目錄一 底盤概述二 底盤的開發(fā)流程三 底盤的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與標(biāo)定四

底盤的性能調(diào)校五 底盤的驗(yàn)證優(yōu)化第一單元底盤系統(tǒng)概述底盤的定義底盤是指汽車上由傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、懸架系統(tǒng)、轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)和制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等部分組成的組合，支承、安裝汽車車身，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及其它各部件、總成，形成汽車的整體造型，承受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力，保證正常行駛。底盤的組成懸置系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)懸架系統(tǒng)操縱系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)燃油系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件第二單元底盤的開發(fā)流程整車與底盤系統(tǒng)開發(fā)流程項(xiàng)目開發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)工藝驗(yàn)證ProductStratege

&PlanningProgramInitiationConceptApproveProgramApproveEngineeringPrototypeProduct

&ProcessValidationPre- StartofPilot Pilot ProductionPSPPICAPAEPPPVPPPSOP-208-170-142-103-80-36-26-130產(chǎn)品規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)概念批準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)工程樣車產(chǎn)品與預(yù)試試生產(chǎn)批量生產(chǎn)TG1TG2完成50%的整車性能標(biāo)定完成80%的整車性能標(biāo)定完成100%的整車性能標(biāo)定EP軟模/DV硬模底盤性能開發(fā)Calibration/ValidationEngin’gPrototype/IntegrationVehicleESOEngineeringSign-Off工程認(rèn)可騾子車

Mule

Car

Tuning工程樣車

EP

Tuning前期開發(fā)

AVD底盤架構(gòu)件開發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布TG0概念數(shù)模TG1TG2軟模硬模TG0概念數(shù)模造型及車身開發(fā)底盤系統(tǒng)開發(fā)流程-懸架系統(tǒng)ProductStrategicProgramConceptProgramEngin’gProduct

&ProcessPre- Start

ofPlanningInitiationApproveApprovePrototypeValidat’nPilotPilotProductionPSPPICAPAEPPPVPPPSOP-208-170-142-103-80-36-26-130產(chǎn)品規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)概念批準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)工程樣車產(chǎn)品與預(yù)試試生批量生產(chǎn)工生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)藝驗(yàn)證硬件開發(fā)軟件開發(fā)Release1：僅EBD功能；Mule裝車；場(chǎng)地試驗(yàn)Release2：ABS/TCS/ESC基本性能；Release3：ABS/TCS/ESC性能優(yōu)化；Release4：全功能軟件；PP裝車；公共道路試驗(yàn)Release5：量產(chǎn)軟件；量產(chǎn)裝車；SOPProduct

&StrategicPlanningProgramInitiationConceptApproveProgramApproveEngin’gPrototypeProcessValidat’nPre-PilotPilotStart

ofProductiPSPPICAPAEPPPVPPPSOP-208-170-142-103-80-36-26-130Produ底ct盤系統(tǒng)開發(fā)流程-制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)第三單元底盤的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)底盤的系統(tǒng)開發(fā)明確各開發(fā)要素控制，依據(jù)開發(fā)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)各系統(tǒng)及零部件正向開發(fā)整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)底盤架構(gòu)開發(fā)24001370170042804480443246001430

1500A-級(jí)車系統(tǒng)方案：前懸架-麥弗遜，后懸架-扭轉(zhuǎn)梁電助力轉(zhuǎn)向-C-EPSA級(jí)車系統(tǒng)方案：前懸架-麥弗遜，后懸架-四連桿、扭轉(zhuǎn)梁電助力轉(zhuǎn)向-DP-EPS、C-EPSB級(jí)車系統(tǒng)方案：前懸架-麥弗遜，后懸架-四連桿，電助力轉(zhuǎn)向DP-EPS整車長度（mm）4900整備質(zhì)量（kg）平臺(tái)共用：麥弗遜前懸架、四連桿后懸架、DP-EPS轉(zhuǎn)向

平臺(tái)共用： 麥弗遜前懸架、扭轉(zhuǎn)梁后懸架、C-EPS轉(zhuǎn)向麥弗遜四連桿DP-EPS麥弗遜四連桿DP-EPS扭轉(zhuǎn)梁C-EPS麥弗遜扭轉(zhuǎn)梁C-EPS底盤系統(tǒng)選型規(guī)劃HandlingRoll-OverResistanceWeightTireLateralForceTireVerticalForceCorneringInertiaForceRideRandomRoad

MotionBraking&AccelerationBrakingInertiaForceTireFore/AftForceTireFore/AftForceWhatisVehicle

Dynamics?Comprisedof4primaryareas:?

SteeringRide平順性Handling

操縱穩(wěn)定/轉(zhuǎn)向Braking

制動(dòng)性能Traction

驅(qū)動(dòng)性能HandlingRequirementsSource:T.

GillespieFundamentalsofVehicleDynamics,SAE

BooksHandlingLinear

HandlingNon-Linear

HandlingLimit

HandlingUndersteerGradientRoll

GainYaw

ResponseStabilityParkingEffortTurningDiameterMaxLateralAccelerationNonlinearUndersteerOn

CenterDouble

LaneChange穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)LateralAccelerationResponse

TimeSteeringSensitivity穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)階躍和掃頻階躍0.4g穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)靜態(tài)/動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)向中心感最小轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑RolloverStability雙移線整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)整車（底盤）性能開發(fā)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車研究及性能目標(biāo)設(shè)定-Ride

andHandlingCar1 Car

2 Car3客觀測(cè)試目標(biāo)設(shè)定底盤性能開發(fā)

–

BrakeVTS

ExampleGovernment

RegulationsStoppingdistancerequirementsPedalfeel

requirementsBrakesystem

responseBrakebalance

requirementsThermalrequirementsLiftanddiveperformance

requirementsCombinedcorneringandbraking

performance基礎(chǔ)制動(dòng)性能標(biāo)桿A 標(biāo)桿B 標(biāo)桿C Mule制動(dòng)踏板總成真空助力器帶主缸總成ABS/ESP總成前制動(dòng)卡鉗總成手制動(dòng)操縱機(jī)構(gòu)總成前制動(dòng)盤輪速傳感器制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車研究及性能目標(biāo)設(shè)定-

Brake

System底盤性能開發(fā)ADAMS特點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件，可建立任何機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的虛擬樣機(jī)可進(jìn)行懸架KC特性仿真及整車仿真建模思路首先確定硬點(diǎn)——建立運(yùn)動(dòng)部件——用約束將它們連接——通過裝配成為系統(tǒng)——利用外力或運(yùn)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)虛擬仿真分析---ADAMS--CAR利用ADAMS對(duì)懸架及整車操穩(wěn)性能進(jìn)行虛擬仿真分析Frequency

ResponseDoubleLane

ChangeRideStep

ResponseRideandHandling

SimulationMax

PotholeRoughRoadCross

DitchLoad

PredictionSteeringAxis(Kingpin

Axis)Cast

AngleCasterOffsetatWCCasterOffsetatGroudSAInclinationAngleSAOffsetat

WCSAOffsetat

GroudSpindleLength5.5.2.15.5.2.25.5.2.35.5.2.45.5.2.55.5.2.65.5.2.75.5.2.8Steeringand

Camber

Angle 10Steering

Axis

Geometry 85.6

Suspension

Motion

65.7.1Ride

Kinematics175.7.2Roll

Kinematics115.7.3Steering

Kinematics115.7.4Anti-

Characteristics55.8RideandRoll

Stiffness6CamberandSteerCompliance4Other

Compliances 5SSTSSuspensionK&C(SAE

J670)SuspensionRollCamber5.7.2.1SuspensionRollCamberGradient5.7.2.2SuspensionRollInclination5.7.2.3SuspensionRollInclinationGradient5.7.2.4SuspensionRollCaster

5.7.2.5SuspensionRollCasterGradient5.7.2.6SuspensionRollSteer5.7.2.7SuspensionRollSteerGradient5.7.2.8RollCenter

5.7.2.9RollCenterHeight5.7.2.10RollAxis

5.7.2.11ComplianceCamber

5.9.1.1CamberCompliance

5.9.1.2ComplianceSteer

5.9.1.3SteerCompliance

5.9.1.4LateralForce

SteerLongForce

SteerAligningTorque

SteerTotal

=83整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)FrontSprung

MassRearSprung

MassTarget

F/RRide

FrequencyRideRateSpring

RateSpringLinkage

RatioTire

RateRidef=

1/2

(k/m)1/2Ks=

r2KwFlatRideFronttoRearRideFrequencyBalanceRearridefrequencyhigherthan

frontHope

FrequencyDamping

RatioSpring

Requirements:LoadRide

FrequencyTravel(atvariousloads)/MEJat

Curbat

Curb+2atGVW(Ground

Clearance)Ridefreq1.1~1.3HzHopFreq

10~13HzmsKsuspmus長直線85kph懸架系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

Suspension

K&CKtireRightturn

shownRollRollGain

(deg/g)RollCenter

(mm)F/RRollStiffness(Nm/deg)CGHeight

(mm)TireLateralLoadTransferDistribution(TLLTD)Front

View懸架系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

Suspension

K&C5mm5mm7mmTop

Mount12mmRoll

CenterLFront

ViewInstant

CenterLCABushing

LBJStrut

MountKingpinRoll

CenterCHeightRollCenterHeight

ExampleLBJLCABushingOriginalWC

(-11mm) LBJ

(+7mm)TireSize(-30mm) LCABushing(-5mm)RCH 42mmAdditionalWC

(-12mm)92mm63mmTire

Envelop

輪胎包絡(luò)LoadCaseADAMSWheelCenterDisp.CATIATireEnvelopLoadCase

ExampleTotalRackForce

Analysis整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

SSTSI-Shaft

BalancingGear

Ratio方向盤力矩波動(dòng)EPS

Sizing轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

SSTSMax

LoadEPS

Control轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)

EPS

Control底盤零件開發(fā)整車操穩(wěn)/平順轉(zhuǎn)向性能制動(dòng)性能系統(tǒng)開發(fā)零部件開發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布零部件數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)工程分析性能調(diào)校CAE

分析DMU分析工藝分析整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)底盤零件開發(fā)）概念設(shè)計(jì)方案（DCS）DCS:DesignConceptSheetDFMEADFMEA

:潛在設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析（DesignFailureMode&Effects

Analysis）SOR/TRSOR:

需求定義（Statement

ofRequirementTR: 方案評(píng)審（Technical

Review）DMU分析DMU間隙校核數(shù)據(jù)校核舉例>>

與動(dòng)力總成間隙>>

最小離地間隙CAE分析工藝分析沖壓性能分析焊接工序總裝裝配工藝CAE分析動(dòng)靜剛度&模態(tài)分析強(qiáng)度分析疲勞壽命分析底盤零件開發(fā)FlexibleinXY

planRigidinXZ

planMultilinkTrailing

Arm

強(qiáng)度分析ZYXYXZV1/V3FLCABushingDevelopmentValidation

DV整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)落錘試驗(yàn)DropHammer

Test各階段數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布底盤零件開發(fā)整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)TG0-39Q7TG1-33軟模/DVQ6TG2-25

硬模Q5EP第四單元底盤的性能調(diào)校底盤調(diào)校整車性能VTS子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SSTS零件設(shè)計(jì)/分析零件/系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)

DV整車調(diào)校驗(yàn)證底盤架構(gòu)底盤調(diào)校底盤調(diào)校-客觀試驗(yàn)

Step

Response整車客觀試驗(yàn)CAE試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)后處理報(bào)告仿真數(shù)據(jù)定園穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)最大側(cè)向加速度掃頻階躍0.4g中心感靜態(tài)/動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)向最小轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑雙移線底盤調(diào)校-客觀試驗(yàn)雙移線DLCLateralAccelerationResponse

(CAE)Car

1Car

2Car

3粗糙路

40kph過坎沖擊試驗(yàn)30kph底盤調(diào)校-平順性客觀試驗(yàn)測(cè)量位置7■■■■46531,28,9,10■■■41底盤調(diào)校

-

階段零部件狀態(tài)序號(hào)零件名稱標(biāo)桿EP12015.4.132015.4.162015.4.232015.5.122015.6.61前彈簧31N/mm35.5N/mm35.5N/mm35.5N/mm32N/mm33.7N/mm2后彈簧43N/mm45N/mm45N/mm45N/mm45N/mm45N/mm3前穩(wěn)定桿φ22.5mmφ25.5mmφ25.5mmφ25.5mmφ24.5mmφ24.5mm4后穩(wěn)定桿φ19.5mmφ21.5mmφ21.5mmφ21.5mmφ19.5mmΦ20.5mm5前減振器SF00006F035F035F035F035F0386后減振器SF00013R038R038R038R038R0457前緩沖塊(56g)NDI

60gNDI

60gNDI

60gNDI

60g(56g)8后緩沖塊(86g)NDI105gNDI

105gNDI

105gNDI

105g(86g)9前下擺臂前襯套(70HS)70HS65HS70HS70HS70HS9前下擺臂后襯套(70HS)70HS(70HS)(70HS)(70HS)(70HS)10后縱臂襯套(53HS)53HS(53HS)(53HS)(53HS)(53HS)21胎壓235/60R18

103W-設(shè)計(jì)(bar)-GVW(bar)2.1F

2.1R2.3F

2.3R2.2F2.5R2.2F

2.5R2.2F

2.5R2.2F

2.5R2.2F

2.5RQ5S700Q5S700Q5S700Q5S700Q5S700Q5S700底盤調(diào)校

–

EPS性能客觀試驗(yàn)助力特性車速方向盤位置標(biāo)桿方向盤力矩

(N/m

)EP

方向盤力矩

(N/m

)———

標(biāo)桿———

EP0kph02.25272.62151802.50943.05313602.65033.355320kph01.46130.4607902.78192.59581803.03453.088280kph01.0560.4685153.20143.3974303.52874.409100kph01.04940.5888103.01373.3653204.06864.5959Steering

Sensitivity車速標(biāo)桿(g/100deg)EP(g/100deg)———

標(biāo)桿———

EP80

kph1.541.48100

kph2.222.19Torque

Gradient車速標(biāo)桿(Nm/g)EP(Nm/g)———

標(biāo)桿———

EP80

kph13.3313.44100

kph1214.1ESC系統(tǒng)性能制動(dòng)性能客觀試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)制動(dòng)性能標(biāo)桿A 標(biāo)桿B 標(biāo)桿C Mule標(biāo)桿A Mule制動(dòng)距離100km/h（輕載）制動(dòng)距離40.8m，充分發(fā)出的平均減速度MFFDD為9.96m/s^2，滿足VTS要求。制動(dòng)性能客觀試驗(yàn)-制動(dòng)距離減速度速度P_FL0501002002503000807060504030201090150PedalForce/

NPedalTravel/

mmPedalForce-

PedalTravelQ50.05g-Q50.5g-Q5S7000.05g-S7000.5g-S70005010020025000.511.5150PedalForce/

NDeceleration/

gPedalForce-

DecelerationQ50.05g-Q50.5g-Q5S7000.05g-S7000.5g-S7000102030708000.511.540

50

60PedalTravel/

mmDeceleration/

gPedalTravel-

DecelerationQ50.05g-Q50.5g-Q5S7000.05g-S7000.5g-S700制動(dòng)踏板感覺踏板

100行程踏板力90 100踏板行程300踏板力減速度減速度油門踏板0踏板行程踏板力EP標(biāo)桿B標(biāo)桿C四驅(qū)系統(tǒng)性能

(AWD,

AWD+XWD)EP標(biāo)桿A標(biāo)桿A縱向加速度四驅(qū)輸出扭矩縱向加速度四驅(qū)輸出扭矩壓實(shí)雪面，D檔，空載，從靜止全油門加速到70km/h四輪輪速EP(AWD)四輪輪速縱向加速度四驅(qū)輸出扭矩EP(AWD+XWD)EP(AWD)低附彎道，雪圓環(huán)，半徑100m，全油門加速到該車輛彎道極限車速四驅(qū)系統(tǒng)性能

(AWD,

AWD+XWD)modenumberFreq.

(hz)fore/aftKexLateralKEyBunceKEzRollKERxPitchKERyYawKERzmode16.310.0%98.6%0.0%0.9%0.3%0.2%mode

28.210.0%0.0%99.1%0.0%0.7%0.1%mode

39.1498.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%1.1%0.3%mode

49.680.9%0.2%0.5%0.5%86.1%11.8%mode

513.390.0%0.0%0.0%0.3%1.2%98.5%mode

616.060.0%0.8%0.0%98.8%0.0%0.3%穩(wěn)態(tài)(idle):D檔（AC/on，

AC/off）N

檔（

AC/on，

AC/off）R檔（AC

on）瞬態(tài)：1檔緩加速

(1000-5000rpm)2檔急加速

(1500-