2024-2025學(xué)年山東省菏澤市第一中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題

一、閱讀理解(★★)TherehavebeenmanygreatpaintersintherichhistoryofChineseart.HerearefourofthegreatestpaintersfromChina.WuGuanzhongWidelyconsideredasthefounderofmodernChinesepainting,WuGuanzhonghaspaintedvariousaspectsofChina,likeitsarchitecture,plants,animals,peopleandlandscapes.WuwasinfluencedbyPost-ImpressionistartandwentontocombineWesternandChinesestylestocreateauniqueformofmodernart.In1992,hebecamethefirstlivingChineseartistwhoseworkwasexhibitedattheBritishMuseum.QiBaishiOneofthegreatestcontemporaryChinesepainters,QiBaishiisknownfornotbeinginfluencedbyWesternstyleslikemostofthepaintersofhistime.HecanbeconsideredasthelastgreattraditionalpainterofChina.QiBaishipaintedalmosteverythingfrominsectstolandscapes.HeisregardedhighlyinChineseartforthefreshnessandspontaneity(自然)thathebroughttothefamiliartypesofinsects,birdsandflowers.LiChengLiChengcontributedgreatlytooneofthegoldenagesoflandscapepaintingsinworldhistory.Duringhistime,hewasconsideredthebestlandscapepainterever.Heisrememberedespeciallyforthewinterlandscapeshecreatedandforsimplecompositionoftall,oldevergreenssetagainstadrylandscape.Severalofhispaintingsareindiluted(稀釋的)inkwhichgivesthemafoggyappearance.FanKuanFanKuanbeganhiscareerbymodellinghisworksonthoseofLiChengbutlatercreatedhisownstyleclaimingthattheonlytrueteacherwasnature.HisfinestworkTravellersAmongMountainsandStreamsisamasterpieceoflandscapepaintingandmanyfutureartiststurnedtoitforinspiration.1.WhatisonefeatureofWuGuanzhong’spaintings?

A．Theyhavefoggyappearances.B．Theylackdiversityinthetheme.C．TheycomeunderWesterninfluence.D．Theyshowfewtraditionalpaintingskills.2.Whobroughtanewfeeltoinsectpainting?

A．WuGuanzhong.B．QiBaishi.C．LiCheng.D．FanKuan.3.WhatdidthefourChinesepaintershaveincommon?

A．Theycreatedlandscapepaintings.B．Theywereproductivepainters.C．TheywereinfluencedbyWesternart.D．TheywerepioneersinChinesearthistory.(★★★)IntheUS,tornadoesareresponsibleformanydeathsandinjurieseachyear.Althoughtheyoccurquitefrequently,tornadoesaredifficulttopredict.Why?Tornadoesdevelopfromstorms,butonlysomestormsarelikelytobecometornadoes.Scientistsdon’tknowwhereandwhenastormwilltouchthegroundandturnintoatornado.Today,thewarningtimeforatornadoisusuallyjust13minutes.TimSamarasisastormchaser(追隨者).Hisjobistofindtornadoesandfollowthem.Whenhegetsclosetoatornado,heputsaspecialtoolcalledaturtleprobeontheground.Thistoolmeasuresthingslikeatornado’stemperature,humidity(濕度),andwindIspeed.Withthisinformation,Samarascanlearnwhatcausestornadoestodevelop.Ifmeteorologists(氣象學(xué)家)understandthis,theycanwarnpeopleabouttornadoessoonerandsavelives.HowdoesSamarashunttornadoes?It’snoteasy.First,hehastofindone.Tornadoesaretosmalltoseeusingweathersatellites.SoSamarascan’trelyonthesetoolstofindatornado.Insteadhewaitsfortornadoestodevelop.EveryMayandJune,Samarasdrivesabout40,000kilometresacrossanareaknownasTornadoAlley,lookingandhopingtospotatornado.OnceSamarasseesatornado,thechasebegins.Butatornadoishardtofollow.Sometornadoeschangedirectionseveraltimes-forexample,movingeastandthenwestandtheneastagain.WhenSamarasfinallygetsnearatornado,heputstheturtleprobeontheground.Beingthisclosetoatornadoisterrifying.Debris(碎片)isflyingintheair.Thenwindisblowingathighspeed.Hemustgetawayquickly.Theworkisrisky,evenforaskilledchaserlikeSamaras.Butdangerwon’tstophishuntfortheperfectstorm.4.Whatdoweknowabouttornadoesfromthetext?

A．Theyarenotacommonoccurrence.B．Theyusuallytouchdowninthesouth.C．Thewarningtimeforthemisveryshort.D．Theyoftendevelopintostorms.5.Whatisaturtleprobeusedtodo?

A．Predicttornadoes.B．Collectinformationabouttornadoes.C．Chasetornadoes.D．Decreasethepoweroftornadoes.6.HowdoesSamarasfindatornado?

A．Byusingaturtleprobe.B．Byusingweathersatellites.C．BysearchingalongTornadoValley.D．Byobservingtemperaturechanges.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthejobofatornadochaser?

A．Itisdifficultanddangerous.B．Itisstressfulandtroublesome.C．Itismysteriousandinteresting.D．Itisexcitingandpopular.(★★)TheGreatSphinxofGiza,Egypt,isoneofcivilisation’sgreatestmysteries.Nooneknowsforsureexactlywhen,why,orhowitwasbuilt.Itisanenormoussculpture,believedtobethebiggestevercreated.Itmeasuresabout241feet(73.5metres)longand66feet(20metres)high.Duetoitsunknownorigin,thismassivecreationhaspuzzledlocals,tourists,historians,andarchaeologistsforcenturies.TheSphinxhasthebodyofalionandtheheadofaman,whichgivesittheappearanceofamythicalcreature.Itremainsmostlyintacttoday,withtheexceptionofitsnose.Manylegendssurroundthemissingnose,butawidelyacceptedexplanationisthataformerrulerhadthenosecarvedoffatsomepointafteritscreation.MostarchaeologistsbelievethattheSphinxwasbuiltabout4,600yearsagobyapharaoh(法老),orruler,namedKhafre.Hispyramid,thegianttombthatholdsKhafre’sbody,islocateddirectlybehindtheSphinx.StoneblockscutoutinordertocarvetheSphinx’sfacewereusedtobuildtheKhafreValleyTempleataboutthesametime.SomehistoriansalsobelievetheSphinx’sfacewasmodelledafterthefaceofKhafre.Formostofitsexistence,theSphinxwasburiedinsand.Onestoryclaimsthataround1400BC,thepharaohThutmoseIVdreamtthattheSphinxorderedhimtoclearawaythesandinreturnforthecrown(王位)ofEgypt.ThesandsoonburiedtheSphinxagain,however.Inthe1850s,thesandwaspartiallycleared,andinthe1930s,theSphinxwastotallyexposed.Now,wind,humidity,andsmogarecausingtheSphinxtocrumble(碎裂).ArchaeologistsmustactquicklytopreservethismysterioussymbolofEgypt.8.WhyistheSphinxconsideredtobemysterious?

A．Peopleknowlittleaboutit.B．Windandsmogdidn’tbreakitdown.C．Itisthebiggestsculptureevermade.D．Itwasburiedinthesandforcenturies.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intact”inparagraph2mean?

A．Complete.B．Sensitive.C．Mysterious.D．Confusing.10.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A．ThehistoryofKhafre’sfamoustomb.B．DocumentsrecordingKhafre’srulingofEgypt.C．Khafre’sgreatachievementinbuildingtheSphinx.D．EvidencesupportingKhafre’sbuildingoftheSphinx.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonarchaeologiststodo?

A．DigouttheSphinxcompletely.B．TakeactiontoprotecttheSphinx.C．FurtherunderstandthesymbolofEgypt.D．RestoretheSphinxtoattractmorepeople.(★★★)Weknowthatourpetdogsandcatscanrecogniseourfaces,butourpetfish?AteamofscientistsfromBritainandAustraliahavediscoveredthatarcherfish(噴水魚)candistinguishhumanfaces!Thismarksthefirsttimethataspeciesoffishhasshownsuchanability.Suchabilitieshavebeenpreviouslyshowninbirds,butunlikefish,theyhavebeenproventohavestructuressimilartotheneocortex(大腦新皮層),theresearchersadded.“Beingabletodistinguishbetweenalargenumberofhumanfacesisasurprisinglydifficulttask,”DrNewportsaid,“mainlyduetothefactthatallhumanfacessharethesamebasicfeatures.”Duringtheirexperiments,DrNewportandherco-workerspresentedarcherfishwithtwoimagesofhumanfaces,andtrainedthemtochooseonebyspittingjets(噴射流)ofwateratthatpicture.Next,thefishwerepresentedwiththefamiliarfaceandseveralthatwereunfamiliar,andwereabletocorrectlypicktheonethattheyhadbeentrainedtorecognise,evenwhenfeaturessuchasheadshapeandcolourwereremovedfromtheselectedpictures.Inthefirstexperiment,thearcherfishweretaskedwithpickingthepreviouslylearntfacefromagroupof44newones,whichtheydidwith81%accuracy.Inthesecond,theresearchersdecidedtomakethingsalittleharder.Theytookthepicturesandmadethemblackandwhiteandevenedouttheheadshapes.Youwouldthinkthatwouldshockthefish.Butno,theywereabletopickthefamiliarfaceeventhen-andwithmoreaccuracy:86%!“Fishhaveasimplerbrainthanhumansandentirelylackthesectionofthebrainthathumansuseforrecognisingfaces.Despitethis,fishmaystillbecapableoffindingthefacetheyaretrainedtorecognise,”DrNewportsaid.“Thefactthatarcherfishcanlearnthistasksuggeststhatcomplexbrainsarenotnecessarilyneededtorecognisehumanfaces.”12.Whatdidthescientiststrainarcherfishtodointheexperiments?

A．Communicatewithhumans.B．Distinguishdifferentcolours.C．Spitwateronafamiliarface.D．Ignorehumanfacialfeatures.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“evenedout”inparagraph5?

A．normalisedB．standardisedC．complicatedD．clarified14.Whatdoestheresearchshow?

A．Archerfishareclevererthanotherfishes.B．Allfishescanbetrainedtorecognisehumanfaces.C．Complexbrainsarenotnecessaryforfacialrecognition.D．Itisverydifficultforanimalstorecognisehumanfaces.15.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A．Abiologytextbook.B．Amedicalreport.C．AnanimalTVprogramme.D．Asciencemagazine.(★★)GoinggreenwhiletravellingisaneffectivewaytoprotecttheEarth’snaturalandculturalresources.Itisalsoagreatwaytoestablishdeeperconnectionswithlocalcommunitiesandtheenvironment.Tobecomeagreensustainabletraveller,youcanfollowthesesimplesteps:TravellocalIfavacationiswhatyouneed,trychoosingnearbydestinationsandstayinglocal.16Thisway,yougettosaveontimeandmoneyandavoidairtravel,whichhelpsreducegreenhousegasemissions.ShopandeatlocalAvoideatingatmultinationalchainrestaurantsorshoppinginlargesupermarketsandbrandstores.17Thisway,you’rehelpingkeeppeopleemployedandpreventingtransportationacrossfardistances.Choosegreenaccommodation18Toensurethis,youmayneedtofindanswerstoquestionslikeifthehoteliscertified,oriftheyhaveasustainabilityreport,orwhattheirwastemanagementprotocol(方案)andplasticpolicylookslike,oriftheirproductsandmenusarelocallysourced,andsoon.UsesustainabletransportFlyingcanseemeasyandattractive,butit’sespeciallyharmfultotheenvironment.Ifyourdestinationcanbereachedbytrain,consideroptingforit.19It’salsoadvisabletousepublictransportinsteadofcarswhichburnthroughdoubletheamountoffuel.Ifyouhavenooptionbuttofly,considerbookingnon-stopflightsinsteadofhavinglayovers(轉(zhuǎn)機).Gopaperless20Thispreventstravellersfromprintingboardingpasses,hotelreservations,andentrytickets.Bygoingpaperless,younotonlyhelptheenvironmentbutalsoavoidlosingticketsandenjoyeasyaccesstothematthesametime.

A．Alotofattractionsacceptmobiletickets.B．Alwaysswitchoflightsbeforeleavingyourroom.C．Slowtravelisasmartandresponsiblewaytotravel.D．Surpriseyourselfbydiscoveringtheclose-byattractions.E．Whileexploringcities,cyclingandwalkingarerecommended.F．Onvacations,choosesustainablehotelsthatemploygreenpracticesG．Instead,choosesmallbusinessestohelpstimulatethelocaleconomy.二、完形填空(★★★)InthecityIlivein,wehavealocalnationalparkfulloftrees.OnedayIwaslookingaroundandclimbingbyatrack,whenIsawabeautifultarantula(狼蛛)crossingapath.Ijuststoppedanddecidedto________carefullyitswalkingnature.Behindmetherewasafamilygoingupthesametrack.Andtheyalso________thetarantula.Withoutdoubtingit,akidshouted,“Quickly,Dad,killit.”Hisbrotheralsosaidthat,________theirdadtokillthetarantula.ThenI________theirdad,saying,“Wait.Thisisthelastplacethatthetarantulahastolivein.Doyou________wanttokillit?”“Well,it’s________andweallhavekidshere.”“Whynotstandstillandletitcrosssafely?Thenyoucangoupand________therestoftheforest.”Aftersome________,theyagreedtostandstillandwatch.Soon,thetarantulacrossedandhidintothebushesandrocks.Isharedthatsometimeswegetinto________butweneedtokeepcalmand________ourpointofview.________wearekindtoasmallcreature,thenwecanstarttobekindtobiggerones.Theirdad________meandsharedhisopinionsabouttheabove-mentionedexperience.Hesaid,“You’reright.Iwasabouttomakea________.”Thechildrenevensaidgoodbyetothetarantulaandthey________somethingtoo.Iremainedthere,watchingthefamilypasswitha________viewpointoflife.21.A．describeB．examineC．pictureD．watch22.A．expectedB．knewC．noticedD．checked23.A．encouragingB．teachingC．forcingD．reminding24.A．questionedB．orderedC．suggestedD．stopped25.A．a(chǎn)ctuallyB．simplyC．reallyD．a(chǎn)lways26.A．dangerousB．dirtyC．uglyD．powerful27.A．showB．a(chǎn)dmireC．followD．protect28.A．decisionsB．preparationsC．discussionsD．processes29.A．pleasureB．regretC．excitementD．fear30.A．changeB．improveC．makeD．express31.A．BeforeB．IfC．ThoughD．Unless32.A．promisedB．ignoredC．greetedD．thanked33.A．jokeB．differenceC．mistakeD．plan34.A．lostB．learntC．feltD．won35.A．newB．comprehensiveC．realisticD．perfect三、語法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HuangHeValleyisthebirthplaceofancientChinesecivilisation,andforthatreasonitisoftencalled“MotherRiver.”Thevalley36(surround)theimportantriverofnorthernChinaandisatthecentreofthousandsofyearsofChinesehistory.Over5,400kilometreslong,theHuangHeisChina’ssecond-longestriver.Ithasadrainagebasin(流域面積)ofaround750,000squarekilometres,thethird37(large)basinareainChina.ItisalsocalledtheYellowRiverbecauseitswaterscarrysilt(泥沙),whichgivestheriveritsyellow-browncolour.Whiletheriverhelpscreaterichlandthatissuitableforfarming,duringcertaintimesoftheyeartheHuangHe38(frequent)overflows.ThewaterdamageshousingandcropsacrosstheNorthChinaPlain,animportant39(agriculture)region.Becauseofthis,theHuangHeisalsonamed“China’sSorrow.”Despitethe40(possible)offlooding,theHuangHeValleybasinishometo41hugepopulation,andmanyofChina’soldestcities42(situate)alongtheriver.Itishardtosayexactly43villagesandtribesbeganarisinginHuangHeValley,44mostscholarsagreethatamajorpowerconsolidation(合并)occurredfromaround2100to1600BC,45(create)theXiaDynasty.Duringthattime,triballeaderscametogethertotrytosolvetheproblemoftheHuangHeoverflowingandwipingouttheirvillagesandcrops.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假如你是李華，為緩解同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)壓力，豐富校園生活，你校計劃舉辦一年一度的音樂藝術(shù)節(jié)，請你代表同學(xué)們給外教David寫信，邀請他參加本次活動。主要內(nèi)容包括：1.音樂節(jié)時間地點;2.音樂節(jié)內(nèi)容和意義;3.對David參加音樂節(jié)的期待。注意：詞數(shù)80左右;可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫。DearDavid,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達(★★★)47.OurgrouphadstoppedtoremoveourbootsbeforeasmallstreamcrossingafteramorningofexploringtheseasidefoothillsofCanada’sTorngatMountainsNationalParkinNewfoundlandandLabrador.Ilookedupandthereitwas,about150yardsaway,staringatus:apolarbear.Ourguideshadwarnedusaboutthedangersofpolarbearcountry,butIthoughtI’dbeluckyifIsawoneinthewild.I’veseenplentyofblackbears,butneveranythingthisbig.Thisguywasabruiser.Wegatheredtogetherandbeganshoutingatthebear,butwhenthatdidn’tfrightenit,ourguide,Rich,shotaflare(照明彈).Thebearescapedtoaledge,andwecrossedthestreamintocamp.Itstayedthereaswecookedandateourdinner.Whenbedtimerolledaround,Iglancedup.Thebearhadn’tmoved.Istartedcyclingthroug