PAGE1Unit3Gettingalongwithothers（語(yǔ)法+寫作）目錄單元語(yǔ)法：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句寫作聚焦：寫作指導(dǎo)、介紹類文章學(xué)以致用：鞏固提升，全面突破單元語(yǔ)法單元語(yǔ)法限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞指代在定從中所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省which物主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省who人主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省whom人賓語(yǔ)可省whose人；物定語(yǔ)不可省as人；物主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)；表語(yǔ)不可省[溫馨提示]1．whose指人時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Iwilltalktothosestudentswhosehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，thehomeworkofwhomhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，ofwhomthehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.我將和那些沒按時(shí)完成作業(yè)的學(xué)生談話。2．關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況（1）當(dāng)先行詞是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。（2）當(dāng)先行詞被all，every，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast，just等修飾時(shí)。Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。Youaretheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.你就是我們要找的人。（3）當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的故事。（4）當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。（5）當(dāng)先行詞前面出現(xiàn)who，which等疑問代詞時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergamesthere?正在那里玩電腦游戲的那個(gè)男孩是誰？3．關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoareover45won’tbepermittedtoenterthehall.超過45歲的人不允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)大廳。4．“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；在肯定句中，“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我們班里唯一學(xué)過法語(yǔ)的男孩。5．為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。ThisisthefactorywhichwevisitedlastSunday.(visited后不可加it)這就是我們上星期天參觀的那家工廠。關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代在定從中所做成分是否可省略when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)否where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)否why原因狀語(yǔ)否1．when/which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表時(shí)間when是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中只能作狀語(yǔ),而不能作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系詞如果在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎?(when在從句中作狀語(yǔ))Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你還記得我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)一起度過的那些日子嗎?(that或which作spent的賓語(yǔ))2．where/which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表地點(diǎn)若表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用which或that來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Thisisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.這是我爺爺在40年前建造的房子。(定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),所以用which/that,不用where)3．why/which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表原因若先行詞reason在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),用why來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,若其在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用that或which來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我不聽你給我們的理由。Thereasonwhy/forwhichyoufailed,Ithink,wasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice.我認(rèn)為你失敗的原因是你沒有聽從你母親的勸告。寫作聚焦寫作聚焦介紹類文章一、寫作方法指導(dǎo)本單元的寫作任務(wù)是描述一下好的朋友應(yīng)具備的品質(zhì)。寫此類文章時(shí)，我們可以分三個(gè)部分來寫作。寫作要求是說明真正的朋友應(yīng)具備的品質(zhì)，寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1．文章應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。2．由于是就對(duì)方的問題表達(dá)自己的看法，所以人稱應(yīng)該以第二人稱和第三人稱為主。[基本框架]1．開頭——先總體介紹一個(gè)好的朋友應(yīng)該是怎樣的；2．主體——然后再分別介紹一個(gè)好的朋友必須具備的幾種品質(zhì)；3．結(jié)尾——最后進(jìn)行總結(jié)。二、寫作素材[常用詞塊]1．a(chǎn)boywithgreatability一個(gè)能干的男孩2．a(chǎn)promisingwriter一位有前途的作家3．sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力地去做某事4．haveawiderangeofinterests興趣廣泛5．getonwellwith與……相處融洽6．a(chǎn)considerateperson體貼別人的人7．bewillingtohelpothers樂于助人8．beexpertin/at善于……9．beingoodhealth/shape/condition身體健康10．gainscholarship獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金11．gain/winthefirstprize/place獲得一等獎(jiǎng)/第一名12．beawardedwiththetitleof獲得……的稱號(hào)/頭銜13．makegreatcontributionsto對(duì)……作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)14．setagoodexampletosb.為某人樹立好榜樣15．toone'scredit值得贊揚(yáng)的是16．careaboutsb.關(guān)心某人17．showrespectforsb.尊重某人18．berude/kindtosb.對(duì)某人無禮/和藹可親[常用語(yǔ)句]※精彩開頭1．Astheoldsayinggoes，“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”常言道：“患難見真情。”2．AsfarasI'mconcerned，tobuildagoodrelationship，weshouldtrusteachotherfirst.就我個(gè)人而言，要建立良好的關(guān)系，我們首先應(yīng)該彼此信任。3．Inmyopinion，agoodfriendshouldbe...在我看來，一個(gè)好朋友應(yīng)該是……4．Frommypointofview，agoodfriendislikelyto...從我的觀點(diǎn)來看，一個(gè)好朋友很可能……※正文佳句1．SheisLiHua，an18-year-oldgirlstudentinClassOne，GradeThree.Sheisopen-minded，easy-goingandenthusiastic.她叫李華，18歲，是三年級(jí)一班的一位女學(xué)生。她心胸開闊，性格隨和，熱情好客。2．Lastbutnotleast，heiswarm-heartedandwillingtohelpothersinneed.最后但同等重要的是，他是熱心的，愿意幫助有需要的人。3．Hisgreatpersonalityhasgainedtheirrespect.他偉大的品質(zhì)贏得了他們的尊重。4．Shemakesapromisethatshewillbehaveherselfandsetagoodexampletoschoolmates.她承諾，她會(huì)表現(xiàn)好的，并為同學(xué)們樹立好榜樣。5．Mymother，ahousewifeof45yearsold，ismyfavoriteperson.Sheisalwaysdressedveryneatlywithasmileofcontentmentonherface.我最喜愛的人是我的媽媽，一個(gè)45歲的家庭主婦。她總是穿著整齊，臉上帶著滿足的微笑。6．Asformypersonality，IthinkI'mveryhonestandhaveastrongsenseofresponsibility.性格方面，我覺得自己是一個(gè)坦誠(chéng)和富有責(zé)任心的人。7．Sheistallandslimwithbigbrighteyesandblackhair.她個(gè)子高挑，身材苗條，有一雙大而明亮的眼睛和一頭黑發(fā)。8．Beinghonestisthefirstfactorthatagoodfriend...誠(chéng)實(shí)是一個(gè)好朋友的首要因素……9．Secondly，beinggenerousis...第二，慷慨是……10．Lastly，beinghelpfulisasimportantas...最后，幫助別人和……一樣重要。※余味結(jié)尾1．Generallyspeaking，agoodfriendshouldhave...通常來說，好朋友應(yīng)該具有……。2．Inaword，agoodfriendshould...總之，好朋友應(yīng)該……。三、典例假定你是李華，希望通過外籍老師John找一位英語(yǔ)筆友。請(qǐng)寫一封信，描述一下你理想中筆友的條件，并說明為什么選這樣的筆友。具體條件包括：1．年齡；2．性別；3．愛好(旅游、運(yùn)動(dòng)、養(yǎng)寵物等)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJohn，I'mwritingtoaskwhetheryouareabletodomeafavour.Yourssincerely，LiHua學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用一、語(yǔ)法填空1．InPrague,Wintonsawpeoplelivinginterribleconditionsandliveswereindanger.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)2．Don’trushintoanythingyouwillregretforthenextthreeyears.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)3．TheancientlibraryIvisitedlastsummerwastragicallydestroyedinafire.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)4．Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverythinghappenedduringtheday.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)5．SusanaVazquez-Torresisafourth-yeargraduatestudentwantstosomedaydevelopnewdrugsforneglected(被忽視的)diseases.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)6．Theancienttreebranchesstretchouttowardthesunlighthasbecomeasymboloflongevity.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)7．TheonlymysteryremainsunsolvedishowthepyramidsofEgyptwerebuiltwithsuchprecision.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)8．ThefamousprofessorandhisachievementsIheardaboutaregreatlyadmiredbythesestudents.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)9．Duringexamtimewehaveaspecialprogrammetellsstudentsthethingstheyshoulddo.(連詞)（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）10．Nowadays,wecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwiththepeoplewewanttoremainfriendswith.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)11．Afterreadingthisnovel,wewereallimpressedbysuchintegritywasshownbytheleadingcharacter.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)12．Theteacheraskedsuchadifficultquestionnoonecouldanswer.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)13．Lastweekourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblemnoneofusworkedout.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)14．Youalsohavetowonderattheuniquemadnessofalanguageinahousecanburnupasitburnsdown.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)15．PeterwithsisterIsharearoomintheuniversity,hasagoodknowledgeofcomputerprogramming.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)16．AftertwomonthsinAmerica,TianHuamadesomefriendswithsheexploredthecity.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)17．Lastweek,IreadabookfromIknewhowapersoncouldmakecontributiontoprotectingtheculturalheritageofhiscountry.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)18．Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminetheextentwhichclimatechangewillimpactcoastalcommunitiesinthenextdecade.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)19．Itneveroccurredtoherthatshewasfacedwiththesamestagetheyhadbeenfacedwithtacklingthehealthcrisis.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)20．Theoldmanissohard-workingagardenerquiteafewgardenswanttohireasafull-timeworker.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)二、完成句子1．who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Theymustbeathletesandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.他們必須是精通他們的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，并且是他人學(xué)習(xí)的楷模。2．that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Theteamwasfallingapart.由郎平一手打造的團(tuán)隊(duì)處于崩潰的邊緣。3．你會(huì)交到一些好朋友,他們大多數(shù)也喜歡打乒乓球。(“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)Youwillmakesomegoodfriends,.4．無論前面有什么障礙，我都會(huì)為你盡我所能。Nomatterwhatobstacleslayahead,I’lldoeverythingIcandoforyou.5．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtointhebicyclerace(無論誰獲得自行車比賽的第一名).（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）三、寫作訓(xùn)練你校正在組織英語(yǔ)作文比賽。請(qǐng)以身邊值