試卷第=page55頁，共=sectionpages3030頁試卷第=page66頁，共=sectionpages3030頁2025年秋季高二開學(xué)摸底考試模擬卷（上海專用）英語（考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：105分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．難度系數(shù)：0.65。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。I.GrammarandVocabulary（每題1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)TheTransformativePowerofSoloTravelSolotravel,consideredbymanyastheultimateformofself-discovery,hasgainedimmensepopularityamongyoungadultsinrecentyears.Unlikegrouptours1everythingisarranged,travelingalonepushesindividualsoutoftheircomfortzones,forcingthemtoconfrontunexpectedchallenges.Statisticsshowthatthenumberofsolotravelersunder302(increase)by150%since2015.Whatdrivesthistrend?Psychologistssuggestthatyoungpeople,growingupinanincreasinglydigitalworld,3(pursue)authenticexperiencesthatsocialmediacannotprovide.Whenyou'realoneinaforeigncountrywithnoone4(rely)on,everydecision—fromnavigatingpublictransportation5orderingfoodinalocaldialect—becomesalessoninindependence.However,solotravelisn'twithoutrisks.Seasonedtravelersrecommend6(research)localcustomsthoroughlybeforehand.IncertainMiddleEasterncountries,forinstance,womentravelingaloneareexpectedtodressmodestlytoavoidunwantedattention.Failure7(respect)culturalnormsmayleadtoseriousconsequences.Ultimately,those8haveexperiencedsolotraveloftendescribeitaslife-changing.Thechallengesovercomeandperspectivesgainedtendtohave9profoundimpactthatnoclassroomeducationcanmatch.AstravelwriterPicoLyeronceremarked,“Wetravelinitiallytoloseourselves;wetravelnexttofindourselves.”Perhapsthisexplains10moreyoungpeoplearechoosingtoembarkonjourneysalone,seekingnotjustdestinations,buttransformations.【答案】1．where2．hasincreased3．pursue4．torely5．to6．researching7．torespect8．who9．a(chǎn)10．why【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要探討了獨(dú)自旅行的變革力量，指出其近年來在年輕人中廣受歡迎的原因、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及帶來的深遠(yuǎn)影響。1．考查定語從句。句意：與一切都安排妥當(dāng)?shù)膱F(tuán)體旅游不同，獨(dú)自旅行將個(gè)人推出舒適區(qū)，迫使他們面對意想不到的挑戰(zhàn)。此處為定語從句，先行詞為grouptours，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。2．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自2015年以來，30歲以下的獨(dú)自旅行者數(shù)量增加了150%。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“since2015”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語為thenumberofsolotravelers，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填hasincreased。3．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，在日益數(shù)字化的世界中成長的年輕人，正在追求社交媒體無法提供的真實(shí)體驗(yàn)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處描述的是目前正在發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語為youngpeople，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填pursue。4．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)你獨(dú)自一人在異國他鄉(xiāng)，無人可依靠時(shí)，從乘坐公共交通工具到用當(dāng)?shù)胤窖渣c(diǎn)餐，每一個(gè)決定都成為獨(dú)立的教訓(xùn)。此處為“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，relyon與noone構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。故填torely。5．考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)你獨(dú)自一人在異國他鄉(xiāng)，無人可依靠時(shí)，從乘坐公共交通工具到用當(dāng)?shù)胤窖渣c(diǎn)餐，每一個(gè)決定都成為獨(dú)立的教訓(xùn)。此處為固定短語from...to...，意為“從……到……”。故填to。6．考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的旅行者建議事先徹底研究當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗。recommenddoingsth.為固定短語，意為“建議做某事”，因此用research的動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。故填researching。7．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：不尊重文化規(guī)范可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果。failuretodosth.為固定短語，意為“未能做某事”，因此用respect的不定式形式作定語。故填torespect。8．考查定語從句。句意：最終，那些有過獨(dú)自旅行經(jīng)歷的人常常將其描述為改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)歷。此處為定語從句，先行詞為those，指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。9．考查冠詞。句意：克服的挑戰(zhàn)和獲得的見解往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，這是課堂教育無法比擬的。此處為固定短語haveaprofoundimpact，意為“產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響”。故填a。10．考查賓語從句。句意：也許這解釋了為什么越來越多的年輕人選擇獨(dú)自踏上旅程，尋求的不僅僅是目的地，還有轉(zhuǎn)變。此處為賓語從句，從句中缺少原因狀語，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)。故填why。SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA．a(chǎn)ccurately

B．craft

C．double-check

D．functions

E.laboriousF.narrowG.pools

H.progressively

I.shares

J.tips

K.unlockAsktherightwayWiththeintroductionofaccessiblenewAIsystemslikeChatGPT,travelwillneverbethesame.AIhassimplifiedplanningandmadeiteasiertodiscovernewexperience.Insteadofamarchthrough11research,usersgetsimilarresultswithaquickconversationwithAI.AIisgreatforsometravel12,likegeneratingideas,highlightingsmallbusinesses,andtranslatinglanguages,buttherearetrickstouseitwell,especiallywhenitcomestotraveling.Here’showtobestuseAIfortravel.Onceyouhavechosenyourdestinations,13yoursearch.AIisskilledatrespondingtospecificinterests,whetheryou’relookingforthebestrestaurantinanareaordesigningafive-daytravelplanofoff-the-beaten-pathmuseums.AIisalsousefulinfindingresponsestoprompts(提示)like“l(fā)esscrowded”or“underrated.”ItisbecauseunlikeplatformssuchasTripAdvisor,thesystem14knowledgefromallcornersoftheweb,interpretsresultstofityourinquiresbestandthendeliverstheinformationinaconversationalway.To15agoodprompt,it’scrucialtoaskquestionsinyournativelanguage.AImodelscanspeakandunderstandmanylanguages,andyourgrammarmatters.Themorepreciseyourpunctuation(標(biāo)點(diǎn)),spelling,andgrammar,themore16AIwillbeabletounderstandyou.Finally,always17AI’sanswersagainstothersourcesascross-referencingitssuggestionswithtrustedplatformsaddsanextralayerofconfidencetoyourplanning.Bymasteringthese18youcantapintothispowerfulgenerativeenginetoensureasafer,better-informedandmoresatisfyingtravelexperience.Everyday,AIisrapidlyevolvingasmorestart-upsandcompaniesfigureoutthebestwaysto19itspotentialtodeliverinformationusingnaturallanguage.Asthesystem20getsmoreaccesstotheweb,learnswhatuserswant,andbecomesmore“intelligent,”itwillcontinuetoshifttravelinunexpectedandgroundbreakingways.Thefutureoftravelishere.【答案】11．E12．D13．F14．G15．B16．A17．C18．J19．K20．H【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。隨著像ChatGPT這樣易于使用的新人工智能系統(tǒng)的引入，旅行規(guī)劃方式將發(fā)生改變，人工智能簡化了規(guī)劃過程，并提供了使用人工智能輔助旅行的相關(guān)技巧，從而確保旅行體驗(yàn)更加安全、信息更豐富且更令人滿意。11．考查形容詞。句意：用戶不再需要進(jìn)行艱苦的研究，只需與人工智能進(jìn)行一次快速對話，就能得到類似的結(jié)果?？崭裉帪槎ㄕZ修飾后面名詞research，根據(jù)下文“usersgetsimilarresultswithaquickconversationwithAI.”可知，laborious“艱苦的；費(fèi)力的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)。12．考查名詞。句意：人工智能在一些旅行功能方面非常出色，比如產(chǎn)生想法、突出小型企業(yè)以及翻譯語言，但要想用好它有一些技巧，尤其是在旅行方面。空格處為介詞for的賓語，前面有some修飾，根據(jù)“l(fā)ikegeneratingideas,highlightingsmallbusinesses,andtranslatinglanguages”可知，functions“功能”為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。13．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：一旦你選定了目的地，就縮小你的搜索范圍?？崭裉帪槠硎咕涞闹^語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)“Onceyouhavechosenyourdestinations”可知，narrow“縮小”為動(dòng)詞，符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。14．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這是因?yàn)榕cTripAdvisor等平臺(tái)不同，該系統(tǒng)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)的各個(gè)角落匯集知識(shí)，解釋結(jié)果以最適合你的查詢，然后以對話的方式提供信息?？崭裉帪橹^語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)“fromallcornersoftheweb”可知，pools“匯集”為動(dòng)詞，符合句意。為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選G項(xiàng)。15．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：要打造一個(gè)好的提示，用母語提問至關(guān)重要。空格處為不定式todo作目的狀語，根據(jù)“agoodprompt”可知，craft“打造”為動(dòng)詞，符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。16．考查副詞。句意：你的標(biāo)點(diǎn)、拼寫和語法越精確，人工智能就越能準(zhǔn)確地理解你?？崭裉帪楦痹~修飾前面動(dòng)詞understand，根據(jù)“Themoreprecise”可知，accurately“準(zhǔn)確地”為副詞，符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。17．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：最后，總是復(fù)核人工智能對其他來源的回答，將其建議與可信平臺(tái)進(jìn)行交叉引用，為您的規(guī)劃增添了額外的信心?？崭裉帪槠硎咕涞闹^語動(dòng)詞，double-check“復(fù)核”為動(dòng)詞，符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。18．考查名詞。句意：通過掌握這些技巧，你可以利用這個(gè)強(qiáng)大的生成引擎，確保更安全、更知情、更令人滿意的旅行體驗(yàn)?？崭裉帪閯?dòng)詞mastering的賓語，前面有these修飾，根據(jù)下文“better-informedandmoresatisfyingtravelexperience.”可知，tips“技巧”為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，符合句意。故選J項(xiàng)。19．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：每天，隨著越來越多的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)和公司找到利用自然語言釋放其潛力的最佳方式，人工智能正在迅速發(fā)展?？崭裉帪椴欢ㄊ絫odo作后置定語修飾前面名詞ways，根據(jù)下文“itspotentialtodeliverinformationusingnaturallanguage”可知，“unlock“釋放”為動(dòng)詞，符合句意。故選K項(xiàng)。20．考查副詞。句意：隨著該系統(tǒng)逐漸獲得更多訪問網(wǎng)絡(luò)的機(jī)會(huì)，了解用戶想要什么，并變得更加“智能”，它將繼續(xù)以意想不到和開創(chuàng)性的方式改變旅行?？崭裉帪楦痹~修飾后面動(dòng)詞gets，根據(jù)“getsmoreaccesstotheweb”可知，progressively“逐漸地”為副詞，符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)。II.ReadingComprehension(共45分。21-35每題1分；36-50每題2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextItisspringtime,andthecityfeelsespeciallyglorious.Ifweweretoreflectonwhathasbroughtusjoyinourdailylife,birdswouldprobablybeenjoyingatop21onthehappylistformany.Especiallythosewesawoutsideofourwindowsor,inNewYorkCity,onthestreet.Threespeciesinparticular22thesidewalks,topsofbuildings,fireescapes,windowledge(窗沿),andairconditioners:housesparrows,pigeonsandstarlings(椋鳥).Allofthesespeciesareinvasive.Whenthesespecieswerefirstintroduced,thescientificfieldsofecologyandconservationwerealmost23,andnowweknowthatforpest(害蟲)control,thiswasaterribleidea.IhavebeenstudyingstarlingsinNewYorkCitysince2016.IdosoformallyinmuseumsandlabsbutinbetweenmyresearchIwatchthem24onthestreet.Iwasinitiallyfascinatedbytheiradaptabilitytothe25landscape,especiallytheir26flexibility.TheywilleatapileofyellowriceonColumbusAvenue,asoftpretzelonCentralParkWest,andaflattenedapplepieintheparkinglotofaCostcoinQueens.Thesoundstheymakeareso27thatyoumightnotrecognizethattheyarecomingfromthesamespecies.Ifyoulistenclosely,youcanheartheirup-and-downwhistling,whirring,andevenanearlyvideogamelaser-likesound.Youmaynotconsiderit28enoughtobecalledasong,butitisasongnonetheless.Whenyoustareatthem,asIhavemanytimes,theynevereverappeartolookatyou,buttheyobviouslyseeyoubecausethey29incrediblyrapidlytoabsolutelyanymovementordisturbance.Theyareoff30,alwaysfasterthanIcandrawmyphoneoutinordertograbagoodpicture.Sometimes,IwishthatIdidnotknowaboutwhatelsetheydoacrossthecountry,andcouldjustenjoywatchingtheminquiet31.AndIwonderifyoucanknowabouttheirpathsof32andstillappreciateaspectsoftheirbehavior.Attimesthiswinter,nothinginthe33environmentevencameclosetoremindmeoflifeorthenaturalworld.Andthenwayupinthatbitofsky,besidethewatertower,Ispottedfiveofthem.I’dknowtheirtriangularwings,andtheirsuspicious(有疑心的)and34behavior,anywhere.Astheyflewupand35,theyinspiredmyhopeforbluerskiesandfuturespringtime.21．A．peak B．spot C．a(chǎn)ttraction D．idea22．A．impact B．imitate C．dominate D．threaten23．A．nonstop B．nonexistent C．nonviolent D．nonprofit24．A．legally B．a(chǎn)cademically C．generously D．informally25．A．urban B．natural C．regional D．scenic26．A．dietary B．flying C．communicative D．behavior27．A．strange B．similar C．varied D．powerful28．A．popular B．loud C．clear D．beautiful29．A．stick B．object C．respond D．a(chǎn)pply30．A．inaflash B．inaword C．inasense D．inahurry31．A．mood B．ignorance C．laboratories D．neighborhoods32．A．creation B．exploration C．destruction D．depression33．A．conserved B．hidden C．built D．connected34．A．quick B．elegant C．commonplace D．dramatic35．A．outofreach B．outofcuriosity C．outofmind D．outofsight【答案】21．B22．C23．B24．D25．A26．A27．C28．D29．C30．A31．B32．C33．C34．A35．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對城市中常見鳥類的觀察與感受，以及它們帶來的希望與生機(jī)。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們反思日常生活中給我們帶來快樂的事物，對許多人來說，鳥類可能會(huì)在快樂清單上占據(jù)首位。A.peak山峰；B.spot地點(diǎn)；C.attraction吸引力；D.idea想法。根據(jù)下文“onthehappylist”可知，此處表示在快樂清單上占據(jù)首位，atopspot表示“首位”。故選B。22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：三種鳥類尤其占據(jù)人行道、建筑物頂部、防火梯、窗沿和空調(diào)：麻雀、鴿子和椋鳥。A.impact影響；B.imitate模仿；C.dominate占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位；D.threaten威脅。根據(jù)下文“thesidewalks,topsofbuildings,fireescapes,windowledge(窗沿),andairconditioners”可知，此處表示這三種鳥類占據(jù)這些地方。故選C。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)這些物種首次被引入時(shí)，生態(tài)學(xué)和保護(hù)科學(xué)的領(lǐng)域幾乎不存在，現(xiàn)在我們知道，為了控制害蟲，這是一個(gè)糟糕的想法。A.nonstop不停的；B.nonexistent不存在的；C.nonviolent非暴力的；D.nonprofit非營利的。根據(jù)下文“andnowweknowthatforpest(害蟲)control,thiswasaterribleidea.”可知，此處表示當(dāng)時(shí)這些領(lǐng)域幾乎不存在。故選B。24．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我在博物館和實(shí)驗(yàn)室里正式研究它們，但在研究之間，我在街上非正式地觀察它們。A.legally合法地；B.academically學(xué)術(shù)上；C.generously慷慨地；D.informally非正式地。根據(jù)上文“IdosoformallyinmuseumsandlabsbutinbetweenmyresearchIwatchthem”和下文“onthestreet”可知，此處與上文形成對比，指在街頭“非正式地”觀察它們。故選D。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最初，我對它們對城市景觀的適應(yīng)性感到著迷，尤其是它們的飲食靈活性。A.urban城市的；B.natural自然的；C.regional地區(qū)的；D.scenic風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的。根據(jù)下文“TheywilleatapileofyellowriceonColumbusAvenue,asoftpretzelonCentralParkWest,andaflattenedapplepieintheparkinglotofaCostcoinQueens.”可知，此處表示這些鳥對城市景觀的適應(yīng)。故選A。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.dietary飲食的；B.flying飛行的；C.communicative交際的；D.behavior行為的。根據(jù)下文“TheywilleatapileofyellowriceonColumbusAvenue,asoftpretzelonCentralParkWest,andaflattenedapplepieintheparkinglotofaCostcoinQueens.”可知，此處表示它們的飲食靈活性。故選A。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們發(fā)出的聲音如此多種多樣，以至于你可能認(rèn)不出它們來自同一物種。A.strange奇怪的；B.similar相似的；C.varied多樣的；D.powerful有力的。根據(jù)下文“youcanheartheirup-and-downwhistling,whirring,andevenanearlyvideogamelaser-likesound”可知，此處表示它們發(fā)出的聲音多種多樣。故選C。28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你可能認(rèn)為它不夠優(yōu)美稱不上一首歌，但它仍然算是一首歌。A.popular受歡迎的；B.loud大聲的；C.clear清楚的；D.beautiful優(yōu)美的。根據(jù)下文“enoughtobecalledasong,butitisasongnonetheless”可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處指叫聲可能不夠“優(yōu)美”，但仍屬于歌聲。故選D。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你盯著它們看時(shí)，就像我多次做的那樣，它們似乎從來不會(huì)看你，但它們顯然看到了你，因?yàn)樗鼈儗θ魏芜\(yùn)動(dòng)或干擾的反應(yīng)都非常迅速。A.stick堅(jiān)持；B.object反對；C.respond反應(yīng)；D.apply申請。根據(jù)下文“toabsolutelyanymovementordisturbance”可知，此處表示它們對任何運(yùn)動(dòng)或干擾的反應(yīng)都非常迅速。故選C。30．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：它們立刻飛走了，總是比我拿出手機(jī)拍一張好照片的速度還要快。A.inaflash立刻；B.inaword總之；C.inasense在某種意義上；D.inahurry匆忙地。根據(jù)下文“alwaysfasterthanIcandrawmyphoneoutinordertograbagoodpicture.”可知，此處表示它們飛走的速度很快，立刻飛走了。故選A。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)，我希望自己不知道它們在全國范圍內(nèi)還做了什么，只想在無知中安靜地欣賞它們。A.mood情緒；B.ignorance無知；C.laboratories實(shí)驗(yàn)室；D.neighborhoods街區(qū)。根據(jù)上文“IwishthatIdidnotknowaboutwhatelsetheydoacrossthecountry”可知，作者希望“不知道”椋鳥的負(fù)面影響，即處于“無知”狀態(tài)。故選B。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想知道你是否了解它們的破壞路徑，但仍然欣賞它們行為的一些方面。A.creation創(chuàng)造；B.exploration探索；C.destruction破壞；D.depression沮喪。根據(jù)上文“Allofthesespeciesareinvasive”可知，椋鳥作為入侵物種會(huì)造成“破壞”。故選C。33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今年冬天的某些時(shí)候，在建筑環(huán)境中，沒有任何東西能讓我聯(lián)想到生命或自然世界。A.conserved保護(hù)；B.hidden隱藏；C.built建筑，建成的；D.connected連接。根據(jù)下文“environmentevencameclosetoremindmeoflifeorthenaturalworld”可知，與naturalworld對比，此處指城市中“建筑”的環(huán)境（如建筑、街道等）。故選C。34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無論在哪里，我都會(huì)認(rèn)出它們?nèi)切蔚某岚颍约八鼈兌嘁珊兔艚莸男袨椤.quick快的；B.elegant優(yōu)雅的；C.commonplace普通的；D.dramatic戲劇性的。根據(jù)上文“Theyareoff10,alwaysfasterthanIcandrawmyphoneoutinordertograbagoodpicture”可知，椋鳥的行為反應(yīng)“敏捷”。故選A。35．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)它們飛起來又消失時(shí)，它們激發(fā)了我對更藍(lán)的天空和未來春天的希望。A.outofreach夠不著；B.outofcuriosity出于好奇；C.outofmind心不在焉；D.outofsight看不見。根據(jù)上文“Astheyflewup”可知，椋鳥飛走后“消失在視線中”。故選D。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)CharlesRobertDarwinwasbornon12February1809inShropshire,England.Darwin’schildhoodpassionwasscience,andhisinterestinchemistry,however,wasclear;hewasevennicknamed‘Gas’byhisclassmates.In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.DarwinbecamepassionateaboutnaturalhistoryandthisbecamehisfocuswhilehestudiedatCambridge.DarwinwentonavoyagetogetherwithRobertFitzroy,thecaptainofHMSBeagle,toSouthAmericatofacilitateBritishtradeinPatagonia.Thejourneywaslife-changing.Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.Darwin’sworkconvincedhimthatnaturalselectionwaskeytounderstandingthedevelopmentofthenaturalworld.Thetheoryofnaturalselectionsaysthatindividualsofaspeciesaremorelikelytosurvivewhentheyinherit(經(jīng)遺傳獲得)characteristicsbestsuitedforthatspecificenvironment.Thesefeaturesthenbecomemorewidespreadandcanleadeventuallytothedevelopmentofanewspecies.Withnaturalselection,Darwinarguedhowawidevarietyoflifeformsdevelopedovertimefromasinglecommonancestor.Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,in1839.WhenDarwin’seldestdaughter,Annie,diedfromasuddenillnessin1851,helosthisbeliefinGod.Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,alteringhowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.Darwinhadpreviouslythoughtthatspeciesremainedadapteduntiltheenvironmentchanged;henowbelievedthateverynewvariationwasimperfectandthatastruggletosurvivewaswhatdrovespeciestoadapt.Thoughrejectedatthebeginning,Darwin’stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionisnowadayswellacceptedbythescientificcommunityasthebestevidence-basedexplanationforthediversityandcomplexityoflifeonEarth.TheNaturalHistoryMuseum’slibraryalonehas478editionsofhisOntheOriginofSpeciesin38languages.36．WhatmadeDarwinreconsidertheoriginanddevelopmentofspecies?A．Examiningplantsandanimalscollected.B．Hisdesireforavoyagetodifferentcontinents.C．ClassifyingsamplesinajourneytoSouthAmerica.D．HispassionfornaturalhistoryatEdinburghUniversity.37．Wecanlearnfromparagraphs1to3thatDarwin________.A．usednaturalselectiontodevelopnewspeciesB．enjoyedbeingcallednicknamesrelatedtoscienceC．learnedsomeknowledgeaboutplantswhenstudyingmedicineD．a(chǎn)rguedwithothersoverthediversityoflifeformsforalongperiod38．WhichofthefollowingchangedDarwin’sviewonthehumanspecies?A．Thathehadtenchildreninall. B．Hisyoungestson’sbeingdisabled.C．Thathelosthiseldestdaughter. D．HismarriagewithEmmaWedgwood.39．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．Darwin’spassionformedicalscience B．Darwin’stheoryandexperimentsC．CharlesDarwin’schanginginterest D．CharlesDarwin’slifeandwork【答案】36．A37．C38．B39．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇人物傳記，講述了查爾斯·羅伯特·達(dá)爾文的生平、科學(xué)興趣、重要理論以及他的個(gè)人生活。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段最后一句“Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.”（達(dá)爾文對所收集的植物和動(dòng)物的分析使他開始質(zhì)疑過去關(guān)于物種如何形成和隨時(shí)間演化的解釋。）可知，達(dá)爾文對所收集的植物和動(dòng)物的分析使他對物種的起源和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑和重新審議。故選A項(xiàng)。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句“In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.”（1825年，他的父親送他去愛丁堡大學(xué)學(xué)醫(yī)，在那里他學(xué)會(huì)了如何對植物進(jìn)行分類。）可推斷，達(dá)爾文在學(xué)醫(yī)時(shí)候了解到了關(guān)于植物的知識(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段第二句和三句“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,alteringhowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.”（他的第十個(gè)也是最后一個(gè)孩子查爾斯·沃林·達(dá)爾文于1856年出生。對達(dá)爾文來說，這個(gè)嬰兒是殘疾的，這改變了達(dá)爾文對人類物種的看法。）可知，達(dá)爾文最小的孩子的先天殘疾使達(dá)爾文改變了人類物種的看法。故選B項(xiàng)。39．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章前三段主要講述了查爾斯·羅伯特·達(dá)爾文的生平、學(xué)業(yè)經(jīng)歷、科學(xué)興趣對其理論形成和發(fā)展的影響。第四段講述了他的家庭和個(gè)人生活、最后一段講述了達(dá)爾文理論的地位和影響。因此，文章主要講述了達(dá)爾文的生活和工作。故選D項(xiàng)。(B)TheMetHighSchoolInternshipProgramTheMetHighSchoolInternshipProgramofferspaidopportunitiesforstudentswhoaretwotothreeyearsfromgraduatinghighschoolinNewYorkCity.Thisprogramallowsstudentstoconnectwithart,museums,andcreativeprofessionalsastheydevelopprofessionalskills,network,andgainworkexperience.HowtoApplyTheapplicationrequires:AcompletedapplicationformShortessayresponsesOneletterofrecommendationfromateacher,schooladministrator,oranotheradultwhoisnotrelatedtoyouandcanwriteaboutwhyyouwouldbeagreatinternforTheMet.WhatDoesaSchool-YearHighSchoolInternDoatTheMet?Theinternshipconsistsof:Bootcamp:Eighthoursoftrainingsandworkshopstoprepareinternsfortheinternship.Departmentalplacements:Eachinternspends40hoursoftheinternshipobservingandbeingsupervisedandmentoredbyastaffmemberinoneoftheMuseum’sdepartments.Theplacementischosenaccordingtotheintern’sinterestsandexperience.CareerLabs:Curators(策展人),educators,designers,conservators,andotherstaffdiscusstheirprofessionalpathsandrolesattheMuseumandleadworkshopsthathelpinternstryoutanelementoftheirwork.TeensTakeTheMet:MetHighSchoolinternscometogethertoworkTheMet'sbigspringteennight,whenteensdropinfornumerousactivitiesacrosstheMuseum,includingartmaking,performances,music,andmore.Internshelpwithwayfinding,assistingpartnersandteenswithcheck-in,eventcoverageviasocialmedia,andfacilitatingvariousart-makingactivities.Inaddition,theyhelpbypreparingandsortingart-makingmaterialsorcreatingteen-inspiredposters.WhoCanApply?Anystudentwho:isingrade10or11andeitherresidesinorattendsahighschoolorhomeschoolinNewYorkCity;hasnotcompletedanotherpaidorunpaidinternshipatTheMet;isavailabletoattendallsessionsoftheinternshipprogram.ConnectyourcareerinterestswithartandcareersattheMuseum.Youdon’tneedpriorexperienceorspecificknowledgeofartorarthistorytoapply—justadesireandcommitmenttobridgeyourpassionstothediversecareeropportunitiesandartatTheMet!40．Whoisthemostqualifiedtowritearecommendationletterfortheapplicant?A．AformerMetinternwhoparticipatedintheprogramlastyear.B．Theapplicant'scousinwhoworksasamuseumcurator.C．Asupervisorfromtheapplicant’spreviousinternshipprogram.D．Theapplicant'sclassmatewhojustwontheschoolArtDesignContest.41．Whichactivityintheinternshipprogramspecificallyrequiresinternstodemonstratecommunicationskills?A．BootcampB．DepartmentalplacementsC．CareerLabsD．TeensTakeTheMet!42．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasagoalofTheMetHighSchoolInternshipProgram?A．Buildingconnectionswithcreativeprofessionals.B．Enhancingstudents’academicperformanceinschool.C．Providinghands-onworkexperienceinmuseumsettings.D．Facilitatingcareernetworkingopportunities.【答案】40．C41．D42．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了大都會(huì)高中實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目詳情。40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowtoApply部分中“Oneletterofrecommendationfromateacher,schooladministrator,oranotheradultwhoisnotrelatedtoyouandcanwriteaboutwhyyouwouldbeagreatinternforTheMet.(由一位與你無關(guān)的老師、學(xué)校管理人員或其他成年人撰寫的一封推薦信，信中需說明你為什么是該博物館實(shí)習(xí)生的合適人選)”可知，最符合寫推薦信要求的是來自申請人之前實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人，因?yàn)槠渑c申請人無關(guān)且能證明申請人的工作能力。故選C。41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatDoesaSchool-YearHighSchoolInternDoatTheMet?部分中“TeensTakeTheMet:MetHighSchoolinternscometogethertoworkTheMet'sbigspringteennight,whenteensdropinfornumerousactivitiesacrosstheMuseum,includingartmaking,performances,music,andmore.Internshelpwithwayfinding,assistingpartnersandteenswithcheck-in,eventcoverageviasocialmedia,andfacilitatingvariousart-makingactivities.(青少年參與大都會(huì)博物館之夜：大都會(huì)高中實(shí)習(xí)生會(huì)一起參與大都會(huì)博物館的大型春季青少年之夜活動(dòng)，屆時(shí)青少年會(huì)在博物館內(nèi)參加各種活動(dòng)，包括藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作、表演、音樂等。實(shí)習(xí)生負(fù)責(zé)指引方向、協(xié)助同伴和青少年登記、通過社交媒體報(bào)道活動(dòng)，以及協(xié)助開展各種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作活動(dòng))”可知，在“TeensTakeTheMet!”活動(dòng)中，實(shí)習(xí)生需要指引方向、協(xié)助登記、通過社交媒體報(bào)道活動(dòng)等，這些活動(dòng)都需要實(shí)習(xí)生具備良好的溝通能力。故選D。42．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisprogramallowsstudentstoconnectwithart,museums,andcreativeprofessionalsastheydevelopprofessionalskills,network,andgainworkexperience.(該項(xiàng)目允許學(xué)生在培養(yǎng)專業(yè)技能、建立人脈和積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同時(shí)，與藝術(shù)、博物館和創(chuàng)意專業(yè)人士建立聯(lián)系)”可知，該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)包括與創(chuàng)意專業(yè)人士建立聯(lián)系、在博物館環(huán)境中提供實(shí)踐工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及促進(jìn)職業(yè)社交機(jī)會(huì)，但并未提及“提高學(xué)生在學(xué)校的學(xué)業(yè)成績”。故選B。(C)SavedorStolen?TheBritishMuseumhasawell-earnedreputationasan“encyclopaedic”museum,withaglobalstorytoldthrougheightmillionobjects.Inside,awide-rangingcollectionincludeseverythingfromprehistoricpotterytoprecioushandmadejewelleryfromIndiaandMingDynastyvasesfromChina.Themuseumhelpsusunderstandhoweventsthathappenedatdifferenttimesandindifferentplaceswereconnected,andhowtheyinfluencedeachother.Indeed,thiswasthevisionofitsfounder,SirHansSloane,whotriedsettingupcross-culturalcomparisonsinhisoriginalcollectionin1753.AsyouwalkaroundtheBritishMuseumtoday,it’sclearthatSloane’sbroad-mindedvisionisverymuchaliveandwell.What’slessclearishowthemuseumacquiredmanyoftheobjectsondisplayandwhethertheyshouldremainthere.Thecollectionhasanobviouspoliticaldimension:whilesomeobjectshaveawell-documentedhistory,otherswereaddedduringBritain’scolonialperiod,soit’spossibletheywerestolenfromfamousarchaeologicalsitesoracquiredinthewar.Imaginehavinganimportantnationalmonumentfromyourcountrykeptpermanentlyinanothercountry.Howwouldyoufeel?Wouldyoutrytogetthecountrytoreturnit?It’snotsurprisingthatmanycountrieshavegoneontoaskfortheirtreasuresback.However;wheretheyshouldbekeptisaquestionthatisstillheatedlydebated.TheRosettaStoneisawell-knownexhibitthatillustratesthisproblem.Carvedin196BCE,thestonewasthekeytounlockingthelanguageoftheancientEgyptians.Itwasfirstdiscoveredin1799nearthetownofel-Rashid(Rosetta)bysoldiersinNapoleon’sarmy,butonNapoleon’sdefeatin1801,itbecamethepropertyoftheBritish.Manyofthemuseum’streasureswereacquiredinasimilarway,butunsurprisingly,theBritishMuseumisreluctanttolettheRosettaStonego.ItarguesthatmorepeopleseetheStoneinLondonthantheywouldinCairo,thelocationismoresecureandtheexhibitisacriticalpartofitsglobalcollection.TheEgyptiangovernmenthasotherideasandistryingtopersuadethemuseumtoreturnit.Theyclaimthatit’simportantfortheirnation’shistoryandidentity,andthatmanyEgyptianscan’taffordtogotoLondontoseeit.ButtheBritishMuseumwon’tlettheRosettaStonego,evenasaloan,astheyfearitwon’tbereturned.TheBritishMuseumisaplacededicatedtointernationalunderstanding,andtheadvantagesofanencyclopaedicmuseumarecleartosee:“Weneedtoexplorecommonground,howpeopleperceivetheirrelationshiptoeachother...and(to)seehumanhistoryasanongoingjointproject,”explainsMacGregor,formerdirectoroftheBritishMuseum.Butthisattempttobringdifferentculturestogetherhasbeenself-defeating,ultimatelyhavingtheoppositeeffect:takingtreasuresfromothercountrieshasresultedinnever-endinginternationalargumentsandfrostyrelationswithforeigngovernments.Soasyouadmirethebreathtakingobjectsondisplayatthemuseum,thinkabouttheirheritage.Remembertoaskyourself:Doestheendjustifythemeans?Istakinganobjectforamuseumdifferentfromtheft?Andshouldn’timportantobjectsbeexhibitedwheretheywereoriginallymade?43．Whichofthefollowingwordsissimilarinmeaningto“encyclopaedic”(paragraph1)?A．beingfamousforitsmodernexhibitions.B．focusingonlyonancientartifacts.C．containingawiderangeofknowledgeorinformation.D．ownedbyaprivatecollectorforpersonaluse.44．WhydoestheBritishMuseumrefusetoreturntheRosettaStonetoEgypt?A．BecauseEgyptlacksthefinancialresourcestoprotectit.B．BecausemorevisitorscanseeitinLondonanditslocationissafer.C．Becausethestonewaslegallypurchasedduringcolonialti