高中英語閱讀理解(社會文化)答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics(漫畫)withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants(移民)howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100guideisneededto"keepapositiveimage"ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants.Butcriticshavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmayberegardedasantagonistsinthemanual(手冊).

RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus(高加索)andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.

ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe"dos"and"don'ts"tomigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinely(例行公事)stopthemtochecktheirdocuments.

Inthemanual,Russia'sfamous"threewarriors"aremeanttorepresentthecity'slawenforcementagencies(執(zhí)法機關(guān)),whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky(ahistoricalcharacter)isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia'slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow'sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported(驅(qū)逐出境)orbannedfromentry.

Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,AlexanderKalinin,whoheadsthegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,toldBBCRussian.

"Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,"headded.

Migrantcharactershadinitially(最初)beenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferentnationalities,butthebook'sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas"nottooffendanyone",saidMr.Kalinin.

"TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersisbeingrevived,"YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexperttoldBBCRussian.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe"difficult"tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.（1）Theunderlinedword"antagonists"inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby"________".A.

friends

B.

acquaintances

C.

cooperators

D.

opponents（2）PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow"________".A.

tofindwell-paidjobsB.

tohaveanewlifestyleC.

toenjoythefineclimateD.

toexperienceanewculture（3）Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout"________".A.

consequencesthemigrantsmaysufferB.

thepurposeofpublishingthehandbookC.

themeasurestoattractforeignmigrantsD.

charactersandtheirfunctionsinRussianfairytales（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.

WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussiaB.

CharactersfromRussianfairytaleshavenewjobsC.

MoreandmoreforeignmigrantstoworkinMoscowD.

Moscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehave【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了莫斯科當(dāng)局用童話人物的漫畫向移民解釋行為規(guī)范。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theysaya100guideisneededto‘keepapositiveimage’ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants."可知，他們說需要一份100頁的手冊來保持城市的積極形象，并有助于緩解當(dāng)?shù)厝撕鸵泼裰g的緊張關(guān)系，但批評人士指出，手冊中可能把外國移民和本國人視為敵手，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“敵手、對手”，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus(高加索)andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因為他們被莫斯科相對較高的工作機會和薪水所吸引，故選A。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的"ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe‘dos’and‘don'ts’tomigrants."可知，新的俄語手冊試圖向移民解釋該做什么和不該做什么，由此可知本段主要是介紹出版新手冊的目的，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的"Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics(漫畫)withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants(移民)howtheyshouldbehave."可知，本文介紹了莫斯科當(dāng)局用童話人物的漫畫向移民解釋行為規(guī)范，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，段落大意和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Althoughnotasmuchasinthepast,grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo(納瓦霍人)youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage.Theparentsgrantthemtheprivilegeofteachingthechildren,andthegrandparentstakegreatprideinraisingthechildrenoratleasthavingabigpartinraisingthem.

Youngchildrenoftenstaywiththeirgrandparentsforyearsatatimedevelopingacloseandtrustingrelationship.ThegrandparentsteachthechildrenNavajolegendsandtheprincipleoflife,emphasizingbothnewculturetrendsandthepreservationoftraditions.

Thegrandparentsarealsooftentheleadingfiguresinteachingtheyouththeartsofweaving,caringforthelivestock,usingherbalmedicine,andotherartsandcrafts.

Thechildrenaretaughttorespecttheirelders,tocareforthem,tohelpthemwhenevertheyareinneed,andtolearnfromthem.Youngpeopleareurgedtolistenwithcaretothewordsoftheireldersandtokeepasmuchwisdomaspossible.Grandparentsoftengotosocialgatheringsandtraditionalevents,andtheyounghaveopportunitiestolearnmoreabouttheircultureandtraditions.

Ilivewithmygrandmotherforthirteenyears,andsheraisedmeintheoldwaysofourpeople.AlthoughIwasgoingtoschool,shetaughtmeasmuchasshecouldaboutourtraditions.Shewasabeautifulwoman.IfIhadachance,Iwouldlistenagaintoherwiseteachings,expressedwithkindnessinasoftvoicethattouchedmyheart.

Weusedtoplantcornandpumpkineverysummer.Theynevergrewbigenoughtofeedus,butweplantedthemanyway.Iaskedmygrandmotherwhy.Shesaid,"Grandson,ourplantswillbefarmorebeautifulthantheflowersoutsidethefence."IdidnotunderstanduntilonedayIsawtheirbeautyasIwascomingoverthehillwithher.Shesaid,"Anythingthatisapartofyouisalwaysfarmorebeautifulthanthethingswhichyoupassby."Wehadsomebeautifulyearstogether.IamgladsheisapartofmeandIamapartofher.

Childrenusedtobewelldisciplined,possessingmorerespectforculture,tradition,andbeliefsthantheydonow.TheworldoftheNavajohasbeeninfluencedbythewesternworld,andthegrandparentshavelesscontrolandinfluencethantheyusedto.Buttheyoungpeoplewhohavebeentouchedbytheirteachingshaveglimpsedawayoflifebeyondwhatmostpeopleknowtoday.（1）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.

Parentshatetotakethetroubletoraisechildren.B.

SchoolsarenotverypopularwiththeNavajoyouth.C.

Grandparentsareusuallyunwillingtoteachtheirgrandchildren.D.

Childrenlearnaboutthemeaningoflifefromtheirgrandchildren.（2）Whydidtheauthor'sgrandmotherplantcornandpumpkin?A.

Becauseshehatedwildflowers.B.

Becausesheneededtofeedherfamily.C.

Becauseshetriedtomakeherfencemorebeautiful.D.

Becauseshewantedhergrandsontolearnalifelesson.（3）What'stheauthor'sopinionaccordingtothepassage?A.

Grandparentsarethesourceoftraditionalculture.B.

Hisgrandmother'steachingcouldreplaceschooling.C.

ThewesternworldishardlyinfluencedbytheNavajos.D.

Itisimpossibletogetgrandparentsinvolvedinteachingagain.（4）What'sthepurposeofthearticle?A.

Tohonortheauthor'sgrandmother.B.

TosharewithreadersaNavajoculture.C.

ToemphasizethegreatnessofNavajo.D.

TointroducethedevelopmentofNavajotribes.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了納瓦霍人的一種文化：由祖父母來教育孫子輩，讓他們學(xué)到生活中的道理。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo(納瓦霍人)youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage."可知，祖父母們是年輕人的老師，使年輕人在很小的時候就認(rèn)識生活。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的"Grandson,ourplantswillbefarmorebeautifulthantheflowersoutsidethefence."以及"Anythingthatisapartofyouisalwaysfarmorebeautifulthanthethingswhichyoupassby."可知，祖母種植玉米和南瓜是為了讓作者明白一個生活的道理：任何屬于你的東西，總是比你路過的東西更美。從而推斷出祖母是想讓她的孫子學(xué)到人生的一課。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。第一段提出“納瓦霍人的孫子輩主要由祖父母來教育，他們在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面起了很大的作用”，接著對此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。最后一段“那些被他們的祖父母教導(dǎo)所感動的年輕人，已經(jīng)發(fā)找到了一種大多數(shù)人今天所不知道的生活方式”。由此可推斷出本文主要介紹了納瓦霍人的一種文化：由祖父母們教育孫子輩，讓他們認(rèn)識生活，學(xué)到其中的道理。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的"grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo(納瓦霍人)youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage."納瓦霍人的祖父母們成為年輕一代人的老師，在教育孫子輩起著重要的作用。是主旨句，接著下文較為詳細(xì)地介紹了納瓦霍人的這種文化。由此可推斷出作者是與讀者分享一種納瓦霍人的文化。由選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

SinglesDay:AlibabaSaysaLotofPeopleinChinaBoughtOnlineTheplanet'sbiggestshoppingdayhascomeandgone,andAlibabaagainshowedtheworldhowmanymountainsofstuff(物品)itcouldpersuadepeopletobuyinthe24hours.

MondaywasNov.11,knowninChinaasSinglesDay.Thisyear,nearly$38.3billionworthofstuffwassoldonAlibaba'splatforms(平臺)thatday,beatinglastyear's$30.8billionandmakingBlackFridaylook,yetagain,likeayardsale.

Chinahasgrownricherandmoredigitallyconnected.Alibabahasbecomeatechnologypowerhouse.Alongtheway,thecompanyhasmadeafewfamousfriends.ThisyearthesingerTaylorSwiftperformedinitslive-streamedeveninggala(慶典)inShanghaionSunday.InpreviousyearsthemodelMirandaKerrandtheactorsNicoleKidmanandDanielCraigalsoshowedontheSinglesDaystage.

AlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChina,simplyenough,byconnectingbigChinesemanufacturerswithbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,Aallowedpeopletobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba'sadvantagewasn'thardtosee:size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.

Alibabanowcallsitselfadataandtechnologycompany,onethatprovidesdigitaltoolstohelpthebusinessesonitsplatforms.That,inturn,leadsconsumerstolooktothoseplatformsfortheireveryneed,fromshoppingandservicestoentertainmentandtravel.Today,Alibabaisitselfagiganticcompany,anditwantstogrowbiggerstill.（1）Whereisthispassageprobablyfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anewspaper.C.Asciencenewsreport.D.Anadvertisement.（2）HowmanyfamouspeopleshowedontheSinglesDaystage?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.（3）WhatdoesAlibaba'sadvantagemainlyliein?A.Itsplatform.B.Itsservice.C.Itsprice.D.Itssize.（4）Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword"gigantic"inthelastparagraph?A.Large.B.Small.C.Good.D.Successful.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了引領(lǐng)了中國雙十一購物節(jié)的阿里巴巴公司。每年購物節(jié)前夕都會找明星預(yù)熱。同時介紹了阿里巴巴的相關(guān)信息。（1）考查推理判斷。本文介紹了中國雙十一購物節(jié)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和阿里巴巴公司的情況，可以從報紙了解到相關(guān)信息。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的TaylorSwift，MirandaKerr，NicoleKidman，DanielCraig等人都參加了雙十一晚會慶典，共4人，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Alibaba'sadvantagewasn'thardtosee:size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.”阿里巴巴的優(yōu)勢不難看出，就是其規(guī)模，而且阿里巴巴的規(guī)模以中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而言也是非常大的。故選D。（4）考查詞義猜測。最后一段中的“anditwantstogrowbiggerstill”，阿里巴巴也想繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，此處使用了bigger形容詞的比較級，由此可判斷劃線詞意為“大”，故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

GuesswhatformerAustralianPrimeMinisterKevinRudd,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergandUnitedStatespresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,ArabellaKushner,haveincommon?TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.

AlthoughChineseisknownasoneofthehardestlanguagestolearn,alotofpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsarestudyingitwithhopesofbigbenefits.

Nov2sawmorethan120people,comingfrom105countries,competeinthefinalsofthe12th"ChineseBridge"ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforforeignsecondaryschoolstudents.HeldinZhengzhou,Henanprovince,thefinalswasmainlymadeupofspeechcontestsandtalentshows.ThecontestantsalsovisitedtheShaolinTemple,LongmenGrottoesandotherhistoricalsitesinHenan.

WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.

Raissa,17,fromtheUnionoftheComoros,developedastrongemotionalconnectionwithChinaafterhergrandmotherwascuredbydoctorsoftheChinesemedicalteaminAfricathreeyearsago.ThisledhertolearnChineseatalocalConfuciusInstitute.

FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina."MydreamistostudymedicineinChinasothatIcouldcurepatientsliketheChinesedoctorsdid,"shesaid.

ForFeketeMarcellZoltan,17,fromtheHungarian-ChineseBilingualSchool,studyingChinesemaysecurehimafuturejobasaHungariandiplomat(外交官)toChina."Aftergraduationfromhighschool,IwouldliketofurthermystudiesinChina,"hesaid.

RobertDavis,directoroftheChinese-languageprograminChicago'spublicschoolsystem,maygiveyouahint."Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld."hetoldCGTN.（1）WhyareMarkZuckerbergandArabellaKushnermentionedinparagraphone?A.ToshowChineseispopular.B.Tointroducethemtothereaders.C.TotellthereaderstheyloveChina.D.TostresstheimportanceoflearningChinese.（2）TheunderlinedwordFascinatedinparagraph6canbereplacedby______.A.AttractedB.EmployedC.InspectedD.Appreciated（3）WhatisthecommonreasonforthecompetitorstolearnChinese?A.It'seasytolearn.B.Theywanttobecomeadoctor.C.Theyhopeforagoodjobaftergraduation.D.TheyhaveinterestinChinesecultureandrapiddevelopment.（4）WhatisRobertDavis'attitudetolearningChinese?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Upset.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了漢語變得越來越受歡迎這一現(xiàn)象。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.”以及上文可知，前澳大利亞的首相KevinRudd,臉譜CEOMarkZuckerbergand川普的孫女ArabellaKushner,是為了突出他們都在學(xué)漢語，從而表明漢語很流行，所以選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina.”可知是由于被中國文化吸引，參賽者參加各種有關(guān)中醫(yī)以及民間藝術(shù)的活動，所以fascinated表示吸引，故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段“WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.”可知這些參賽者們學(xué)習(xí)漢語的共同原因是他們對中國文化和發(fā)展感興趣，所以選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld.”可知他認(rèn)為漢語將會像英語一樣在全世界廣泛應(yīng)用，所以他對學(xué)習(xí)漢語的態(tài)度是支持的，所以選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

SpendingChristmasinaforeigncountrycanbeatrulyeye-openingexperience,especiallysinceit'seasytobelievethatasaworldwidefestival,mostcountriesprobablycelebrateitinafairlysimilarmanner.BeingfromtheUK,Christmasformemeansspendingtimewithfamilyandfriends,exchangingpresents,eatinganddrinking,and,ofcourse,hidingfromthecold.InColombia,however,Christmasisviewedmuchmoreasatimewhichdevotesitselftoreligion.

Withcelebrationsbeginningon7December,ColumbiaisrecognizedashavingthelongestChristmascelebrationsperiodintheworld.Thecelebrationsgenerallybeginintheeveningwiththelightingofcandles,eitherinthestreets,parksoroutsidepeople'shomes.Citiesarelitupbycandles,asthisdaymarksthebeginningoftheChristmasperiod.AlthoughdecorationshavebeenupsinceearlyNovember,anothertraditioninColombiaisthatduringtheninedaysbeforeChristmas,familymembersandfriendsmeetuptopray,singsongsandsharetraditionalfoodsathome.

ProbablythebiggestsurpriseformehasbeenthemusicpeoplelistentoduringtheChristmasperiod.Atfirst,youcouldeasilymistakethesesongsfortheclassicsalsa,whichisplayedallyearround.However,afteraskingaColombianifitreallyfeltlikeChristmasmusic,theyexplainedtomethatthesongsarelovedmoreforthememoriestheysymbolizethanforthewaytheysound,andthatColombiahasbeenthroughsomanydarkperiodsinhistory,itwasimportanttoholdontothegoodmemoriesofyearsgonepast.

BeinginacountrylikeColombiaduringthisfestiveperiodhastaughtmethatyoudon'tneedtobereligioustotakepartintheseChristmastraditions.（1）What'stheauthorsopinionofChristmas?A.Itisn'taglobalfestival.B.Itisn'tatimeforbeingalone.C.Itismainlydevotedtoreligion.D.It'scelebratedonlyinsomeplaces.（2）WhatcanwelearnabouttheChristmasmusic?A.ItiscelebratedinthesamewayasintheUK.B.Itiscelebratedmainlyasareligiousfestival.C.Itiscelebratedforninedaysorso.D.Itiscelebratedwithlanternsandfireworks.（3）WhatdoColombiansdoduringtheChristmascelebrationperiod?A.Enjoytraditionalfoods.B.Gotothechurchtogether.C.Learnabuthomedecorations.D.Haveaone-month-longholiday.（4）Colombianslovethesongsmainlybecause______.A.theysoundextremelywonderfulB.theyexpressbestwishesforthefutureC.theyrepresentgoodmemoriesofthepastD.theyhavebeenpasseddownforgenerations【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在哥倫比亞圣誕節(jié)的意義及人們的慶祝方式。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“BeingfromtheUK,Christmasformemeansspendingtimewithfamilyandfriends,exchangingpresents,eatinganddrinking,and,ofcourse,hidingfromthecold.”可知在作者眼里，圣誕節(jié)意味著與家人和朋友共度時光，交換禮物，吃喝玩樂。圣誕節(jié)是團(tuán)聚的時間不是獨處的時間。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“InColombia,however,Christmasisviewedmuchmoreasatimewhichdevotesitselftoreligion.”可知在哥倫比亞，圣誕節(jié)更多的是作為宗教節(jié)日被慶祝的，故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“anothertraditioninColombiaisthatduringtheninedaysbeforeChristmas,familymembersandfriendsmeetuptopray,singsongsandsharetraditionalfoodsathome.”可知在哥倫比亞，家人和朋友團(tuán)聚祈禱，唱歌，共享傳統(tǒng)食物。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“thesongsarelovedmoreforthememoriestheysymbolizethanforthewaytheysound,andthatColombiahasbeenthroughsomanydarkperiodsinhistory,itwasimportanttoholdontothegoodmemoriesofyearsgonepast.”可知哥倫比亞圣誕音樂讓人喜愛是因為它們所象征的記憶，是要保持對過去歲月的美好記憶。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.JazzclubsaroundthecitystillhostconcertswithlocaljazzmusicianslikeRobDixonandJoelTucker.Oneoftheseclubs,theChatterboxJazzClub,stillhaslivejazzsevennightsaweek.

ButtherealhistoryofjazzinIndyismuchlesssimple.AlongwiththeAvenue'sculture,jazzmusicwasgonefromthestreetsformanyyears.

IndianaAvenuewastheheartofaneighborhoodalongtheWhiteRiver.Itwasacenterforblackmusicandlivestreetmusic.Thewealthyavoidedthisarea.Soitbecameaplacethatpoorerfamilies,includingmanyAfrican-Americanandimmigrant(移民)families,movedto.

JazzprosperedinthemixofAmericanculturesaroundtheAvenueinthe1930sand1940s.Butinthe1950s,thingschanged.Afterthewar,therewereprojectstomakethecitybeautifulandbuildauniversitynearby.Bothoftheseseemedlikegoodchanges.However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.

Aftermanyyears,Indianapolisrememberedthevalueofitsartsandmusicculture.ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.Onceagain,thehighlivingcostsinthesehistoricartsareaspushedlow-incomefamiliesout.

Todaythereareseveralold-stylejazzclubswherefriendscanmeetuptorememberthepastorjustenjoyasummerevening.Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.（1）WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttosayinParagraph1?A.Jazzclubscanmakebigmoney.B.Jazzmusiciansoftenholdconcerts.C.JazzmusicispopularinIndianapolis.D.JazzcultureisjustpartofIndianapolis'culture.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prospered"inParagraph4mean?A.Disappearedquickly.B.Arrivedsoon.C.Recoveredsoon.D.Developedwell.（3）WhatdidIndianapolisdotobringbackitslostculture?A.Itrebuiltsomeoldimportantareas.B.Itinvitedoldjazzmusicianstosinginthecity.C.Iteducatedpeopleaboutthevalueofmusicculture.D.Itsettledlow-incomefamiliesintheIndianaAvenuecommunity,（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutmodernIndyjazzistrue?A.Itshomecultureisgone.B.Itsstylesaretootraditional.C.Itshowsthesadnessofthepoor.D.Itisnolongerafavoriteoftheyoung.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，2019年爵士樂仍然是印第安納波利斯藝術(shù)文化的重要組成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.”現(xiàn)在到了2019年，爵士樂是印第安納波利斯藝術(shù)文化的重要組成部分?？芍?，第一段主要是介紹了爵士樂在印第安納波利斯很受歡迎。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中中的“Butinthe1950s,thingschanged….However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.”但在20世紀(jì)50年代，情況發(fā)生了變化。……然而，新的

大學(xué)和建筑使得貧困家庭不得不離開這個地區(qū)。這摧毀了印第安納大道社區(qū)，也隨之摧毀了它的爵士樂文化?？芍D(zhuǎn)折詞but之后描述了爵士樂的衰落，因此推測出劃線詞prospered意為“興盛、蓬勃發(fā)展”。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.”它開始帶回失落的文化，比如大街上的現(xiàn)場音樂。為此，它開始做出新的改變。這些改變包括修復(fù)像TheAvenue這樣的歷史街區(qū)?？芍?，它重建了一些舊的重要區(qū)域。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.”乍一看，爵士樂似乎又活了起來，但在這些爵士樂俱樂部背后卻有一個可悲的現(xiàn)實:現(xiàn)代印地安那爵士樂只是曾經(jīng)活躍在印第安納大道上的文化的一個影子?？芍?，爵士樂的本土文化消失了。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

InourannualReaders'ChoiceAwardssurvey,weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.Thesecitiesarecentersofmusicanddance,museums,andtheaters.Herearefourofthemwhereyoucanfindinspirationinthearts,startingwiththetopspot.

Rome,Italy

Atitspeak,theRomanEmpireextendedovernearlytwomillionsquaremilesoflandacrossEurope,AsiaMinorandNorthAfrica.Today,thathistoryisondisplayeverywhere.Thecity'smainattractionsarefamousnotbecauseoftouristadvertisements,butbecausetheyarereallysoimpressive.Nowonderit'sknownastheEternalCity:Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.

Paris,France

HemingwayfamouslycalledParis"amoveablefeast",butwhereveryougowhileinthecity,thereisalwayssomethingtosee,hear,tasteorfeel.Withsome150museums,Parisdoublesasanarthistoryclass,offeringtheverybestofthedisciplineacrosscenturiesandstyles.

London,UnitedKingdom

LondonisinspirationandsettingfortheriseofShakespeare,Dickens,OrwellandEliotandthebreedinggroundforallthoseiconic(標(biāo)志性的)bands:TheKinks,TheClashandTheStones.LondonisalsoBanksy'sfavoritecanvas,hometomorethan1,000galleries,andthekindofplacewhereyoucanspendawholedayinasinglemuseumandstillbereadyformorewhenitopensthenextmorning.

Vienna,Austria

Asweallknow,WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustria'scapital,whichnurturedmanyfamousmusicians.It'salsothesiteoftheViennaSecession,arevolutionaryartmovementfoundedin1897byGustavKlimt.Visitorstodaycanseethefruitsofallthatcreativityinthecity's100–oddmuseums.（1）WhyisRomeregardedastheEternalCity?A.Ithadanimportantroleinhistory.B.Itshistorycanbeseeneverywhere.C.Peoplecaneasilyfindnewartandculture.D.Peoplecanspendmoneywellthere.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nurtured"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Produced.B.Affected.C.Attracted.D.Changed.（3）Whichcolumncanweprobablyfindthetext?A.History.B.Art.C.Education.D.Life.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了四個世界上最受喜愛的藝術(shù)和文化城市。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Rome,Italy部分中的“Nowonderit'sknownastheEternalCity:Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.”可知難怪它被稱為永恒之城：你可以永遠(yuǎn)在這里度過，每天都能發(fā)現(xiàn)新的藝術(shù)和文化寶藏。由此可知羅馬被視為永恒之城是因為人們可以很容易地找到新的藝術(shù)和文化。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)Vienna,Austria部分中的“Asweallknow,WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustria'scapital”可知，如果沒有奧地利的首都，西方的音樂將是不可識別的，因此推斷畫線句句意：奧地利誕生了許多著名的音樂家。由此可知劃線單詞意思為“產(chǎn)生，誕生”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“InourannualReaders'ChoiceAwardssurvey,weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.”可知在一年一度的讀者選擇獎?wù){(diào)查中，我們要求讀者對世界上最喜愛的藝術(shù)和文化城市進(jìn)行排名。以及文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了四個藝術(shù)和文化城市，由此可推知文章能夠在“藝術(shù)”一欄找到。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Anameismorethanjustaword.Itcarriestheweightofaperson'swholeidentity.Anamecanrepresentaperson'sethnicity(種族身份)andculture,orshowrespectfortheirancestralroots.Aself-givennamemayrepresentaperson'sbeliefsorchosenidentity.

Everyonehastherighttohavetheirnamepronouncedcorrectly.Itisasignofrespectforaperson'sindividuality."Aperson'snameistohimorherthesweetestandmostimportantsoundinanylanguage,"DaleCarnegiewritesinhisbookHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.Behindeachnameisastory,andwhenanameisanglicized(英語化),mispronounced,orignored,thatstoryisdismissed.

Anamemispronouncedforalongtimecannegativelyimpactaperson'sattitudetowardtheirownidentity.Itcancreatefeelingsofshameorembarrassmentbecausetheyaremadetofeellikeaburden.Inthelongterm,thismightcausesomeonetodistancethemselvesfromtheirroots.Theymaybeginshyingawayfromtheirnativelanguage,culture,andfamilyforthesakeoffittingin.

Inordertoavoidthis,manyinternationalstudentslivingintheU.S.chooseEnglishnames.Peopleshouldn'thavetoignoretheiridentitiesforthesakeofsomeoneelse'sconvenience.

Everyonemakesmistakes,andnoteveryonecangetanamerightonthefirsttry.Mispronouncinganamerepeatedly,however,showsalackofeffort.Itisnotokaytobecomfortablewithmispronouncingnames,andbeingunfamiliarwithalanguagei