高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)試題類型及其解題技巧及解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Whenachildistoldheis"uncool",itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn'tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose(故意地).Butthesearesimplewaystodealwithsadnessbypretendingit'snotthere.

Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhastobecareful.Ifyousay,"Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?Itdoesn'tmatter!"Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,"I'mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool."

Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild'spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.

Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.Encouragehimtoinvitefriendstomealsandthenservethedishestheyconsider"super".Whenyouplantrips,picnics,movies,andothershows,inviteanotherchildwithwhomyourchildwantstobefriends.

Whatyoucandoisgivehimachancetojoinagroupthatmaybeshuttinghimout.Then,ifhehasgoodqualities,hecanstarttobuildrealfriendshipofhisown.（1）Achildwhohasbeeninformedofbeing"uncool"may

.A.carenothingaboutitB.dosomethinguncoolonpurposeC.developasenseofangerD.pretendtogethurtverymuch（2）Ateachercanhelpanunpopularchildby

.A.seeingthechildastheteacher'sfavouriteB.askingthechildtodosomethingforpartnersC.forcingotherchildrentomakefriendswiththechildD.offeringthechildchancestoshowhisgoodqualities（3）Howcanparentshelptheirchildfitinbetter?A.Bytakinghimtohavepicnicsinthepark.B.Bybeingkindtohisschoolmates.C.Byforcinghimtoinvitefriendshome.D.Bycookingdeliciousfoodforhim.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了在學(xué)校里的老師及在家里的父母都可以做很多事情來(lái)讓不受歡迎的孩子受到歡迎。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hemaysayhedoesn'tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose(故意地).”可知一個(gè)被說(shuō)成“不酷”的孩子,可能會(huì)故意做一些“不酷”的事情,故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.”可知老師可以給孩子提供表現(xiàn)他長(zhǎng)處的機(jī)會(huì),來(lái)幫助一個(gè)不受歡迎的孩子,故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.”可知父母可以通過(guò)對(duì)孩子的同學(xué)和藹,讓孩子更好地與他人相處,故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.Torelieve(緩解)stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.Thenyoucaneasilybeatstress.

Talkitout

Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.Yourworrieswillbedivided!Ifyouareyourownboss,youneedsomegoodadvisersaroundyou,whoknowyourtroubleandtalksense.Ifthereisnosuchpersonsatyourworkplace,lettherebeoneathome,whoisafriend,afamilymemberoraguidethatyoucantalkto.

Letmusiccalmyourmind

Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.

Takeawalk

Ifthereisaparkaround,goandhaveawalkthere.Youcaneatsomesnackssittingonthegrass.Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.Awalkworksasitalsoclearsyourthoughts.Youcanlistentomusicwhilegoingonawalk.

Havealifebeyondtheworkplace

Ifyoukeepthinkingaboutnothingotherthanworkallthetime,thereisboundtobestress.So,throwawayyourthoughtsaboutworkafteryouleaveyourofficeandgetalifebeyondit.Havealifebeyondtheworkplace,andyoucanrelaxafterwork.（1）Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthattorelievestress,weshould_________.A.

knowwhatcausesstressfirst

B.

swimalotwhenwearefreeC.

findagoodadvisertotalkto

D.

paymoreattentiontowork（2）Torelieveworkstress,you'dbettertalktothosewho________.A.arefreeofjobstressB.haveenoughtimetotalktoyouC.havethesamesufferingsD.canchangeyourjob（3）listeningtosomemusiccan__________.A.helpyouimproveyourtasteofmusicB.improveyourrelationshipwithothersC.makeyoufeelmoretiredofyourjobD.letyourelaxandforgetworkstress（4）Whentakingawalktorelieveworkstress,youshould_________.A.considerproblemsatworkatthesametimeB.letyourmindatpeaceanddosomeexerciseC.makenewfriendswithstrangersasyouwalkD.walktoaquietplaceasfarawayaspossible（5）Theauthorofthispassagemaybe________.A.aresearcherwhostudiesmusicB.tiredofworkingunderpressureC.apersonwhoistryingtofindajobD.expertindealingwithworkstress【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一些可以緩解工作壓力的方法。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Torelieve(緩解）stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.“可知，想要緩解思想上的壓力，我們首先要明白壓力的特征和它產(chǎn)生的原因。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.“可知，與別人交談可以緩解工作壓力，尤其是和自己有相同遭遇或者相同壓力的人。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.“可知音樂(lè)可以讓人遠(yuǎn)離擔(dān)憂，聽(tīng)喜歡的音樂(lè)也是一種緩解壓力的方式，即音樂(lè)可以令人放松并且緩解壓力。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的”

Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.“可知，我們?cè)谏⒉綍r(shí)要暫時(shí)忘記工作，關(guān)注周圍的世界，讓身體動(dòng)起來(lái)。故選B。（5）考查推理判斷。結(jié)合文章所給的幾個(gè)緩解工作壓力的方法和第一段的”Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.“可推測(cè)本文的作者可能是處理工作壓力方面的專家。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解Deareditor(編輯),

Can'tyournewspaperdosomethingaboutthecustom(習(xí)慣)ofhitchhiking?

Ashorttimeago,onacartravelIcountedatleast50peoplestandingbesidetheroad,askingforrides.Manyofthemwereyoungwomen.

Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?Howmuchdotheyknowaboutthedriver?Isheagooddriverornot?Theyknownothing!

Manyoftheseyounghitchhikersmaycomefromgoodfamilies.Don'ttheirparentsteachthemanythingabouttheworld?Ialwaystaughtmychildrennottotalktostrangers.Ineverletthemtakeridesfrompeopletheydidn'tknow.

Isn'tthereenoughcrime(犯罪)todaywithoutaskingfortroublebyhitchhiking?Ontheotherhand,hitchhikingmaybringsometraffictrouble.Don'tyouthinkwhatIsaidistrue?

AWorriedGrandfather（1）Theword"hitchhiking"means

.A.

waitingforabusatthebusstopB.

drivingtosomewhereinadangerouswayC.

goingsomewherebygettingfreeridesinothers'carD.

askingastrangerthewaywhoisinacar（2）TheWorriedGrandfather

.A.

doesn'tlikeyoungwomentodrivecarsB.

thinksitisdangerousforayoungwomantogetintoastranger'scarC.

likesdriverstobecarefulandstrictintheirworkD.

neverletshischildrengetintootherpeople'scar（3）TheWorriedGrandfather

.A.

washitbyacarwhenhewasstandingbytheroadB.

isagooddriverandoftengivesfreeridestostrangersC.

isintroublenowandhewantstogetsomehelpfromthenewspaperD.

hasseenmuchoftheworldandheisverycareful（4）TheWorriedGrandfatherwrotethelettertotell

.A.

thenewspapertoletitsreadersknowthedangerofhitchhikingB.

youngwomennevertogoonalongtravelaloneC.

youngpeopletolistentotheirparentsathomeD.

hischildrennottotalktostrangersontheroad（5）Whatdoyouthinkagoodeditorisgoingtodoafterhegetstheletter?A.

Hewilleitherreturnthelettertotheoldmanorgiveittothepolicestation.B.

HewillwritebacktotheWorriedGrandfatherandtellhimnottohitchhikeC.

Hewillwritesomethingaboutthedangerofhitchhikinginthenewspaper.D.

Hewillholdameetingtotellthedriverstomakelessthetraffictrouble.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者認(rèn)為搭便車，尤其是女性搭便車存在安全隱患。他向報(bào)社求助，希望他們可以讓公眾意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“onacartravelIcountedatleast50peoplestandingbesidetheroad,askingforrides.”在車上我看到至少有50個(gè)人站在路邊請(qǐng)求搭車；以及第三段中的“Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?”難道他們不知道上陌生人的車有多危險(xiǎn)嗎？可推測(cè)hitchhiking的意思是“免費(fèi)乘坐陌生人的車去某地”。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“”Manyofthemwereyoungwomen.”；以及第三段中的“Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?”可知，作者認(rèn)為女性搭便車非常危險(xiǎn)。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ialwaystaughtmychildrennottotalktostrangers.Ineverletthemtakeridesfrompeopletheydidn'tknow.”和第五段中的“Isn'tthereenoughcrime(犯罪)todaywithoutaskingfortroublebyhitchhiking?Ontheotherhand,hitchhikingmaybringsometraffictrouble.”可知作者一直教育他的孩子不要和陌生人講話更不能坐陌生人的車，他認(rèn)為即使沒(méi)有搭便車所造成的麻煩，當(dāng)今的犯罪已經(jīng)夠多了，而且搭便車還會(huì)給交通帶來(lái)麻煩。故推測(cè)作者是一個(gè)很細(xì)心而且見(jiàn)過(guò)很多事的人。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?Howmuchdotheyknowaboutthedriver?Isheagooddriverornot?Theyknownothing!”可知作者認(rèn)為很多人不知道搭便車很危險(xiǎn)，故推測(cè)他寫信的目的是讓報(bào)紙?zhí)嵝讶藗兇畋丬囄ｋU(xiǎn)。故選A。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Can'tyournewspaperdosomethingaboutthecustom(習(xí)慣)ofhitchhiking?”作者反問(wèn)報(bào)紙“難道你們的報(bào)紙不能為搭便車的習(xí)慣做些事嗎？”可推測(cè)，如果是一個(gè)好的編輯，在看到信后會(huì)寫一篇關(guān)于搭便車會(huì)有安全隱患的文章刊登到報(bào)紙上。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

4．閱讀理解

Mychallengeforyouisthis:toreadabookfor15minuteseverysingledayforamonth.

Letmeexplainabit

bytellingyouwherethechallengecamefrom.Ihavemanythingsincommonwithmydad,likemusictasteandsenseofhumor,butsadlyreadingisn'toneofthem.Icanhappilyspendawholedaywithabook,butmydadcan'treadabookforlongerthanabout5minutes.Hereadsemails,websitesandpapersforwork,butnotbooks.He'sbusy,soIthinksittingdowntoreadforjust15minutesadayisagoodwaytorelaxandtointroducehimtoreading.

Mydadisnottheonlypersonwhoavoidsbooks.IknowlotsofpeoplewouldratherrelaxontheircomputersorinfrontoftheTV.Everyoneisdifferentandhastheirowninterests,butIthinktherearelotsofbenefitstoreading,whichscreen﹣basedactivitiesdon'thave.

Firstly,it'sbetterforyoureyes.Lookingatscreenscanbeverystressfulforyoureyemuscles,andclearlyyoushouldavoidlookingatscreensforanhourbeforebed,togetagoodnight'ssleep.

OnethingIpersonallylovereading,isbeingtransportedtoanotherworld﹣Ioftenforgetthetimeorthingsaroundme!Readingisagreatwaytoswitchoffbeforeyougotobed,becauseyouthinkmoreabouttheworldofthebook,ratherthantherealworld,soyoucantrulyrelax.IknowyoucanbetransportedtoadifferentworldinafilmoraTVshow,butIthinkbooksdoitbetter.

Ialsoenjoyhearingwhatpeoplearedoingandfindingoutwhattheythink.Readinggivesmethechancetogettoknowhundredsofnewpeople!Italsoteachesyoutoseethingsfromotherpeople'spointofview,andunderstandotherpeople'sdecisionsoropinions.Withabook,youcanheareverythingacharacteristhinkingorfeeling﹣youreallycanbeinsidesomeoneelse'shead!

Sogiveitago!Take15minuteswhenyouarewakingup,goingtobed,eatinglunch,orhavingacoffee.Ifyoureadalot,whynottry15minutesofanEnglishbook,orpassthechallengeontosomeoneelse?Goodluck,andhappyreading!（1）Theauthormentionshisfatherinthetexttoshow

.A.

hisfatherisbusy

B.

readingisimportantC.

hisfatherlikesreading

D.

manypeoplehavenohabitofreading（2）Theauthorwritesthetextmainlybasingon

.A.

hispersonalexperience

B.

somescientificexperimentsC.

hisfather'spersonaladvice

D.

knowledgefrombooks（3）Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph5refersto

.A.

helpingreaderssleepwell

B.

makingreadersfeelrelaxedC.

transportingreaderstoadifferentworld

D.

remindingreadersoftherealworld（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoreading?A.Negative.B.Uncertain.C.Supportive.D.Doubtful.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述了我給你的挑戰(zhàn)：一個(gè)月每天讀15分鐘的書。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mydadisbynomeanstheonlypersonwhoavoidsbooks.

IknowlotsofpeoplewouldratherrelaxontheircomputersorinfrontoftheTV.”可知，我父親絕不是唯一一個(gè)不看書的人。我知道有很多人寧愿在電腦或電視機(jī)前放松，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“OnethingIpersonallylovereading,isbeingtransportedtoanotherworld﹣Iwouldoftenforgetthetimeorthingsaroundme!”可知，就我個(gè)人喜歡讀書這件事來(lái)說(shuō)，讀書可以轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)世界，我將忘記時(shí)間或周圍的事情，可知這篇文章的基礎(chǔ)是"作者的親身經(jīng)歷"。故選A。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)句意可知，我知道你可以在電影或電視節(jié)目中被帶到一個(gè)不同的世界，但我認(rèn)為書可以做得更好。所以此處是指讀者被帶到另一個(gè)世界。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者建議大家要每天讀書，可見(jiàn)作者是支持大家閱讀的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Thenexttimeyouattendasocialfunctionorgotoaplacewherepeoplemeetandinteract,takenoteofthenumberofpeoplewhohaveadoptedthesamegesturesandposture---thewayyousitorstand--ofthepersonwithwhomtheyaretalking.This"carboncopying"isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verbally(非語(yǔ)言的)sayingtotheother,"Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture."

Thisunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)地)mimicryisquiteinterestingtoobserve.Take,forexample,thetwomenstandingatthehotelbar.Theyhavemirroredeachother'sgesturesanditisreasonabletoassumethattheyarediscussingatopicuponwhichtheyhavethesamethoughtsandfeelings.Ifonemanuncrosseshisarmsandlegsorstandsontheotherfoot,theotherwillfollow.Ifoneputshishandinhispockettheotherwillcopyandthismimicrywillcontinueforaslongasthetwomenareinagreement.

Thiscopyingalsooccursamonggoodfriendsorpeopleofthesamesocialpositionanditiscommontoseemarriedcoupleswalk,stand,sitandmoveinverysimilarways.Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutual(相互的)positions.Thesignificanceofcarboncopyingcanbeoneofthemostimportantnon-verballessonswecanlearn,forthisisonewaythatotherstellusthattheyagreewithusorlikeus.Itisalsoawayforustotellothersthatwelikethem,bysimplycopyingtheirgestures.

Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.Similarly,anup-and-comingemployeemaybeseencopyinghisboss'sgesturesinanattempttoshowagreement.Usingtheknowledge,itispossibletoinfluenceaface-to-faceencounterbycopyingthepositivegesturesandposturesoftheotherperson.Thishastheeffectofputtingtheotherpersoninareceptiveandrelaxedframeofmindandhecan"see"thatyouunderstandhispointofview.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

CarbonCopying---ShowingAgreement

B.

DevelopingNon-verbalCommunicationC.

HowtoavoidCarbonCopying

D.

ProperSocialBehavior（2）Whatis"carboncopying"accordingtothepassage?A.

Toadoptidenticalgestureofothers.

B.

Torepeatwhatothershavesaid.C.

Toshowagreementwithothers.

D.

Tomockothers.（3）InwhichofthefollowinggroupsiscarboncopyingNOTfrequentlyseen?A.

Marriedcouples

B.

Peoplenotfamiliarwitheachother.C.

Goodfriends.

D.

Peopleofthesamesocialposition.（4）Whatshouldanemployerdotocreatedarelaxingatmosphereforanemployee?A.

Bepolite.

B.

Avoidcopyingtheemployee'sgesture.C.

Behelpful.

D.

Copythegestureoftheemployee.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了"carboncopying（復(fù)制）"現(xiàn)象，是指一個(gè)人通過(guò)模仿另一個(gè)人的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)，來(lái)告訴另一個(gè)人自己贊同他的想法和態(tài)度。同時(shí)列舉這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所，以及如何利用這些知識(shí)來(lái)讓對(duì)方處于一種接受和放松的心態(tài)，"看到"你理解他的觀點(diǎn)。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.”這種"復(fù)制"是指一個(gè)人告訴另一個(gè)人他同意他的想法和態(tài)度。以及文章主要圍繞"carboncopying"是通過(guò)模仿另一個(gè)人的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)來(lái)表達(dá)自己對(duì)他的贊同所展開(kāi)的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verballysayingtotheother,‘Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture.’"這種"復(fù)制"是指一個(gè)人告訴另一個(gè)人他同意他的想法和態(tài)度。通過(guò)這種方法，一個(gè)人不用語(yǔ)言就能對(duì)另一個(gè)人說(shuō):"你看，我和你想的一樣，所以我會(huì)模仿你的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)。"可知"carboncopying"是指采用和別人相同的手勢(shì)。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutualpositions.“然而，陌生人會(huì)盡量避免持有共同的立場(chǎng)。可知彼此不熟悉的人們不?？吹?復(fù)制"現(xiàn)象。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.“如果雇主希望與雇員建立直接的友好關(guān)系，營(yíng)造輕松的氛圍，他需要模仿雇員的姿勢(shì)來(lái)達(dá)到目的?？芍椭骺梢酝ㄟ^(guò)模仿雇員的動(dòng)作，為雇員創(chuàng)造一個(gè)輕松的氣氛。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Youprobablyknowthebasicsofhowcomparatives(比較級(jí))andsuperlatives(最高級(jí))workintheEnglishlanguage.Whencomparingsomething,youoftenaddan"-er"totheendofthecomparativeadjective.Thegeneralruleisthatone-syllable(音節(jié))wordsgetthesuffix(后綴),andpolysyllabicwordsget"more"or"most."Thatis,unlessthetwo-syllablewordendsina"y";ifthat'sthecase,youwilladdthesuffixesandchangethe"y"toan"i".

Butwhatabouttheword"fun"?Thissimpleadjectiveonlyhasonesyllable,soyou'dthinkyou'daddsuffixesonittocreatesuperlatives.Butifyouweretosay"IthinkMagicKingdomisafunnerparkthanEpcot."or"DisneyWorldwasthefunnestvacationever!"youmightgetsomestrangelooks.Itdoesn'tsoundquiteright.But…why?"Fun"isonesyllable,sowhydowechoose"morefun"asthecomparative—especiallyconsideringthatthesimilarword"funny,"whichhasmoresyllablesthan"fun,"usesthesuffixeswithnoproblem?

Well,theproblemcomesfromthefactthattheword"fun"wasnotoriginallyanadjective.Untiltheearly19thcentury,itwasmostlyjustanoun,anditgaineditsmeaningas"amusement"inthe18thcentury.Butasearlyasthe1800s,peoplebeganusingitasanadjective,thewaywe'ddescribe"afuntime"or"afunplace"today.

Basically,languageisstilldeveloping.Grammarianshavemostlycomearoundtotheuseof"fun"asanadjective(thoughsomedictionariesstillcallitinformal).Therewas(andremains)anagreementof"Fine,youcanuse‘fun'asanadjective…but,like,it'snotreallyone,soitcan'tfollowtherulesofrealadjectives."Sotheyalsoagreethattheanswerto"isfunneraword?"isyes.Ifyouwanttoconsider"fun,"asanadjective,then"funner"isindeedaword,asis"funnest".Butthisdoesn'tmeanthat"morefun"and"mostfun"areincorrect,though;infact,informalwriting,you'llprobablystillwanttousethoseinsteadof"funner"and"funnest."

TheEnglishlanguageischock-fullofuncertaingrammarrules;there'snoneedtoinsistthatawordbreaksthecommonrulesoflanguagejustbecausewedidn'tusedtouseitinawaywedonow.（1）HowdocomparativesandsuperlativesworkintheEnglishlanguage?A.

Put"more"or"most"beforeone-syllableadjectives.B.

Add"-er"or"-est"tomostpolysyllabicadjectives.C.

Put"more"or"most"beforepolysyllabicadjectives.D.

Add"-er"or"-est"straighttotwo-syllablewordsendingina"y".（2）Peopledidn'tusedtouse"funner"or"funnest"partlybecause______________.A.

itsoundedstrangetogrammarians

B.

theEnglishlanguagechangedalittleC.

thewordwasoriginallyusedasanoun

D.

somedictionariesconsidereditincorrect（3）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.

Is"funner"aword?B.

AgeneralruleofEnglishgrammar.C.

ThedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage.D.

Thecomparativesandsuperlativesofadjectives.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了英語(yǔ)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)中，單詞fun的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則而展開(kāi)。告訴了我們單詞fun詞性的歷史演變，英語(yǔ)充滿了不確定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則;沒(méi)有必要僅僅因?yàn)槲覀冞^(guò)去不像現(xiàn)在這樣使用一個(gè)詞就認(rèn)為它違反了語(yǔ)言的一般規(guī)則。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thegeneralruleisthatone-syllablewordsgetthesuffix,andpolysyllabicwordsget'more'or'most.'"一般規(guī)則是單音節(jié)單詞詞尾添加后綴，多音節(jié)單詞則需要添加"more"或"most"?？芍谟⒄Z(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)中，在多音節(jié)形容詞前加"more"或"most"。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Untiltheearly19thcentury,itwasmostlyjustanoun,anditgaineditsmeaningas"amusement"inthe18thcentury.Butasearlyasthe1800s,peoplebeganusingitasanadjective,thewaywe'ddescribe"afuntime"or‘a(chǎn)funplace“today.”直到19世紀(jì)早期，它還只是一個(gè)名詞，到了18世紀(jì)才有了"娛樂(lè)"的含義。但早在19世紀(jì)，人們就開(kāi)始把它用作形容詞，我們今天用它來(lái)形容"有趣的時(shí)間"或"有趣的地方"?？芍^(guò)去的人們不習(xí)慣使用"funner"或"funnest"，部分原因是這個(gè)詞最初用作名詞。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butwhatabouttheword"fun"?Thissimpleadjectiveonlyhasonesyllable,soyou'dthinkyou'daddsuffixesonittocreatesuperlatives.”但是"樂(lè)趣"這個(gè)詞呢?這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的形容詞只有一個(gè)音節(jié)，所以你會(huì)認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該在它上面加上后綴來(lái)創(chuàng)造最高級(jí)。以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sotheyalsoagreethattheanswerto"isfunneraword?"isyes.”所以他們對(duì)"funner是一個(gè)詞嗎?"的說(shuō)法是肯定的。本文主要內(nèi)容都是圍繞著fun的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則展開(kāi)論述，故A選項(xiàng)"funner是一個(gè)詞嗎？"符合文章主旨。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化知識(shí)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Physicaleducation,orPE,isn'trequiredforallhighschoolstudents.Insomeschools,itisn'tofferedforsomedifferentreasons.Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly"yes".

Todaymanypeopledon'tdosports.Butasisknowntoall,doingsportsisveryimportantforanadult.Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.

Highschoolisn'tthateasy.Manystudentsareunderalotofstress.Stresscanbeharmfultoastudent'sstudiesandlife.Doingsportscanhelpthemdealwithstressbetter,helpingthemliveahappierlifeatschool.

TheAmericanHeartAssociationsaysthat10millionkidsandteenssufferfromobesity(肥胖癥).Teensshouldget60minutesofphysicalactivityperdaytocontroltheirweightandtohelptheirbonesgetstronger.Theincreaseinactivitiesthatdon'tgetteenstomovearound,suchasvideogamesandcomputeractivities,meansmanyteensdon'tgettheirrequiredexercise.PEclassesactasapublichealthmeasuretoencouragephysicalactivitiesandhelpteenshavehealthyweights.

Notdoingsportsincreasesteens'riskofdevelopingmanydiseases.Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.Asmuchas75percentofhealth-carespendinggoestowardtreatingmedicalconditionsthatcanbehinderedbylifestylechanges,accordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine.

AccordingtothePresident'sCouncilonFitness,SportsandNutrition(PCFSN),studentswhoperformedfivehoursofphysicalactivityeachweekimprovedtheiracademic(學(xué)業(yè)的)performance.Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.（1）AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdoesphysicaleducationinhighschoolmean?A.Makingteensattachimportancetoexerciselater.B.Removingthestressfacedbyteensatschool.C.Gettingteenstoencourageadultstoexercise.D.Helpingteenslearntomakegoodplans.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hindered"inParagraph5mean?A.measured.B.prevented.C.shown.D.caused.（3）AccordingtothePCFSN,doingsports

.A.meansmakingstudentschoosebetweensportsandstudiesB.helpsstudentsmakegooduseofalltheirtimeC.meansstudentsadjusttotheirstudiesbetterD.helpsstudentsdobetterintheirstudies（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreceivephysicaleducation.B.Whysomeschoolsconsiderphysicaleducationimportant.C.Howschoolscanhelpstudentslovedoingsports.D.Howhighschoolstudentscanliveabetterlife.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。論述了為什么高中生應(yīng)該接受體育教育。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.”現(xiàn)在教導(dǎo)青少年健康生活方式的重要性，制定健身計(jì)劃，可以幫助青少年成年后，把鍛煉放在首位?？芍?，根據(jù)第二段，高中體育教育意味著讓青少年重視以后的鍛煉。故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的“Notdoingsportsincreasesteens'riskofdevelopingmanydiseases.Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.”不運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)增加青少年患多種疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。積極的生活方式是預(yù)防這些健康問(wèn)題的好方法?？芍癆smuchas75percentofhealth-carespendinggoestowardtreatingmedicalconditionsthatcanbehinderedbylifestylechanges”的意思是多達(dá)75%的醫(yī)療支出用于治療可能因生活方式改變而受阻的疾病?！癶indered”的意思是受阻，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.”不參加體育活動(dòng)的學(xué)生，把額外的時(shí)間用于課堂學(xué)習(xí)，在考試中的表現(xiàn)并不比那些為了支持體育而放棄一些學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的學(xué)生好。由此推斷出，根據(jù)PCFSN，做運(yùn)動(dòng)幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上做得更好。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly‘yes’.”但是中學(xué)生應(yīng)該接受體育教育嗎?答案當(dāng)然是肯定的，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了為什么高中生應(yīng)該接受體育教育。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousph