Module2

TrafficJam漫畫(huà)欣賞

畫(huà)面描述

Agiraffeismakingagreatefforttoreachfortheleavesfromatalltree，sweating.Howeverhardittries，itstillcannotgetanyleaf.Aroundthegiraffe，therearesomesmalltrees，whicharemucheasierforittoapproach.寓意理解

Beforewedosomething，weshouldmakeall-sidedanalysis.Whenwefailaftermakingattempts，weneedtoconsiderotherwaystosolvetheproblem.

你能否對(duì)此加以擴(kuò)展，寫(xiě)一篇120詞左右的小短文？1．permitn．通行證，許可證，執(zhí)照；v.許可，允許，準(zhǔn)許Shehasmanagedtoobtainatemporaryresidencepermit.她設(shè)法取得了暫住證。I’mafraidIcannotpermityoutodosuchfoolishthings.恐怕我不會(huì)允許你做這樣的傻事。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)permit＋n./pron./doing允許permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事(2)permissionn．許可，允許aksforpermission請(qǐng)求許可withoutpermission未經(jīng)許可withsb.’spermission在某人許可的情況下【輕巧辨析】permit/allow/let(1)permit強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威性的正式批準(zhǔn)。含有“積極地，從正面允許”的意義。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：permitdoing或permitsb.todo(2)allow指不反對(duì)，不加阻止，偏重“默許，放縱”之意。常用結(jié)構(gòu)；allowdoing或allowsb.todo。(3)let是三個(gè)詞中最不正式的，較口語(yǔ)化，而語(yǔ)意最弱，指“給予可能或同意”，有時(shí)含“難以阻止或限制”之意。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：letsb.do【溫馨提示】(1)可以說(shuō)allow/permitsb.todosth.

不能說(shuō)allow/permittodosth.。(2)permit“許可證”,指一種文本形式,是可數(shù)名詞；PermissionUn.“允許”，表示同意Withoutpermission即景活用①—Wouldyoumindmy____here?

—Sorry，but____isnotpermittedhere.A．tosmoke；tosmokeB．smoking；tosmokeC．smoking；smokingD．tosmoke；smoking解析：permit后要用動(dòng)名詞，permitdoing變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。所以選C項(xiàng)。2．limitn．限制；限定；邊界；界限；vt.限制；限定MytimeismorelimitednowthatIhaveababy.由于我有了孩子，我現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間就更有限了。Wesetatimelimitofthirtyminutesforthetest.我們把測(cè)驗(yàn)的時(shí)間限定為30分鐘?！局R(shí)鏈接】(1)tothelimit到極限setalimit設(shè)定限量belimitedto局限于limitsth.to限定(2)limitedadj.有限的，受限制的limitlessadj.無(wú)限制的；無(wú)約束的limitationn．限制，限定即景活用用limit完成句子②Inthisareayoumustlimityourspeedto30kilometersanhour.在這個(gè)區(qū)域你必須把速度限制在每小時(shí)30千米。③Thegovernmentsetalimittothenumberofthetravelersintheplaceofinterest.政府對(duì)那處名勝的游客數(shù)量進(jìn)行了限制。④Hisabilityisratherlimited.他的能力是相當(dāng)有限的3．convenientadj.方便的，便利的It’sveryconvenientthatyouliveneartheoffice.你們住在辦公室附近很方便。Ourlocalshophasveryconvenientopeninghours.我們當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰隊(duì)I業(yè)時(shí)間很合宜。【知識(shí)整合】(1)conveniencen．方便，便利atone’sconvenience在某人方便時(shí)convenientlyadv.方便地(2)Itis/wasconvenientforsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做……方便sth.beconvenientto/forsb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)……是方便的【特別點(diǎn)擊】convenient作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可用人作主語(yǔ)，而要用事物或形式主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)?！爱?dāng)你方便的時(shí)候”應(yīng)譯成“Whenitisconvenienttoyou.”而不能譯成“Whenyouareconvenient”即景活用⑤Ournewhouseisvery____formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.Infact，thisisthereasonwhyIdecidedtobuyitayearago.A．reasonableB．a(chǎn)vailableC．convenientD．Comfortable解析：句意：“我們的新家對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很方便，因?yàn)槲宸昼妰?nèi)我就能到達(dá)辦公室。事實(shí)上，這是一年前我決定買它的原因?！笨疾樵~義辨析：A.有道理的，B.可得到，可利用的，C.方便，便利的，D.舒適的，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，答案是C經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)1．getstuckin被困在……Sevenofuswerestuckinthelifeforoveranhour.我們7個(gè)人被困在電梯里1個(gè)多小時(shí)。Igotcaughtforspeeding.我因超速而被抓住。They’vejustgotmarried.他們剛結(jié)婚。【知識(shí)鏈接】“get＋過(guò)去分詞”與“be＋過(guò)去分詞”用法相近。“get＋過(guò)去分詞”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，表示的常是意想不到的，突然的或偶然的情況，或談?wù)撟陨碜龅膭?dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的有：gethurt受傷getburnt被燒傷，被燙著getseparated被分散getkilled/paid被殺死/拿工資getdressed/washed穿衣/洗臉getlost/married迷路/結(jié)婚getdrunk喝醉【用法拓展】get/bestuckwithsb./sth.與某事件糾纏不清，無(wú)法擺脫某人Iwasstuckwithhimforthewholejourney.一路上，我都無(wú)法擺脫他。get/bestuckin還有“積極地開(kāi)始做某事”的意思，尤指大吃起來(lái)。Hereisyourfood.Wow，getstuckin！這是你的食物，快吃吧！即景活用⑥Thepoorlittleboywho_____caughtstealingacakeoverthereisanorphan.A．hasB．hadC．gotD．is解析：句意：“當(dāng)場(chǎng)被抓獲偷蛋糕的可憐的小男孩是一個(gè)孤兒?！笨疾間etcaught，在這兒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的意味，故答案是C。2．innotime立刻；趕快；馬上Thechildrenatetheirdinnerinnotime.孩子們很快吃完了飯。We’llbehomeinnexttonotime.我們將立刻回家?！径陶Z(yǔ)鏈接】intime及時(shí)，總有一天intimeof在……的時(shí)刻ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)haveahardtime吃苦，過(guò)得艱辛haveagoodtime玩得愉快everytime每次，每當(dāng)fromtimetotime有時(shí)，不時(shí)bythetime到……的時(shí)間atthetime當(dāng)時(shí)atonetime曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間atatime每次，一次allthetime一直afteratime過(guò)了一段時(shí)間attimes有時(shí)；偶爾atalltimes隨時(shí)，總是即景活用⑦—Doessheoftenaskyouforhelp?—No，only________.A．a(chǎn)talltimesB．a(chǎn)tonetimeC．a(chǎn)tatimeD．a(chǎn)ttimes解析：句意：“她經(jīng)常向你求助嗎？”“不經(jīng)常，僅僅偶爾?！笨疾樵~組辨析：atalltimes一直，始終；atonetime曾經(jīng)，一度；atatime每次；一次；attimes偶爾，有時(shí)，故答案是D。3.notonly...butalso...不但……而且……Thenursewasnotonlycompetentbutalsokind.那個(gè)護(hù)士不但能干而且親切。Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.莎士比亞不僅是個(gè)作家而且還是個(gè)演員。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)notonly...but(also)．..“不但……而且……”，連接兩個(gè)并列成分，可以是兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，也可以是兩個(gè)分句.(2)notonly...but(also)在引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，notonly放在句首，其后的句子應(yīng)使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。(3)notonly...but(also)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近一致的原則。即景活用⑧Notonly_____interestedinfootballbut_____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A．theteacherhimselfis；allhisstudentsareB．theteacherhimselfis；areallhisstudentsC．istheteacherhimself；areallhisstudentsD．istheteacherhimself；allhisstudentsare解析：notonly...but(also)．..引導(dǎo)的句子中，notonly分句要用倒裝，而but(also)分句不倒裝。這句話的意思是“不僅老師對(duì)足球感興趣，學(xué)生們也開(kāi)始對(duì)足球感興趣了?！贝鸢福篋重要句型1．Simplyraiseyourhand，andataxiwillappearinnotime.只要你招招手，馬上就會(huì)有出租車開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)。這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列祈使句這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的祈使句＋and(or，otherwise)．..相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Hurryup，oryou’llmissthebus.快點(diǎn)，否則你就趕不上車了。Useyourheadandyou’llfindaway.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子你就會(huì)想出辦法來(lái)。即景活用⑨Theartistwasbornpoor，________poorheremainedallhislife.A．a(chǎn)ndB．orC．butD．so解析：句意：這位藝術(shù)家出身貧寒，并且一生都貧困潦倒。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句表遞進(jìn)；or“否則，要不然”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；but“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；so“因此，所以”。根據(jù)句意，兩個(gè)句子之間應(yīng)是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。答案：A2．Whynotbuildmoreundergroundlines?為什么不鋪設(shè)更多的地下鐵路呢？(1)whynot＋不帶to的不定式用來(lái)提出建議。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也可以視作whydon’tyou的簡(jiǎn)化形式Sinceyouhavetostayathome，whydon’tyoudosomereading?既然你必須呆在家里，為什么不讀點(diǎn)書(shū)呢？(2)Whynot？可單獨(dú)使用，表示“為什么不行？”“好?。　薄罢?qǐng)(別客氣)。”如：—Youshouldn’tgooutwithme.你不該跟我出去。—Whynot？為什么不行？(3)“why＋不帶to的不定式”用來(lái)表示某動(dòng)作沒(méi)有必要或意義，常表示責(zé)備或指責(zé)。Whyarguewithhim？He’llneverchangehismind.為什么要跟他爭(zhēng)論？他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)改變主意的即景活用⑩—Iusuallygotherebytrain.

—________trygoingtherebyboatforachange?A．WhynottoB．WhynotC．WhydoyouD．Whyareyou解析：句意：“我通常乘火車去那兒。”“為什么不坐船去，試著改變一下？”whynotdo＝whydon’tyoudo，故答案是B?！纠?】Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult，notonly_____,

butstudentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessonsA．savedwasteachers’energyB．wasteachers’energysavedC．teachers’energywassavedD．wassavedteachers’energy【解題方法指導(dǎo)】本題考查notonly...butalso的用法。句意：“電腦在教學(xué)中應(yīng)用。結(jié)果不僅節(jié)省了老師的精力，也使學(xué)生對(duì)課程更感興趣。”在notonly...but(also)．..連接的句子中，如果notonly放在句首則本句用部分倒數(shù),但butalso后連接的句子則不能用倒裝。答案：B【例2】Withtheworldchangingfast，wehavesomethingnew______withallbyourselveseveryday.A．dealB．dealtC．todealD．dealing教材原文對(duì)照Youshouldnotonlylistentotheteacher’sandyourclassmates’pronunciation,

butalsototapesandbroadcasting.(P16)【解題方法指導(dǎo)】本題考查havesth.＋賓補(bǔ)的用法。句意：隨著世界的快速變化，每天我們都有些新東西要自行處理。由句意知：表示“有

……要做”要用have...todo。答案：C教材原文對(duì)照It’sagoodideatohaveyourdestinationwritteninChinese.(P13)代詞指代題答題攻略

代詞是用來(lái)代替前文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞的詞。所以，考查代詞的指代實(shí)際上就是要我們弄清這個(gè)代詞代替的是上文中哪一個(gè)名詞。如2002年B篇的第57題，在it前有一個(gè)aninterestingone，其中one還是代詞，再找出one所指代的名詞thequestion，由定冠詞the前移到第一自然段中的疑問(wèn)句，得出答案。代詞指代的關(guān)鍵在于要理清句與句甚至是段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，弄清層次，而不能看到前面有名詞就選為答案。【典例1】Alltoooften，achoicethatseemssustainable(可持續(xù)的)turnsoutoncloserexaminationtobeproblematic.Probablythebestexampleistherushtoproduceethanol(乙醇)forfuelfromcorn.Cornisarenewableresource—youcanharvestitandgrowmore，almostlimitlessly.Soreplacinggaswithcornethanolseemslikeagreatidea.

Onemightgetabitmoreenergyoutoftheethanolthanthatusedtomakeit，whichwouldstillmakeethanolmoresustainablethangasgenerally，butthat’snottheendoftheproblem.Usingcorntomakeethanolmeanslesscornislefttofeedanimalsandpeople，whichdrivesupthecostoffood.Thatresultleadstoturningthefallowland—including，insomecases，rainforestinplacessuchasBrazil—intofarmland，whichinturngivesofflotsofcarbondioxide(CO2)intotheair.Finally，overmanyyears，theenergybenefitfromburningethanolwouldmakeupfortheforestloss.Butbythen，climatechangewouldhaveprogressedsofarthatitmightnothelp.

Youcannotreallydeclareanypractice“sustainable”untilyouhavedoneacompletelife-cycleanalysisofitsenvironmental(環(huán)境的)costs.Eventhen，technologyandpublicpo-licykeepdeveloping，andthatdevelopmentcanleadtounforeseenandundesiredresults.Theadmirablegoaloflivingsustainablyrequiresplentyofthoughtonanongoingbasis.

(2009·四川卷，E)

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章通過(guò)用玉米轉(zhuǎn)化成乙醇為例子來(lái)討論可持續(xù)燃料的問(wèn)題，來(lái)說(shuō)明一些做法還缺少實(shí)際發(fā)展利用的基礎(chǔ)。

2.Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto________.

A.theenergybenefit

B.theforestloss

C.climatechange

D.burningethanol

解析：燃燒乙醇帶來(lái)的能源方面的好處可能會(huì)彌補(bǔ)失去森林的損失，但是到那時(shí)，氣候的變化已經(jīng)太大，“這”也于事無(wú)補(bǔ)了。由此判斷，

it指前面提到的theenergybenefit。

答案：A

【典例2】Self-esteem(自尊心)isallabouthowmuchwefeelvalued，loved，accepted，andthoughtwellofbyothers—andhowmuchwevalue，love，andacceptourselves.Peoplewithhealthyself-esteemareabletofeelgoodaboutthemselves，appreciatetheirownworth，andtakeprideintheirabilities，skills，andaccomplishments.Theydo

betteracademicallyandfinditeasiertomakefriends.Theytendtohavebetterrelationshipswithothers，feelhappier，finditeasiertodealwithmistakesandfailuresandaremorelikelytostickwithsomethinguntiltheysucceed.Thosewithlowself-esteemmayfeelasifnoonewilllikethemoracceptthemorthattheycan’tdowellinanything.

Herearesomestepsthatmayhelpimproveyourself-esteem：

Trytostopthinkingaboutnegativethoughtsaboutyourself.Ifyou’reusedtofocusingonyourshortcomings，startthinkingaboutpositiveaspectsofyourselfthatoutweighthem.Eachday，writedownthreethingsaboutyourselfthatmakeyouhappy.Itisgoodtoaimhigh，butyourgoalsshouldbewithinreach.That’swhyyoushouldsetpracticalgoalsandneverexpecttheimpossible.Mistakesarepartoflearning，soviewmistakesaslearningopportunities.Acceptthatyouwillmakemistakesbecauseeveryonedoes.Also，youshouldrecognizewhatyoucan

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