2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解真題解析模擬試卷匯編考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷閱讀下面的文章，回答問題。Theadventoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs)hasheraldedanewerainartificialintelligence,offeringremarkablecapabilitiesinnaturallanguageprocessingandgeneration.However,theirdevelopmentanddeploymentraiseprofoundethicalquestionsthatdemandcarefulconsideration.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernsrevolvesaroundbiasandfairness.LLMsaretrainedonvastdatasetsderivedfromtheinternet,whichinherentlyreflectexistingsocietalbiasesrelatedtorace,gender,age,andothersensitiveattributes.Consequently,thesemodelscaninadvertentlyperpetuateandevenamplifysuchbiasesintheiroutputs,potentiallyleadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinapplicationsrangingfromhiringprocessestocontentmoderation.Anothercriticalethicalissueisthepotentialformisuse.LLMscanbeemployedtogeneratemisinformation,disinformation,andpropagandaatanunprecedentedscaleandspeed.Maliciousactorscouldutilizethesemodelstocreateconvincingfakenewsarticles,impersonateindividualsforfraudulentpurposes,orspreadharmfulideologies,underminingpublictrustanddemocraticprocesses.TheabilityofLLMstogeneratehighlyrealistictextalsocomplicatesthetaskofdistinguishingbetweenhumanandmachine-generatedcontent,posingchallengesforauthenticityverification.Furthermore,theenvironmentalimpactoftrainingandrunninglargemodelsisagrowingconcern.Thecomputationalresourcesrequiredforthesetasksconsumesubstantialamountsofenergy,contributingtocarbonemissionsandclimatechange.WhileeffortsarebeingmadetoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofAIalgorithmsandutilizerenewableenergysources,theenvironmentalfootprintofLLMdevelopmentremainssubstantialandnecessitatesongoingattentionandmitigationstrategies.Transparencyandinterpretabilityalsopresentsignificantchallenges.LLMsoftenfunctionas"blackboxes,"withtheirdecision-makingprocessesdifficultforhumanstounderstand.Thislackoftransparencyhindersdebugging,necessitatesrigoroustesting,andmakesitchallengingtoholddevelopersordeployersaccountableforharmfuloutputs.DevelopingmethodstointerpretorexplainhowLLMsarriveatspecificresponsesiscrucialforbuildingtrustandensuringresponsibledeployment.Lastly,theeconomicandsocialdisruptionscausedbyLLMsareprofound.Thesemodelshavethepotentialtoautomatecognitivetaskspreviouslyperformedbyhumans,potentiallyleadingtojobdisplacementinvarioussectors.Whiletheyalsoofferopportunitiesforincreasedproductivityandinnovation,thesocietaladjustmentsrequired,suchasretrainingandeducation,posesignificantchallenges.EnsuringthatthebenefitsofLLMsareequitablydistributedandthatthenegativeimpactsontheworkforcearemitigatedwillrequireproactivepolicyinterventionsandsocietaldialogue.Addressingtheseethicalchallengesrequiresamulti-facetedapproachinvolvingresearchers,developers,policymakers,andthepublic.ResponsibleAIdevelopmentmustprioritizefairness,security,sustainability,transparency,andsocietalwell-being.CollaborationacrossdisciplinesandsectorsisessentialtonavigatethecomplexethicallandscapeofLLMsandensurethatthesepowerfultechnologiesservehumanitypositively.問題：1.Thepassageprimarilydiscussestheethicalimplicationsassociatedwiththedevelopmentandapplicationofwhat?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernregardingthedatausedtotrainLLMs,andwhatpotentialconsequencedoesthishave?3.TheauthormentionsthegenerationofmisinformationasonepotentialmisuseofLLMs.Provideanexamplescenarioillustratingthismisuse,differentfromanyexplicitlystatedinthepassage.4.WhatspecificchallengedoesthepassageidentifyregardingtheenvironmentalimpactofLLMs,andwhatrelatedissuedoesitmentionthatrequiresattention?5.Explainthesignificanceofthe"blackbox"problemasdescribedinthepassageinthecontextofaccountabilityforLLMoutputs.6.ThepassagealludestobothpotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofLLMsforemployment.Whatarethesetwoaspects,andaccordingtotheauthor,whatisacorrespondingneedrelatedtothenegativeimpacts?7.Basedonthepassage,whatistherecommendedapproachtotacklingtheethicalchallengesposedbyLLMs?試卷答案1.Largelanguagemodels(LLMs).2.Biasandfairness;perpetuatingandamplifyingsocietalbiasesinoutputs,potentiallyleadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomes.3.Example:ApoliticalcampaignusinganLLMtogeneratepersonalizedbuthighlymanipulativeandfalseattackadstargetingspecificdemographicgroupsbasedondataharvestedonline.4.Thesubstantialenergyconsumptionandassociatedcarbonemissionsduringtrainingandoperation;theneedformitigationstrategies.5.Itmakesitdifficultforhumanstounderstandthedecision-makingprocessesofLLMs,hinderingdebuggingandaccountability,asharmfuloutputscannotbeeasilytracedbacktospecificcausesordevelopers.6.Benefits:Increasedproductivityandinnovation;Drawbacks:Jobdisplacementinvarioussectors;Need:Proactivepolicyinterventionsandsocietaldialogue(suchasretrainingandeducation)tomitigatenegativeimpactsandensureequitabledistributionofbenefits.7.Amulti-facetedapproachinvolvingresearchers,developers,policymakers,andthepublic,prioritizingfairness,security,sustainability,transparency,andsocietalwell-being.每道題解析思路1.解析思路：題目問文章主要討論的是什么倫理問題。通讀全文可知，文章從頭至尾圍繞“大型語言模型（LLMs）”的倫理挑戰(zhàn)展開論述，從偏見公平、濫用、環(huán)境影響、透明度到社會經(jīng)濟影響等多個方面進行了闡述。首段明確指出LLMs的興起帶來了新的倫理問題。因此，正確答案應(yīng)聚焦于LLMs本身。2.解析思路：題目問訓練LLMs的數(shù)據(jù)存在什么主要問題及其后果。文章第二段明確提到，LLMs訓練所使用的數(shù)據(jù)集“inherentlyreflectexistingsocietalbiases”，即固有地反映了現(xiàn)存的社會偏見。接著指出，“Consequently,thesemodelscaninadvertentlyperpetuateandevenamplifysuchbiasesintheiroutputs”，即模型會無意中持續(xù)和放大這些偏見，導致輸出結(jié)果存在歧視性。因此，答案需包含偏見和其后果——歧視性輸出。3.解析思路：題目要求舉例說明LLMs生成虛假信息的濫用場景。文章第二段提到了生成虛假信息、錯誤信息和宣傳品的濫用風險。要求舉例且不同于原文，需自行構(gòu)思一個具體場景。例如，政治活動利用LLM根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集的數(shù)據(jù)，為特定群體生成高度個性化但極具操縱性的虛假攻擊廣告，這符合利用LLM進行欺詐和操縱的濫用范疇。4.解析思路：題目問LLMs的環(huán)境影響及其相關(guān)需要關(guān)注的問題。文章第三段指出，訓練和運行大型模型需要“substantialamountsofenergy”和“contributetocarbonemissions”，這是其環(huán)境影響。同時，段末提到盡管有改進，但“theenvironmentalfootprintremainssubstantialandnecessitatesongoingattentionandmitigationstrategies”，即環(huán)境足跡依然巨大，需要持續(xù)關(guān)注和緩解策略。因此，答案包括能源消耗和碳排放，以及需要緩解策略。5.解析思路：題目問“黑箱”問題在LLM輸出可問責性方面的意義。文章第四段描述了LLMs作為“blackboxes”，“theirdecision-makingprocessesdifficultforhumanstounderstand”。解析其意義需關(guān)聯(lián)到問責性，即由于無法理解決策過程，“hindersdebugging,necessitatesrigoroustesting,andmakesitchallengingtoholddevelopersordeployersaccountableforharmfuloutputs”。因此，意義在于阻礙調(diào)試、增加測試難度，并使得對有害輸出難以追究責任。6.解析思路：題目問LLMs對就業(yè)的益處