高一英語閱讀理解(教育文化)解題技巧及練習題含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics(統(tǒng)計)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.

Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入學)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.（1）It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat

.A.

manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemB.

white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersC.

fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefutureD.

thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?A.

Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.B.

Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.C.

Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.D.

Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.（3）Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat

.A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegeB.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegeC.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearD.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat

.A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegeB.collegeeducationisabadthingC.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayD.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，通過調查告訴人們要改變傳統(tǒng)的觀念:應首先考慮選擇技術性的工作——因為它缺乏人才,待遇更高。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白領工人以前比藍領工人賺的錢多,故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三項正確,而D項不是大學入學人數(shù)增加的原因,故選D。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列舉了三種情況,說明有些人不適合大學教育,故選A。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知,作者通過調查告訴人們大學教育的人才過多,而技術工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接著又分析了造成這種狀況的原因;最后還談到了很多學生上了大學卻因種種原因無法完成學業(yè)。所有這些都在暗示人們,上大學的人應該減少,而參加技術工作的人應該增多，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和句義猜測兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.

The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(評估)(PISA)showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.

USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD(經(jīng)合組織)testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'mathsskills?

OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.

AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.（1）Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout

.A.

theUSaveragescoreB.

thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISAC.

Americanstudents'performanceinmathsD.

Americanstudents'situationinscienceandreadingskills（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'2015PISAresults.B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'problemswithmaths.C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了2015年PISA評估結果顯示美國學生的數(shù)學成績較之以前有明顯下降,進而分兩方面闡述了造成這一結果的原因。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美國的教育界人士最近非常擔心的是美國學生在數(shù)學上的表現(xiàn),“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美國的數(shù)學教學深度不夠,導致；以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美國學生在復雜問題的求解上有很大的困難。故選D。（3）考查主旨大意。由PISA評估引出問題“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?”,美國學生的數(shù)學技能怎么樣了?接著下文的兩段分別列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美國學生在數(shù)學上出現(xiàn)問題的原因,故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建議)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，因為這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。所以本文的目標讀者是父母們，而不是研究人員、老師或兒童。故選C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告訴父母們如果他們這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，滿足三個要求的人認知能力最好，接下來是滿足睡眠時間以及屏幕消遣限制時間，最后是滿足屏幕消遣限制時間。據(jù)此推斷，體育鍛煉對認知能力影響最小。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建議父母們給孩子設立睡眠規(guī)則，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是確保孩子在臥室里有足夠的睡眠時間。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.Torelieve(緩解)stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.Thenyoucaneasilybeatstress.

Talkitout

Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.Yourworrieswillbedivided!Ifyouareyourownboss,youneedsomegoodadvisersaroundyou,whoknowyourtroubleandtalksense.Ifthereisnosuchpersonsatyourworkplace,lettherebeoneathome,whoisafriend,afamilymemberoraguidethatyoucantalkto.

Letmusiccalmyourmind

Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.

Takeawalk

Ifthereisaparkaround,goandhaveawalkthere.Youcaneatsomesnackssittingonthegrass.Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.Awalkworksasitalsoclearsyourthoughts.Youcanlistentomusicwhilegoingonawalk.

Havealifebeyondtheworkplace

Ifyoukeepthinkingaboutnothingotherthanworkallthetime,thereisboundtobestress.So,throwawayyourthoughtsaboutworkafteryouleaveyourofficeandgetalifebeyondit.Havealifebeyondtheworkplace,andyoucanrelaxafterwork.（1）Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthattorelievestress,weshould_________.A.

knowwhatcausesstressfirst

B.

swimalotwhenwearefreeC.

findagoodadvisertotalkto

D.

paymoreattentiontowork（2）Torelieveworkstress,you'dbettertalktothosewho________.A.arefreeofjobstressB.haveenoughtimetotalktoyouC.havethesamesufferingsD.canchangeyourjob（3）listeningtosomemusiccan__________.A.helpyouimproveyourtasteofmusicB.improveyourrelationshipwithothersC.makeyoufeelmoretiredofyourjobD.letyourelaxandforgetworkstress（4）Whentakingawalktorelieveworkstress,youshould_________.A.considerproblemsatworkatthesametimeB.letyourmindatpeaceanddosomeexerciseC.makenewfriendswithstrangersasyouwalkD.walktoaquietplaceasfarawayaspossible（5）Theauthorofthispassagemaybe________.A.aresearcherwhostudiesmusicB.tiredofworkingunderpressureC.apersonwhoistryingtofindajobD.expertindealingwithworkstress【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些可以緩解工作壓力的方法。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Torelieve(緩解）stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.“可知，想要緩解思想上的壓力，我們首先要明白壓力的特征和它產(chǎn)生的原因。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.“可知，與別人交談可以緩解工作壓力，尤其是和自己有相同遭遇或者相同壓力的人。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.“可知音樂可以讓人遠離擔憂，聽喜歡的音樂也是一種緩解壓力的方式，即音樂可以令人放松并且緩解壓力。故選D。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的”

Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.“可知，我們在散步時要暫時忘記工作，關注周圍的世界，讓身體動起來。故選B。（5）考查推理判斷。結合文章所給的幾個緩解工作壓力的方法和第一段的”Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.“可推測本文的作者可能是處理工作壓力方面的專家。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

"Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberudetosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedbysimplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthehadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.

Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinesstomedicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participantsrecordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiencesoverthecourseofthatday.

Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalfhadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvariousmeans,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.

Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.

Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.

Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocanlimitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement(強化)andbuildacivilworkplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsandhelpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.（1）WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?A.

Thepopularityofrudeness.

B.

Aregularcauseofrudeness.C.

Anewfindingaboutrudeness.

D.

Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.（2）Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?A.

Tomakethemspreadrudeness.B.

Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.C.

Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.D.

Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.（3）Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?A.

Beingunwillingtowork.

B.

Poorabilitytodotheirwork.C.

Seriousemotionalsufferings.

D.

Lessinteractionwithothers.（4）Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，關于“無禮”行為作為一種“傳染性”行為是可以避免的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebadbehavior”你甚至不必成為不良行為的目標，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了這種無禮行為的“傳染性”之后，是在引出一項關于這種行為的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上，參與者還觀看了一段描述某種工作場所互動的短視頻；第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday…”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為……和第五段中的“Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.”然而，并不是所有的參與者都受到了粗魯視頻的影響?？芍寘⑴c者觀看視頻是為了讓他們受到更多的影響而研究他們的情緒變化。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為，而且他們也更有可能逃離同事，以免自己成為無禮行為的受害者。他們報告說，他們的整體工作因此受到影響?？芍恍﹨⑴c者在觀看視頻之后會逃避與人交流以免成為受影響者。故選D。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究開始前幾周，參與者完成了一項評估，評估內容包括他們的自信心和情緒穩(wěn)定性等。在這項評估中得分較高的參與者受粗魯行為影響的可能性明顯較低。可知，不易受到影響的人較為冷靜沉著。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Chewinggum(口香糖)hasitsoriginsinancienttimesfromMayanstoGreekswhowouldchewtheresin(樹脂)ofcertaintreesformedicalpurposesandmaybeevenforfresheningbreath.ThehistoryofchewinggumcontinuedasNativeAmericansintroducedittoEuropeansettlers.

ChewinggumhitthemarketafterSantaAnnabroughtacaseofchicle(糖膠樹脂)fromMexicotoNewYork.SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdamsThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.TheinventiontookoffandwasknownasChiclets.

In1900FrankFleercoatechewinggumwithsugar,andin1906BlibberBlubberwasinvented,butnevermadeittomarket.BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubble(破了的泡泡)fromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.

Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.

However,itwasn'tuntil1928thatbubblegumwascreated.WalterDiemer,workingforFrankFleer'sgumcompany,discoveredbubblegumbyaccidentwhileexperimentinginthelabduringhisbreaks.ThegumwasnamedDubbleBubble.Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.

AccordingtotheInternationalChewingGumAssociation,duringWWIIDubbleBubblewashandedoutbyUSmilitarymembersasgifts,therebyspreadingitspopularityamongthepeoplesofEurope,Africa,andAsia.Andinthe1930shefirstbubblegumcardsappeared."thepictureschangedfromwarheroestoWildWestfigurestoprofessionalathletes."

Bubblegumhasbeenpopulareversince,especiallyamongchildren,thankstoitsinventiveshapes,andsugaryflavors,fromoriginalbubblegumtoayardstickoffruitybubblegum.（1）HowdidThomasAdamsdealwiththechiclethatSantaAnnagavetohim?A.

Hesoldittothemilitary.

B.

HeintroducedittoEuropeans.C.

Heturneditintochewinggum.

D.

Heuseditformedicalpurposes.（2）Whichofthefallowingistheleastpopular?A.

Chiclets

B.

Gumballs.

C.

DubbleBubble.

D.

BlibberBlubber.（3）WhatwasspecialaboutDubbleBubblewhenitwasinvented?A.

Itwaspink-colored.

B.

Itwascandy-coated.C.

Itwashardtoremovefromone'sskin.

D.

ItwasinventedbyaUSmilitarymember.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlyintroduce?A.

Thepopularityofgum.

B.

Thehistoryofbubblegum.C.

Theoriginsofchewinggum.

D.

Theinventionofthegumballmachine.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了泡泡糖的起源和歷史。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdams.ThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.”SantaAnna給了兼職發(fā)明家ThomasAdams一些。ThomasAdams將口香糖改頭換面，將其作為一種糖果推向市場。可知ThomasAdams把SantaAnna給他的樹膠變成了口香糖。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubblefromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.”BlibberBlubber太粘了，不使用一些特殊的工具就很難把皮膚上破裂的泡沫去除?？赏浦驗锽libberBlubber的特性，BlibberBlubber最不受歡迎。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.”粉紅色是當時唯一可以使用的顏色，DubbleBubble從那時起一直保持粉紅色?？芍擠ubbleBubble被發(fā)明出來的時候，它的特別之處是它是粉色的。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.”泡泡糖的歷史如果不提到普及了泡泡糖的口香糖機就不完整了。1907年，第一臺口香糖機問世，并開始銷售涂了糖衣的口香糖。以及文章的主要內容是圍繞著泡泡糖的歷史展開，可知本文主要介紹泡泡糖的歷史。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Childrenwhospendmoretimereadingwiththeirparentshaveagreaterchanceofbecomingbetterreadersthanthosewhodon't.Withhelpfromtheirparents,childrencanlearntechniquestoimprovetheirreadingskills.

"Alotofparentsthinkaftertheirchildlearnstoread,theyshouldstopreadingtothem,"DonnaGeorgesaid."Theyaresadlymistaken."

GeorgeoffersherservicestoparentsattheTitleILearningCenters.Shesaidreadingaloudtochildrenmaybethemostvaluablethingparentscando."Itisbetterforchildrentohearthingsatahighlevelthanwheretheyare,"Georgesaid."Parentsaretheirchild'sfirstteacher."Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.

Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.GeorgesuggestednotallowingkidstohaveaTVintheirbedrooms,settingascheduleofwhenkidscanwatchorkeepingalistofhowmanyprogramschildrenwatch.LouiseJonessaidthatwhileher14-year-olddaughterand10-year-oldsonenjoyreading,thetelevisionsometimesbecomesadistraction.Soshetriestobuildthesituationbysuggestingbookstheentirefamilywillenjoyreadingtogether,liketheHarryPotterseries.

Parentswhodonotreadthemselvesshouldnotcountontheirchildrenbeingenthusiasticaboutit.Ifparentswouldreadtotheirchildrenatleast15minuteseveryday,childrenwouldnothavesomanyproblemsinschool.Itistheparents'jobtohelpbuildthatdesireintheirchildren,andofcoursetoknowwhatkindofbookstoreadisalsoimportant.（1）AccordingtoGeorge,readingaloudtochildren______.A.helpsthemcorrectmistakesB.ishelpfultotheirreadingC.isparents'firstdutytotheirchildrenD.cangetchildrenoutoftelevision'sattraction（2）Theunderlinedword"distraction"(inParagraph4)meanssomethingthatcan_____.A.improvechildren'sreadingskillsB.helpchildrenformtherighthabitofreadingC.makechildreninterestedinreadingD.stopchildrenconcentratingonreading（3）Whatisimportantaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Readingskills.B.Readingspeed.C.Readingmaterials.D.Readingenvironment.（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.A.ChildrenSpendMoreTimeReadingwithParentsB.ParentsAreTheirChild'sFirstTeacherC.HowParentsMakeTheirChildaBetterReaderD.HowtoImproveChildren'sReadingAbility【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會提高閱讀技巧，并詳細闡述了父