（新高考）2022屆高考考前沖刺卷英語（十）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2．選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3．非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AToimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.TellurideAssociationSummerProgram(TASP)TASPisasix-weekprogramallowinghighschoolfreshmanfromaroundtheworldtogrowtheirsenseofinterpersonalawarenessandcommunityresponsibility.It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience(MITES)Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.MITESisfree—theonlyexpenseisthetransportationtoandfromMIT.ClarkScholarProgram(CSP)Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.Everythingisfreeforchosenapplicantsexcepttheirmeals.JCampTheseven-weekonebringshighschoolfreshmanandsophomoresfromvariousbackgroundstogetherforparticipatinginsessionsandworkshopsledbynotablejournalistswherestudentscangethands-ontraininginjournalism.JCampisfreeifselected-participantsonlyneedtopayfortheboard.1.WhatcanbeexpectedofMITES?A.Itisaccessibletoworldwidestudents.B.Itlaysafoundationforcareerprospect.C.Itmakesnoextrachargefortransportation.D.Itawardsstudentsadvancedtechnicaldegrees.2.WhichprogramissuitableforaUKhighschoolerwithupto5spareweeks?A.TASP. B.MITES. C.CSP. D.JCamp.3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprograms?A.Toseekforone-on-oneinstruction.B.Todevelopasenseofsocialduty.C.Togetparticipantsbetterpreparedforcollege.D.Toadvertisesomemajorsofthetopuniversities.BSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.4.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.5.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.6.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable B.Tolerant C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?CFritillariaplantscanbeeasilyspotted.TheusuallybrightgreenplantsoftenstandaloneamidtherocksatthetopoftheHimalayanandHengduanmountainsinsouthwesternChina—easypickingsfortraditionalChinesemedicineherbalists,who’vegroundthebulbs(鱗莖)ofFritillariaintoacough-treatingpowderformorethan2,000years.Thedemandforthebulbsisintense,sinceabout3,500ofthemareneededtoproduceonekilogramofthepowder,worthabout$480.ButsomeFritillariaareremarkablydifficulttofind,withleavesandstemsthatarebarelydistinguishablefromthegrayorbrownrockybackground.Surprisingly,theplants’camouflage(偽裝)seemstohaveevolvedinresponsetopeople.Inwideopenareaswithlittlecover,likemountaintops,blendingincanhelptheplantsavoidhungryherbivores,saysYangNiu,abotanistattheKunmingInstituteofBotanyinChina.ButafterfiveyearsofstudyingcamouflageinFritillaria,hedidnotspotanyanimalsfeedingontheplants.SoNiu,hiscolleagueHangSunandsensoryecologistMartinStevensoftheUniversityofExeterinEnglanddecidedtoseeifhumansmightbedrivingtheevolutionoftheplants’camouflage.Duringtheirresearch,localherbalistsnotedthetotalweightofthebulbsharvestedeachyearfrom2014to2019atsevenstudysites.Theserecordsindicatedcontemporaryharvestingpressureontheplants.Inthemeantime,theresearchersassessedtheeaseofharvestingbyrecordinghowlongittooktodigupbulbsatsixofthosesites.Onsomeslopes,bulbsareeasilydugup,butinotherstheycanbeburiedunderrocks.Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.However,camouflagecanpresentsomechallenges.Pollinators(花粉傳播者)mighthaveahardertimefindingthecamouflagedplants,andthegrayandbrowncolorationcouldimpairphotosynthetic(光合)activity.Still,theseFritillariashowhowadaptabletheplantscanbe.Theplantscanbetterchangetheirappearancethanwemighthaveexpected.8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThelivingenvironmentofFritillaria.B.TheappearanceofFritillaria.C.ThereasonsforpickingFritillaria.D.ThehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine.9.Whatdotheresearchersfindduringtheirresearch?A.Fritillariausuallyexistunderrocks.B.AnimalsdriveFritillariatohidethemselvesbetter.C.FrequenthumanactivitiesmakeiteasiertospotFritillaria.D.Fritillariacamouflagethemselvesbetterwhereharvestedmoreoften.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allplantsarepooratcamouflaging.B.Fritillariaareconstantlychanginghowtheylook.C.Camouflagecanbringsomeside-effectstoFritillaria.D.Fritillariacamouflagedtobegraywhichcanpromotegrowth.11.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThedemandfortheFritillariaisintense.B.Fritillariaareremarkablydifficulttofind.C.CamouflagecanpresentsomechallengestotheFritillaria.D.HumanactivitiesdrivetheevolutionoftheFritillaria’scamouflage.DIn1977,scientistsexploringtheGalapagosRiftintheeasternPacificnoticedaseriesofsharptemperatureincreasesintheirdata.Theywonderedhowdeep-oceantemperaturescouldchangesogreatly---fromnearfreezingto400°C(750°F)insuchashortdistance.Thescientistshadmadeaninterestingdiscovery—deep-seahydrothermalvents(熱液噴口).Theyalsorealizedthatanentirelyuniqueecosystem,includinghundredsofnewspecies,existedaroundthevents.Despitetheextremetemperaturesandpressures,toxicminerals(有毒礦物質(zhì)),andlackofsunlightthatcharacterizedthedeep-seaventecosystem,thespecieslivingthereweredoingwell.Scientistslaterrealizedthatbacteriawerechangingthetoxicventmineralsintousableformsofenergythroughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,providingfoodforotherventorganisms.Seawatermovesdeepintheocean’scrust(地殼)andbecomessuper-heatedbymagma(巖漿).Aspressurebuildsandtheseawaterwarms,mineralsbecomepartoftheliquid,whichrisestowardthesurfaceofthecrust.Thehot,mineral-richwatersthenleavetheoceaniccrustandmixwiththecoolseawaterabove.Astheventmineralscool,theyformdifferenttypesofhydrothermalventstructures.Hydrothermalventstructuresarecharacterizedbydifferentphysicalandchemicalfactors,includingtheminerals,temperatures,andflowlevelsoftheirplumes(煙).Blacksmokersproducethehottest,darkestplumes,whicharehighinsulfur(S)contentandformchimneysupto18storiestall,or55meters(180feet).Theplumesofwhitesmokersarelightlycoloredandrichinbarium(Ba),calcium(Ca),andsilicon(Si).Comparedtoblacksmokers,whitesmokersusuallyproducecoolerplumesandformsmallerchimneys.Ventswithevencooler,weakerflowsareoftencalledseeps,whichappeartosendoutsomelight.Thestudyofhydrothermalventecosystemscontinuestochangeourunderstandingoftherequirementsforlife.Theabilityofventorganismstosurviveandthriveatsuchextremepressuresandtemperaturesandinthepresenceoftoxicmineralplumesisinteresting.Theconversionofmineral-richhydrothermalfluidintoenergyisakeyaspectoftheseuniqueecosystems.Throughtheprocessofchemosynthesis,bacteriaprovideenergyandnutrientstoventspecieswithouttheneedforsunlight.12.Whatsurprisedthescientistswhentheyexaminedtheirdata?A.Thegreatpressuresunderthedeepocean.B.TheunexpecteddepthoftheGalapagosRift.C.Thesuddenrisesindeep-oceantemperatures.D.Thehugesizesofdeep-seahydrothermalvents.13.Whatdidscientistsfindaboutventcreatures?A.Theirfoodscomefromtoxicventminerals.B.Theirabilitytoproducelightisamazing.C.Theyliveundertheoceaniccrust.D.Theyusuallyhavedarkcolors.14.Whatdoesparagraphmainlyexplaintous?A.Howcreaturesliveinextremeconditions.B.Howseawatermovesintheocean’scrust.C.Howmineralsbecomepartofmagma.D.Howhydrothermalventsareformed.15.Whichbestshowstheflowlevelsofdifferentplumes?A.Seeps’>blacksmokers’>whitesmokers’.B.Seeps’＞whitesmokers’＞blacksmokers’.C.Blacksmokers’>whitesmokers’>seeps’.D.Blacksmokers’>seeps’>whitesmokers’.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。The24solartermswerecreatedthousandsofyearsagoinChinatoguideagriculturalproduction.TheyalsoreflectChina’srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.___16___RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,livelyspring-likescenerystartsblossoming:theriverwaterdefreezes.wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorthandtreesandgrasstumgreenagain.___17___InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthisseasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.Atthistimeofyear,farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.It’stherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthedaygetswarmer.___18___DuringRainWaterperiod,extracareisneededtodealwithareturningcoldspellandhumidity,whichistheamountofwaterintheair.___19___Itisstronglyadvisednottotakeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.ThewetandhumidweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople’sspleenandstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.___20___PeopleinBeijingofteneatporridge(粥)cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwetweather.Honey,datesandChineseyamarealsoverygoodnourishment(營養(yǎng))toputintheporridge.A.WithRainWatercoming,insectsbecomemoreactive.B.Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.C.Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.D.AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.E.ThetemperatureinmostofthebasinareasincreasesquicklyduringRainWaterF.Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.G.Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwetweather.第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.The___21___beganinSeptemberlastyear.MirzanaCoralicrequestedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodto___22___hersix-year-oldson,Zejd,whohasa___23___disability.Theteacher,SanelaLjumanovic,acceptedalmost___24___,butonthefirstdayofschool,shenoticedZejdsittingallbyhimself,unableto___25___withanyone.Sanela,determinedtofinda(n)___26___,trieddevelopingafewtricksandsigns.Butaparentofanotherchild___27___abetteridea—gettingthewholeclassto___28___signlanguagealongwithZejd.Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewithallhisclassmatesabout___29___thingslikehomeworkandgames.Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.“I___30___tolearnZejd’slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople,”saidoneofhisclassmates.Now,signlanguageisgettingquite___31___attheprimaryschool,withkidsfromotherclasses___32___tolearnaswell.Itishopedthatitcanbe___33___asapartoftheofficialcourse.“Signlanguageisgreatbecauseit___34___communicationandalsohelpschildrenbecomemore___35___topeoplewithdisabilities,”saidSanela.21.A.report B.message C.article D.story22.A．a(chǎn)dmit B.adopt C.invite D.defend23.A．learning B.speech C.hearing D.sight24.A．conditionally B.passively C.personally D.immediately25.A．cooperate B.interact C.compete D.stay26.A．solution B.explanation C.theory D.alternative27.A．selected B.imagined C.presented D.favored28.A．enjoy B.create C.design D.learn29.A．regular B.formal C.complex D.professional30.A．a(chǎn)fford B.like C.prepare D.wait31.A．popular B.confusing C.challenging D.practical32.A．failing B.hesitating C.trying D.helping33.A．described B.known C.defined D.included34.A．enables B.shows C.stresses D.represents35.A．polite B.sensitive C.adaptable D.thankful第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen___36___sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat___37___(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat___38___(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe___39___(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays___40___andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They___41___(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour.“Thisdemonstrates___42___(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesametime,”saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion___43___itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.“Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect,”shesaidinherreport.“One’sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely___44___(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic,”sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong.“Writinganessayisacomplextask.You___45___(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision.”第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國筆友Peter一直在學(xué)習(xí)中文，他想看一部中國電影，希望你能推薦一部中國影片。請你給他寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：（1）電影的基本介紹和簡要情節(jié)；（2）推薦這部電影的理由。注意：（1）詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；（2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；（3）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearPeter,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ella’sFirstFashionCreationEllawaswearinganewdressandshefeltlikeafamousmodel,Evenbetter,itwasadressshemade!Herveryfirstpieceoffashion!“Whatdoyouthink?”sheaskedherfamily.Theywereallgatheredatthekitchentableforbreakfast.“It’sverypretty.Ican’tbelieveyoudesignedandsewedthatallbyyourself!”Momsaid.“I’msoproudofyou!Howlongdidthattake?”Dadasked.Ellapulledoutherchairandsatdown.“Twoweeks!ButIthinkIcouldmakethenextonefaster.Ihadafewproblems.Ellasmiled.Shehadsomanyproblemsmakingthedress,butrightnowitwasallworthit.Itwasgoingtobeagreatday.Thekidsatschoolweren’tquiteasexcitedaboutherdressasshethoughttheywouldbe,butshedidgetsomenicecommentsfromsomeofthegirls,soshewashappyaboutthat.Thedaywentbyquickly,andbeforesheknewit,shewasoutsideforthelastbreakoftheday.Whataperfectday,shethoughttoherselfassheswungontheswings.Theschoolbellrangandthebreakwasover.Whentheswingwasclosetostopping,Ellajumpedoff.Whenshelanded,sheheardaloudrip(撕裂).Shemovedherhandtothebackofherdress.Itwasrippedallthewaydowntheback!Herveryfirstfashioncreationfellapart!Ellawassoembarrassed.Ellaspottedherteacher,MissMiller,nearthedoor.EllatookonehandfromherdressandwavedforMissMillertocometoher.MissMillercameupandlookedatthebackofElla’sdress.“Ohno!Anditissuchabeautifuldress!”“Imadeitmyself,”Ellasaid.“Youmustbeveryproud!Youdidagreatjob!”“Notreally.Oritwouldn’thaveripped.”“Well,thathappenssometimes.Evenwithclothesyoubuyinthestore!”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150詞左右；2.請按如下格式作答。MissMillertookoffhersweaterandhelpedEllatopulliton.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Wecan’tavoidproblems,”saidMom.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（新高考）2022屆高考考前沖刺卷英語（十）答案第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）【答案】1-3BCC【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)幫助學(xué)生為大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備的暑期項(xiàng)目。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.(這個(gè)為期一周的項(xiàng)目針對所有美國高中生，可以幫助他們發(fā)展未來工程工作所需的技能，同時(shí)了解獲得高級(jí)技術(shù)學(xué)位的價(jià)值和回報(bào))”可知，MITES有望為職業(yè)前景打下基礎(chǔ)。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.(來自世界各地的高中生有機(jī)會(huì)獲得數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)際研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)，同時(shí)與教師進(jìn)行四個(gè)星期緊張的一對一工作)”可知，CSP課程適合最多有5周的課余時(shí)間的英國高中生。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Toimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.(為了提高高中生進(jìn)入頂尖大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，暑期項(xiàng)目讓年輕的學(xué)生可以探索感興趣的領(lǐng)域，并體驗(yàn)大學(xué)生活)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四個(gè)幫助學(xué)生為大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備的暑期項(xiàng)目?？赏浦@些項(xiàng)目的共同目標(biāo)是讓參與者為上大學(xué)做更好的準(zhǔn)備。故選C?！敬鸢浮?-7CBCA【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是幾位科學(xué)家對控制氣候變化的論述。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.(當(dāng)他回來檢查結(jié)果時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)它起作用了。裸露的冰比覆蓋的冰融化得更快。他不僅在短時(shí)間內(nèi)拯救了兩英尺的冰川。沒有關(guān)閉燃煤電廠，沒有失業(yè)，沒有人被征稅或解雇。)”可知，作者在第一段提到JasonBox的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖菆?bào)道一項(xiàng)拯救冰川的成功實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選C。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的““Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.(他們花了5萬美元買了一架“把塑料運(yùn)到冰川”的直升機(jī)。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)給了人們錯(cuò)誤的希望，認(rèn)為氣候變化可以在不改變?nèi)祟愋袨榈那闆r下得到解決。它不能?？萍疾粫?huì)讓我們搭便車。)”可知，拉爾夫·金最可能同意技術(shù)并不是最終的解決方案，更不用說其高昂的成本了。故選B。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill(按照我們自己的意愿阻止結(jié)冰，聽起來有些不對勁。)”可知GreyChilds對人類控制氣候的態(tài)度是懷疑的，故選C。7.主旨大意題。第一段的“Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.(幾年前，來自俄亥俄州的科學(xué)家賈森·博克斯(JasonBox)將31卷巨大的白色塑料飛到了格陵蘭島的一座冰川上。他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)把它們鋪在一萬英尺的冰面上，然后離開。)”引出控制氣候變化的極端例子，之后列舉不同的科學(xué)家對于控制氣候的觀點(diǎn)，最后一段“Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.(我嗎？我更喜歡地球自己照顧自己的時(shí)候，我想有一天我們將不得不管理這個(gè)地方，但此刻，坐在我的辦公桌前，看著樹木瘋狂地彎曲，風(fēng)咆哮著，我很高興自己不再是負(fù)責(zé)人。)”作者提出更喜歡地球自己照料自己，也即反對人類控制氣候，因此本文主要講的是人類是否應(yīng)該控制氣候，因此A選項(xiàng)“Butshouldwefixtheclimate?(但是我們應(yīng)該解決氣候問題嗎？)”可概括本文主要內(nèi)容，可作為最好的題目，故選A。【答案】8-11CDCD【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了Fritillaria此類植物的相關(guān)信息和特點(diǎn)，以及研究者通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了解了人類活動(dòng)對Fritillaria偽裝的影響，以及偽裝對Fritillaria自身的影響。8.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Fritillariaplantscanbeeasilyspotted.TheusuallybrightgreenplantsoftenstandaloneamidtherocksatthetopoftheHimalayanandHengduanmountainsinsouthwesternChina—easypickingsfortraditionalChinesemedicineherbalists,who’vegroundthebulbs(鱗莖)ofFritillariaintoacough-treatingpowderformorethan2,000years.Thedemandforthebulbsisintense,sinceabout3,500ofthemareneededtoproduceonekilogramofthepowder,worthabout$480.(貝母屬植物很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。通常明亮的綠色植物常常獨(dú)自佇立在中國西南地區(qū)喜馬拉雅和橫斷山脈的巖石頂端——中草藥師很容易找到，2000年前貝母的鱗莖粉是治療咳嗽的藥粉。對這種鱗莖的需求非常大，因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)一公斤這種粉末需要大約3500個(gè)鱗莖，價(jià)值約480美元)”可知，第一自然段主要陳述了自古以來人們采摘Fritillariaplants是為了藥用，以及其帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤價(jià)值，所以這一段的主旨大意是講述人們采摘Fritillariaplants的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.(兩項(xiàng)措施都揭示了一個(gè)驚人的模式：人們對Fritillaria收獲采摘的頻次越高，F(xiàn)ritillaria越能更好的調(diào)節(jié)自身顏色以更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境進(jìn)行自我偽裝)”可推知，貝母在收獲較多的地方能更好地偽裝自己。故選D項(xiàng)。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一個(gè)自然段“camouflagecanpresentsomechallenges.Pollinators(花粉傳播者)mighthaveahardertimefindingthecamouflagedplants,andthegrayandbrowncolorationcouldimpairphotosynthetic(光合)activity.(偽裝可能會(huì)帶來一些挑戰(zhàn)?；ǚ蹅鞑フ呖赡芨y找到偽裝的植物，灰色和棕色的顏色可能損害光合作用)”可知，植物的自我偽裝，可能會(huì)影響植物的光合作用，不利于自身生長。由此可知，偽裝可能會(huì)帶給Fritillaria一些負(fù)面的作用和影響。故選C項(xiàng)。11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段的“Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.(兩項(xiàng)措施都揭示了一個(gè)驚人的模式：人們對Fritillaria收獲采摘的頻次越高，F(xiàn)ritillaria越能更好的調(diào)節(jié)自身顏色以更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境進(jìn)行自我偽裝)”和整篇文章可知，文章主要通過介紹研究者對Fritillaria偽裝的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，得出了人類的采摘活動(dòng)會(huì)驅(qū)使Fritillaria為了更好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境，進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步地偽裝。由此可知，本篇文章的主旨大意為貝母的偽裝進(jìn)化是人類活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。【答案】12-15CADC【解析】本文是說明文。海底深處存在熱液噴口，有很多物種在那里生活。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段前兩句可知，科學(xué)家們從他們得到的數(shù)據(jù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)深海溫度急劇上升，這令他們感到驚訝。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Scientistslaterrealizedthatbacteriawerechangingthetoxicventmineralsintousableformsofenergythroughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,providingfoodforotherventorganisms”可知，熱液噴口生物的食物來自有毒的噴口礦物質(zhì)。14.段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容特別是“Astheventmineralscool,theyformdifferenttypesofhydrothermalventstructures”可知，本段主要介紹了熱液噴口的形成過程。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，C項(xiàng)正確描述了這三種不同的熱液噴口的液體流動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。【答案】16-20FDCGB【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了24節(jié)氣之一的雨水，以及雨水在春天的重要性。16.根據(jù)上文“TheyalsoreflectChina’srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.（它們還反映了中國豐富的歷史，通過季節(jié)性的節(jié)日，特殊的食物，文化儀式，家庭聚會(huì)，甚至健康的生活技巧，與每個(gè)節(jié)氣相對應(yīng)）”以及第二段第一句“RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.（雨水預(yù)示著降雨量的增加和氣溫的上升）”F項(xiàng)：“Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.（二十四節(jié)氣之一，在春天非常重要，被稱為雨水）”承接上句，并且引出后文要介紹的二十四節(jié)氣之一的雨水，承上啟下。故選F。17.根據(jù)后句“InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthisseasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.（在中國北方，春旱很常見，這個(gè)季節(jié)的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%到15%）”可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍貴。D項(xiàng)：“AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.（中國有句古話，春雨貴如油）”符合語境。故選D。18.根據(jù)上句“Atthistimeofyear,farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.It’stherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthedaygetswarmer.（每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，農(nóng)民們開始犁地。天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖時(shí)，正是準(zhǔn)備春播的好時(shí)機(jī)）”可知，C項(xiàng)：“Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.（因此，雨水被認(rèn)為是灌溉農(nóng)田的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期）”和上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，說明雨水是人們準(zhǔn)備春播灌溉農(nóng)田的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。故選C。19.根據(jù)后句“Itisstronglyadvisednottotakeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.（強(qiáng)烈建議不要過早脫下厚外套，注意保暖，特別是老人和兒童）”可知，G項(xiàng)：“Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwetweather.（降雨導(dǎo)致空氣濕度迅速增加，導(dǎo)致氣溫下降，天氣潮濕）”是建議人們不要過早脫下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。故選G。20.根據(jù)后句“PeopleinBeijingofteneatporridge(粥)cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwetweather.（北京人經(jīng)常吃一種中草藥煮的粥，以抵御寒冷和潮濕的天氣）”可知，B項(xiàng)：“Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.（一碗營養(yǎng)粥是滋養(yǎng)身體的最佳選擇）”后句承接B項(xiàng)具體說明北京人經(jīng)常吃的一種中草藥煮的粥來抵御寒冷和潮濕的天氣，話題