2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯記憶高頻詞組匯編考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartIVocabularyandStructureDirections:Beloweachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswerontheanswersheetbyblackeningthecorrespondingletter.1.Thediscoveryofpenicillininthe1920srevolutionizedthetreatmentofbacterialinfections,fundamentally______thelandscapeofmodernmedicine.A)alteringB)alternationC)alternatelyD)alternative2.Despitefacingnumerous______,theyoungentrepreneurremainedundeterredinherpursuitofestablishingasuccessfultechstartup.A)obstaclesB)obstructionsC)impedimentsD)hindrances3.Theeconomicpoliciesimplementedbythenewgovernmenthave______significantdebatesamongeconomistsregardingtheirlong-termeffectiveness.A)sparkedB)flaredC)ignitedD)ignited4.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatregularphysicalexercisecanhavea______impactonbothmentalandphysicalwell-being.A)salutaryB)detrimentalC)negligibleD)pervasive5.Thearcheologicalfindingsatthesiteprovide______insightsintothedailylivesandculturalpracticesoftheancientcivilization.A)lucidB)obscureC)elucidativeD)ambiguous6.Beyondthesuperficialdifferences,thereexistprofoundsimilaritiesinthecorevaluescherishedbythetwosocieties.A)ostensibleB)apparentC)evidentD)intrinsic7.Thecommitteewastaskedwiththe______ofdraftingcomprehensiveguidelinesfortheindustry'sfuturedevelopment.A)compilationB)compilationC)compilingD)compiled8.Manyresearchersarguethatclimatechangeposesanexistential______tothesurvivalofnumerousspeciesaroundtheglobe.A)threatB)perilC)dangerD)hazard9.Her______knowledgeofinternationallawwasinstrumentalinnavigatingthecomplexlegaldisputesbetweenthenations.A)encyclopedicB)anecdotalC)superficialD)fragmentary10.Thenovel'snarrativestructure,withitsnon-linearprogression,challengesreaderstoactively______meaningfromthefragmentednarrative.A)ascertainB)deduceC)discernD)infer11.Thegovernmenthasimplementedstringentregulationsto______theexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresources.A)curtailB)curbC)restrainD)restrict12.Duringtheconferencecall,theparticipants______variousviewpointsontheproposedproject,leadingtoaheateddiscussion.A)exchangedB)exchangedC)exchangingD)exchanged13.Theoldmansion,______forcenturies,stillstandsasatestamenttotheregion'srichhistory.A)standingB)havingstoodC)stoodD)havingbeenstood14.Herabilityto______underpressureandremaincomposedisakeyfactorinhersuccessasaleader.A)retainB)retainC)retainingD)retained15.Thestudy______thatthereisastrongcorrelationbetweentheamountofsleeponegetsandtheircognitiveperformance.A)indicatedB)indicatesC)indicatingD)indicated16.Theathlete'sremarkable______toovercomeinjuriesandreturntopeakperformanceistrulyinspirational.A)resilienceB)tenacityC)persistenceD)perseverance17.Itisessentialto______thepotentialbiasesinthedatatoensuretheobjectivityoftheresearchfindings.A)acknowledgeB)recognizeC)identifyD)rectify18.Thebookprovidesacomprehensive______ofthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.A)enumerationB)expositionC)elaborationD)exemplification19.Despiteinitial______,theteameventuallymanagedtocompletethechallengingprojectsuccessfully.A)skepticismB)doubtC)suspicionD)mistrust20.Theintricatepatternsontheancientpotteryoffervaluable______intotheartisticsensibilitiesofthatculture.A)indicationsB)insightsC)revelationsD)epiphaniesPartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasprecipitatedaglobaldiscourseonitssocietalimplications,withparticularemphasisonthefutureofthelabormarket.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomateroutineandrepetitivetasks,freeinghumanstoengageinmorecreativeandintellectuallystimulatingwork.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIcollaborateswithhumans,augmentinghumancapabilitiesandleadingtounprecedentedlevelsofproductivityandinnovation.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialforwidespreadjobdisplacement,asAIsystemscapableofperformingcomplexcognitivetasksmayrendernumerousprofessionsobsolete.Thedisplacementofworkers,theyargue,couldexacerbatesocialinequalitiesandnecessitatesignificantsocietaladjustments,includingwidespreadretrainingprogramsandpotentialshiftsineconomicpoliciestosupportthosedisplacedbyautomation.TheintegrationofAIintovarioussectorsoftheeconomyisalreadyunderway,albeitatapacethatvariesacrossindustriesandregions.Inmanufacturing,AI-drivenrobotshavebecomeincreasinglycommononassemblylines,streamliningproductionprocessesandreducingcosts.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmsassistindiagnosingdiseasesfrommedicalimageswithincreasingaccuracy,potentiallyimprovingpatientoutcomes.Similarly,inthefinancialsector,AIisusedforalgorithmictrading,frauddetection,andpersonalizedbankingservices.WhiletheseapplicationsdemonstratethetangiblebenefitsofAI,theyalsohighlightthechallengesassociatedwiththeirimplementation,suchastheneedforlargeamountsofdata,thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,andtheethicalconsiderationssurroundingtheuseofAIinsensitiveareaslikehealthcareandcriminaljustice.ThequestionofhowtomanagethetransitiontoanAI-driveneconomyisacomplexone,involvingpolicymakers,businesses,educationalinstitutions,andworkersthemselves.ItisunlikelythattheimpactofAIonthelabormarketwillbeuniformlypositiveornegative;rather,itwilllikelybeamixedbagwithbothwinnersandlosers.Tomitigatethepotentialnegativeconsequences,itiscrucialtoinvestineducationandtrainingprogramsthatequipworkerswiththeskillsneededtothriveinanAI-enhancedworkplace.Theseprogramsshouldfocusnotonlyontechnicalskillsbutalsoonsoftskillssuchascriticalthinking,problem-solving,andcreativity,whicharelesslikelytobeautomated.Additionally,fosteringacultureoflifelonglearningwillbeessentialtoensurethatworkerscancontinuouslyadapttothechangingdemandsofthelabormarket.Ultimately,thefutureofworkinanageofAIwilldependonourcollectiveabilitytonavigatethechallengesandopportunitiespresentedbythistransformativetechnology.Whileitisimpossibletopredictexactlyhowthelabormarketwillevolve,wecanbecertainthatitwillbesignificantlydifferentfromtheoneweknowtoday.ByproactivelyaddressingthepotentialnegativeimpactsofAIandinvestinginthehumancapitalneededtothriveinthefuture,wecanstrivetocreateafuturewhereAIenhanceshumanpotentialandcontributestoamoreequitableandprosperoussociety.21.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A)TopredictthespecificjobsthatwillbemostaffectedbyAI.B)TooutlinethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofAIinthecontextofthelabormarket.C)ToarguefortheimmediateimplementationofwidespreadAItrainingprograms.D)ToadvocateforacompleterejectionofAIduetoitspotentialnegativeconsequences.22.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,whatwillbethemaineffectofAIonthelabormarket?A)Itwilleliminatetheneedforhumanworkersaltogether.B)ItwillreplacehumanworkerswithAIsystemsinmostindustries.C)Itwillfreehumansfromroutinetaskstofocusonmorecreativework.D)Itwillleadtoasignificantincreaseinthedemandforlow-skilledlabor.23.Theword"precipitated"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)causedB)delayedC)exacerbatedD)mitigated24.WhatchallengeismentionedinthesecondparagraphthatisassociatedwiththeimplementationofAI?A)ThehighcostofdevelopingAIalgorithms.B)ThepotentialforAItobeusedformaliciouspurposes.C)Theneedforlargeamountsofdataandtheissueofalgorithmicbias.D)ThedifficultyinintegratingAIintoexistingmanufacturingprocesses.25.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisessentialforworkerstosucceedinanAI-driveneconomy?A)TheymustpossessadeepunderstandingofAItechnology.B)Theyneedtofocusondevelopingtechnicalandsoftskills.C)TheyshouldseekemploymentinindustriesleastaffectedbyAI.D)Theymustbewillingtoacceptlowerwagestoremaincompetitive.PassageTwoTheconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedimmensetractioninrecentyears,astheglobalcommunityincreasinglyrecognizestheurgentneedtoaddressenvironmentaldegradationandmitigatetheimpactsofclimatechange.Atitscore,sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachencompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions,emphasizingtheinterconnectednessofhumanactivitiesandtheirconsequences.Oneofthekeychallengesinachievingsustainabilityisthepervasiveissueofpollution,whichtakesnumerousformsandaffectsvariousaspectsoftheenvironment.Airpollution,forinstance,isamajorconcerninmanyurbanareas,contributingtorespiratorydiseasesandotherhealthproblems.Waterpollution,stemmingfromindustrialdischarge,agriculturalrunoff,andimproperwastemanagement,posesasignificantthreattoaquaticecosystemsandhumanwatersupplies.Soilpollution,causedbytheoveruseofpesticidesandfertilizers,degradeslandqualityandimpactsfoodsecurity.Addressingthesepollutionchallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includingstricterregulationsonindustrialemissions,theadoptionofcleanerproductionmethods,andthepromotionofwastereductionandrecyclinginitiatives.Beyondpollution,othercriticalsustainabilityissuesincludedeforestation,lossofbiodiversity,andthedepletionofnaturalresources.Deforestation,drivenbylogging,agriculture,andurbanization,leadstohabitatdestruction,soilerosion,andcontributestoclimatechange.Thelossofbiodiversity,resultingfromhabitatdestruction,pollution,andclimatechange,underminestheecologicalbalanceandreducestheresilienceofecosystems.Thedepletionofnaturalresources,suchasfreshwater,fossilfuels,andminerals,posesathreattoboththeenvironmentandhumanwell-being.Sustainablepractices,suchasreforestationefforts,conservationprograms,andthedevelopmentofrenewableenergysources,areessentialtoaddressthesechallenges.Thetransitiontoasustainablefuturealsonecessitatesashiftinsocietalvaluesandconsumerbehavior.Theprevailingcultureofconsumerism,characterizedbyexcessiveconsumptionandwaste,isfundamentallyunsustainable.Promotingamoremindfulapproachtoconsumption,emphasizingthereuseandrecyclingofmaterials,andencouragingthedevelopmentofsustainableproductsandservicesarecrucialstepstowardsamoresustainablefuture.Additionally,fosteringacultureofenvironmentalstewardshipandeducationcanhelpraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceofsustainabilityandinspireindividualandcollectiveaction.26.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Tohighlightthevariousformsofpollutionandtheirenvironmentalimpacts.B)Todiscusstheeconomicbenefitsofimplementingsustainablepractices.C)Toexplaintheconceptofsustainabilityanditskeychallenges.D)Toargueagainsttheideaofsustainability,citingthehighcostsofimplementation.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernassociatedwithairpollution?A)Itleadstoanincreaseinagriculturalproductivity.B)Itimprovestheoverallqualityofurbanlife.C)Itcontributestorespiratorydiseasesandotherhealthproblems.D)Ithasnosignificantimpactonhumanhealth.28.Theword"pervasive"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)rareB)localizedC)widespreadD)temporary29.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomeofthecausesofwaterpollution?A)Industrialdischarge,agriculturalrunoff,andimproperwastemanagement.B)Reforestationefforts,conservationprograms,andthedevelopmentofrenewableenergysources.C)Theoveruseofpesticidesandfertilizers,deforestation,andurbanization.D)Thedepletionofnaturalresources,soilerosion,andclimatechange.30.Whatchangeissuggestedinthelastparagraphasbeingnecessaryforasustainablefuture?A)Asignificantincreaseingovernmentspendingonenvironmentalprotection.B)Ashiftinsocietalvaluesandconsumerbehaviortowardsmoresustainablepractices.C)Thewidespreadadoptionofnuclearenergyasaprimarysourceofpower.D)Theencouragementofexcessiveconsumptionandwastetostimulateeconomicgrowth.PassageThreeThedigitalrevolutionhasfundamentallytransformedthewaywecommunicate,work,andlive,renderingmanytraditionalpracticesobsolete.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalrevolutionhasbeenonthecommunicationlandscape,withtheriseofemail,instantmessaging,socialmedia,andvideoconferencing.Thesetechnologieshaveenabledreal-timecommunicationacrossvastdistances,facilitatingcollaborationandfosteringglobalconnectivity.However,thisshifttodigitalcommunicationhasalsoraisedconcernsaboutthequalityanddepthofinterpersonalrelationships,asface-to-faceinteractionsareincreasinglyreplacedbyvirtualexchanges.Thedigitalrevolutionhasalsorevolutionizedtheworkplace,withtheadoptionofcloudcomputing,collaborationsoftware,andotherdigitaltools.Thesetechnologieshaveenabledremotework,allowingemployeestoworkfromanywherewithaninternetconnection.Thishasthepotentialtoincreaseflexibilityandwork-lifebalance,aswellastoexpandthetalentpoolforcompaniesbyenablingthemtohirethebestcandidatesregardlessoftheirlocation.However,theriseofremoteworkhasalsopresentedchallenges,suchasthepotentialforisolation,difficultyinmaintainingteamcohesion,andtheneedfornewmanagementtechniquestoensureproductivityandcollaboration.Anothersignificantimpactofthedigitalrevolutionhasbeenoneducation,withtheincreasingavailabilityofonlinelearningresourcesandplatforms.Theseresourceshavethepotentialtoprovideaccesstoqualityeducationforpeoplewhomightnothavehadaccesstoitotherwise,duetogeographicalorfinancialconstraints.Onlinecourses,virtualclassrooms,anddigitallearningmaterialshavemadeitpossibleforstudentstolearnattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirownschedules.However,theeffectivenessofonlinelearningdependsonvariousfactors,suchasthequalityoftheonlineplatform,thelevelofstudentengagement,andtheabilityofstudentstoself-motivateandmanagetheirtimeeffectively.Thedigitalrevolutionhasalsohadaprofoundimpactontheretailindustry,withtheriseofe-commerceandthedeclineoftraditionalbrick-and-mortarstores.Onlineshoppinghasbecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringconsumersawidervarietyofproducts,theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome,andtheabilitytocomparepricesandreadreviewsbeforemakingapurchase.Thishasforcedtraditionalretailerstoadapttothedigitallandscape,eitherbydevelopingtheirownonlinepresenceorbyintegratingdigitaltechnologiesintotheirphysicalstores.Theriseofe-commercehasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforsmallbusinessesandentrepreneurstoreachaglobalaudience.31.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A)Thenegativeeffectsofthedigitalrevolutiononpersonalrelationships.B)Theimpactofthedigitalrevolutiononvariousaspectsofsociety.C)Theeconomicbenefitsofremoteworkandonlineeducation.D)Thechallengesofadaptingtothedigitalrevolutionfortraditionalretailers.32.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenasignificantimpactofthedigitalrevolutiononcommunication?A)Ithasledtoadecreaseinthenumberofface-to-faceinteractions.B)Ithasmadecommunicationonlypossiblewithinalocalarea.C)Ithasenabledreal-timecommunicationacrossvastdistances.D)Ithasreplacedalltraditionalformsofcommunicationwithdigitalones.33.Theword"fundamentally"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)superficiallyB)slightlyC)completelyD)gradually34.Whatchallengeismentionedinthesecondparagraphthatisassociatedwithremotework?A)Thehighcostofsettinguphomeofficespaces.B)Thepotentialforisolationanddifficultyinmaintainingteamcohesion.C)Thelackofaccesstohigh-speedinternetinruralareas.D)Thedifficultyintrainingemployeestousedigitalcollaborationtools.35.Whathasbeenamajorconsequenceoftheriseofe-commercefortraditionalretailers?A)Ithasledtoanincreaseinsalesforbrick-and-mortarstores.B)Ithasforcedthemtoadapttothedigitallandscape.C)Ithasmadeitimpossibleforthemtocompetewithonlineretailers.D)Ithasencouragedthemtofocussolelyononlinesales.PassageFourTheconceptofculturalintelligence(CQ)hasgainedincreasingattentioninrecentyears,astheworldbecomesincreasinglyinterconnectedandorganizationsincreasinglyoperateindiverse,globalenvironments.Culturalintelligencereferstotheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyinculturallydiversesituations.Itencompassesarangeofcompetencies,includingculturalknowledge,cognitiveflexibility,andbehavioraladaptability.Individualswithhighculturalintelligenceareabletounderstandandappreciateculturaldifferences,adapttheirbehaviortodifferentculturalcontexts,andbuildrelationshipswithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Oneofthekeybenefitsofdevelopingculturalintelligenceisitspositiveimpactonteamworkandcollaboration.Intoday'sglobalizedworkplace,teamsoftenconsistofmembersfromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Effectivecollaborationinsuchteamsrequiresindividualstobeabletounderstandandappreciateeachother'sculturalperspectives,communicateeffectively,andresolveconflictsconstructively.Culturalintelligenceenablesindividualstonavigateculturaldifferencesandbuildtrustamongteammembers,leadingtomoreeffectiveteamworkandbetteroutcomes.Anotherimportantbenefitofculturalintelligenceisitsimpactonleadershipeffectiveness.Leaderswhopossesshighculturalintelligenceareabletounderstandandappreciatethediverseneedsandperspectivesoftheirteammembers.Theyareabletoadapttheirleadershipstyletodifferentculturalcontexts,motivatetheirteammemberseffectively,andbuildacohesiveandinclusiveteamenvironment.Culturalintelligenceenablesleaderstocreateaworkculturethatvaluesdiversityandfosterscollaboration,leadingtohigheremployeeengagementandperformance.Developingculturalintelligenceisacontinuousprocessthatrequiresconsciouseffortandpractice.Onewaytodevelopculturalintelligenceisthroughexposuretodiverseculturalenvironments.Thiscanbeachievedthroughinternationaltravel,livinginadifferentcountry,orworkingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Anotherwaytodevelopculturalintelligenceisthroughculturaltrainingprograms.Theseprogramscanprovideindividualswithknowledgeaboutdifferentcultures,aswellasopportunitiestopracticecross-culturalcommunicationskills.Additionally,engaginginself-reflectionandseekingfeedbackfromotherscanhelpindividualsidentifytheirownculturalbiasesanddevelopgreaterculturalsensitivity.Inconclusion,culturalintelligenceisacriticalskillintoday'sglobalizedworld.Itenablesindividualstofunctioneffectivelyinculturallydiversesituations,buildrelationshipswithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds,andcontributetothesuccessoftheirorganizations.Astheworldbecomesincreasinglyinterconnected,theimportanceofculturalintelligenceisonlygoingtocontinuetogrow.Organizationsthatinvestindevelopingtheculturalintelligenceoftheiremployeeswillbebetterpositionedtosucceedintheglobalmarketplace.36.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A)Toexplaintheconceptofculturalintelligenceanditsimportanceintheworkplace.B)Toarguethatculturalintelligenceisunnecessaryforindividualswhoworkinhomogeneousenvironments.C)Toprovideastep-by-stepguideonhowtodevelopculturalintelligence.D)Todiscussthenegativeeffectsofculturaldifferencesonteamworkandcollaboration.37.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeybenefitofculturalintelligenceintheworkplace?A)Itleadstoincreasedcompetitionamongemployeesfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.B)Itenableseffectiveteamworkandcollaborationinculturallydiversesituations.C)Itresultsintheadoptionofasingle,universalleadershipstyle.D)Itreducestheneedforemployeetrainingprograms.38.Theword"competencies"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)weaknessesB)skillsC)limitationsD)abilities39.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisonewaytodevelopculturalintelligence?A)Avoidinginteractionwithpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.B)Engagingininternationaltravel,culturaltrainingprograms,andself-reflection.C)Focusingsolelyondevelopingtechnicalskillsandignoringsoftskills.D)Leadingbyexampleandsettingapositiveexampleforotherstofollow.40.Whatisthepassageprimarilyconcernedwith?A)Theimportanceofculturalintelligenceintheworkplace.B)Thenegativeimpactofculturaldifferencesonleadershipeffectiveness.C)Theeffectivenessofculturaltrainingprogramsindevelopingculturalintelligence.D)Theroleofculturalintelligenceinbuildingsuccessfulorganizations.---PartIIITranslationDirections:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，人工智能已經(jīng)逐漸滲透到我們生活的方方面面。從智能手機上的語音助手到自動駕駛汽車，人工智能的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。然而，人工智能的快速發(fā)展也引發(fā)了一系列倫理和社會問題。如何確保人工智能的發(fā)展符合人類的價值觀和道德標準，是一個亟待解決的問題。我們需要在推動人工智能技術(shù)進步的同時，也要關(guān)注其潛在的風險，并采取措施來mitigatingtheserisks,以確保人工智能能夠造福人類，而不是帶來危害。---PartIVWritingDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsonthetopic"TheImpactofSocialMediaonCommunication".YoushouldwriteneatlyontheAnswerSheet.TheImpactofSocialMediaonCommunication---結(jié)束試卷答案PartIVocabularyandStructure1.A2.A3.A4.A5.C6.A7.A8.B9.A10.D11.A12.A13.B14.A15.A16.A17.C18.B19.A20.B解析思路1.altering：動詞，改變。句意：青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)（在20世紀20年代）徹底改變了現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學的面貌。符合語境。2.obstacles：名詞，障礙物，困難。句意：盡管面臨眾多（困難），這位年輕的創(chuàng)業(yè)者仍毫不氣餒地追求建立一家成功的科技公司。符合語境。obstructions,impediments,hindrances都有障礙的意思，但obstacles更常用且涵蓋范圍廣。3.sparked：動詞，引起，激起。句意：新政府實施的經(jīng)濟政策引發(fā)了經(jīng)濟學家們關(guān)于其長期有效性的激烈辯論。符合語境。flared,ignited與sparked近義，但sparked更常用。4.salutary：形容詞，有益的，有益健康的。句意：人們普遍認為，規(guī)律的體育鍛煉對身心健康都有有益的影響。符合語境。detrimental有害的。negligible可忽略不計的。pervasive普遍的，彌漫的。5.elucidative：形容詞，闡明性的，富有說明性的。句意：該遺址的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)為理解古代文明的日常生活和文化習俗提供了富有說明性的見解。符合語境。lucid清晰的。obscure偏僻的，難懂的。ambiguous含糊不清的。6.ostensible：形容詞，表面上的，明面上的。句意：除了表面上的差異之外，這兩個社會在所珍視的核心價值觀上存在著深刻的相似之處。符合語境。apparent,evident與ostensible近義。intrinsic本質(zhì)的，內(nèi)在的。7.compilation：名詞，匯編，編纂。句意：委員會被賦予任務(wù)，負責編纂關(guān)于該行業(yè)未來發(fā)展的綜合指南。符合語境。compiling是動名詞形式。compiled是過去分詞。8.peril：名詞，危險，危險。句意：許多研究人員認為，氣候變化對全球眾多物種的生存構(gòu)成生存威脅。符合語境。threat,danger,hazard都有危險的意思，但peril更強調(diào)嚴重的危險。9.encyclopedic：形容詞，百科全書式的，淵博的。句意：她淵博的國際法知識在處理兩國之間的復雜法律糾紛中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。符合語境。anecdotal寓事的。superficial表面的。fragmentary零碎的。10.infer：動詞，推斷，領(lǐng)會。句意：這部小說的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)是非線性的，它挑戰(zhàn)讀者從零碎的敘事中推斷出意義。符合語境。ascertain確定ascertain。deduce推斷deduce。discern識別discern。11.curtail：動詞，削減，限制。句意：政府已實施嚴格的規(guī)定，以限制對自然資源的過度開發(fā)。符合語境。curb控制。restrain抑制。restrict限制。12.exchanged：動詞過去式，交換。句意：在電話會議期間，參與者交換了關(guān)于擬議項目的各種觀點，導致了一場激烈的討論。符合語境。exchanging是動名詞形式。13.havingstood：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示一個先于主句動作發(fā)生的動作。句意：這座古老的城堡矗立了數(shù)個世紀，至今仍作為該地區(qū)豐富歷史的見證而存在。符合語境。standing是現(xiàn)在分詞。stood是過去式。havingbeenstood是過去分詞的完成式被動語態(tài)。14.retain：動詞，保持，保留。句意：她能夠在壓力下保持鎮(zhèn)定，這是一個領(lǐng)導者取得成功的關(guān)鍵因素。符合語境。retaining是動名詞形式。15.indicated：動詞過去式，表明。句意：研究表明，一個人獲得的睡眠量與其認知表現(xiàn)之間存在很強的相關(guān)性。符合語境。indicates是現(xiàn)在式。indicating是動名詞形式。16.resilience：名詞，恢復力，韌性。句意：這位運動員在克服傷病并重返巔峰表現(xiàn)方面的驚人恢復力trulyinspirational。符合語境。tenacity,persistence,perseverance都有毅力的意思，但resilience更強調(diào)從逆境中恢復的能力。17.identify：動詞，識別，認出。句意：承認潛在偏見對于確保研究結(jié)果客觀性至關(guān)重要。符合語境。acknowledge承認。recognize認識recognize。rectify糾正。18.exposition：名詞，闡述，說明。句意：這本書全面闡述了英語的歷史發(fā)展。符合語境。enumeration清點。elaboration闡述。exemplification舉例說明。19.skepticism：名詞，懷疑論。句意：盡管最初存在懷疑，該團隊最終還是成功地完成了這個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的項目。符合語境。doubt,suspicion,mistrust都有懷疑的意思，但skepticism更強調(diào)理性的懷疑。20.insights：名詞復數(shù)，見解。句意：這座古老陶器上復雜的圖案為理解那種文化的藝術(shù)品味提供了寶貴的見解。符合語境。PartIIReadingComprehension21.B22.C23.A24.C25.B26.C27.C28.C29.A30.B31.B32.C33.C34.B35.B36.A37.B38.B39.B40.A解析思路PartI1.選項分析：A)altering（改變）,B)alternation（交替）,C)alternately（交替地）,D)alternative（可選擇的）。句意強調(diào)青霉素帶來的“改變”，altering符合。2.選項分析：A)obstacles（障礙），B)obstructions（阻礙），C)impediments（阻礙），D)hindrances（妨礙）。obstacles是最常用的詞，指各種困難或障礙。3.選項分析：A)sparked（引起），B)flared（突然燃燒），C)ignited（點燃），D)ignited（點燃）。sparked常用于比喻義，引起討論、爭論等。4.選項分析：A)salutary（有益的），B)detrimental（有害的），C)negligible（可忽略不計的），D)pervasive（普遍的）。salutary符合“有益的”含義。5.選項分析：A)lucid（清晰的），B)obscure（模糊的），C)elucidative（解釋性的），D)ambiguous（模棱兩可的）。elucidative強調(diào)“富有說明性”。6.選項分析：A)ostensible（表面上的），B)apparent（明顯的），C)evident（明顯的），D)intrinsic（內(nèi)在的）。ostensible符合“表面上的”含義。7.選項分析：A)compilation（匯編），B)compilation（匯編），C)compiling（編寫中），D)compiled（已編寫的）。compilation是名詞，指“匯編”。8.選項分析：A)peril（危險），B)peril（危險），C)danger（危險），D)hazard（危險）。peril強調(diào)“嚴重的危險”。9.選項分析：A)encyclopedic（百科全書式的），B)anecdotal（軼事的），C)superficial（表面的），D)fragmentary（零碎的）。encyclopedic符合“淵博的”含義。10.選項分析：A)infer（推斷），B)deduce（推斷），C)discern（辨別），D)ascertain（確定）。infer符合從語境中“推斷”含義。11.選項分析：A)curtail（削減），B)curb（控制），C)rest