankers,richwomenandthieves,beforeitsarrival60yearsagoattheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,D.C.Asararebluediamond,ithasacomplexsocialhistory,tobesure.But,farmoresoisitsgeologicalhistory,researcherssayinanewreport.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehascomeupwithafact-basedstudyormodelforhowbluediamondsform.

Thegrouplookedat42bluediamonds,includingonefromSouthAfricathatrecentlysoldfor$25millionin2016.Researcherscouldtellwherethestoneswereformedbasedontheverysmallmineralstrappedinside.Diamondsareahard,clearformofpurecarboncalledacrystal(結(jié)晶).Theyformunderextremeheatandpressure.Bluediamondscrystallizealongsidewater-bearingmineralsthatlongagowerepartofthefloorofthesea.Butthesemineralswerepusheddeeperundergroundduringthemovementoftheearth'splates.Scientistsalreadyknewthesediamondsreceivedtheirbluecolorfromtheelementboron(硼).Thestudysaysthatboronhadoncebeeninoceanwaterbutwaseventuallypushedintotheseafloorrock.Overmillionsofyears,theboroncontinuedtomovedeepunderground.Manydiamondsappearcolorless.Often,however,theyhavesomeyellowcolor.Stillothershavealightbrown,pinkorgreencolor.About99percentofalldiamondsformsomewherebetween150to200kilometersunderground,afarshallowerbirthplacethantheirbluerelations.“Thesediamondsareamongthedeepesteverfound,”theCarnegieInstitutionforSciencegeochemistStevenShireysaidofthebluediamonds.16.BysayingtheunderlinedpartinParagraph2,theresearchersmeanthebluediamond.

A.wasformedinextremeweatherB.hasaverycomplexforminghistoryC.hasafar-reachinginfluenceinsocietyD.usedtobeverypopularamongrichpeople17.Howcouldresearchersknowthebluediamonds'birthplaces?A.Byobservingtheircolors.B.Bystudyingtheirstructures.C.Byreferringtowheretheywerefound.D.Byexaminingtinysubstancesinthem.18.Whatmakesthediamondsappearblue?A.Thewater.B.Extremeheatandpressure.C.Aspecialmatter.D.Theseafloorrock.19.Whatisspecialaboutbluediamondscomparedwithdiamondsofothercolors?A.Theycontainseveralcolors.B.Theyforminmuchdeeperunderground.C.Theycomeintobeinginadifferentway.D.Theyarefoundneartheearth'ssurface.20.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThesocialstatusoftheHopeDiamond.B.ThediscoveryoftheHopeDiamond.C.Theformationofthebluediamond.D.Thediversityofdiamonds.

必修第一冊(cè)Unit5閱讀理解題組——練速度1.D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中“...somedevelopmentalpsychologistshavearguedthatthis‘play'ismorelikeascientificinvestigation...”可知,科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和孩子的玩耍這兩種行為均包含一種共性。D項(xiàng)中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike為同義詞替換。2.D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在第二段中,作者通過實(shí)例論證了嬰兒的玩耍和科學(xué)家們的實(shí)驗(yàn)兩者間存在的共性,即目的、方法和邏輯相同。注意該段落最后一句話括號(hào)中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld,D項(xiàng)中的collect和gathering屬于同義詞替換。故選D項(xiàng)。3.C解析推理判斷題。推理判斷的起點(diǎn)是第三段第一句中usingsimilarmeans這一說明。既然調(diào)查人類心理和語言規(guī)則的方法同上,則應(yīng)該從上文的第二段中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的方法,即第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的throughrepeatedexperiments,因此選擇C項(xiàng)。4.B解析段落大意題。段落的首句為該段的主旨句。該句句意:把兒童的發(fā)展看作是一個(gè)科學(xué)研究的過程,這闡明了孩子學(xué)習(xí)的方法;同時(shí)也對(duì)怎樣看待科學(xué)和科學(xué)家具有啟示性意義。因此研究嬰兒的玩耍的科學(xué)性可以更好地理解科學(xué)本身的發(fā)展,故B項(xiàng)正確。5.D解析推理判斷題。該題要求判斷作者的語氣(tone),需從作者的用詞來作出判斷,特別是副詞、形容詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等的使用。第一段中的“Perhaps”,第二段中的“Itislikelythat...,may,appear”,第三段中的“may”,以及第四段中的“Perhaps,may”等這些詞都說明了作者在下結(jié)論或作出判斷時(shí)所持有的謹(jǐn)慎(cautious)態(tài)度。6.C解析推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知,在很久以前詩歌是大聲朗誦出來的,而不是寫下來的。故選C項(xiàng)。7.B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段內(nèi)容可知,在前往華盛頓參加決賽前,選手要進(jìn)行competitionsheldinclassrooms,schoolwidecontests,citycompetitions