【英語】高二英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(無人機(jī))threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周邊)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一種水上無人機(jī)可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，這種無人機(jī)是用來清理垃圾的，故選C。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，預(yù)計(jì)到2016年，海洋里會(huì)有1.5億噸垃圾，估計(jì)約有25萬噸垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要講述海洋垃圾的嚴(yán)重性，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配備防碰撞系統(tǒng)，無人機(jī)使用激光來探測物體，用測距技術(shù)來探測前方是否有物體，如果探測到物體，無人機(jī)就會(huì)停下來或者后退，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，這種無人機(jī)并非解決水上垃圾污染的萬全之策，需要多措并舉，才能達(dá)到目的，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.

Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.

"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."

ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大膽的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."

ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.（1）Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.

Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.B.

Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.

Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.D.

ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.

TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.

ClimatechangeinAntarctica.C.

TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.D.

TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.（3）WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.

ItisasbigasLondon.B.

ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.

Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.

IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.B.

TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.

Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.D.

By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，南極地區(qū)的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面顯現(xiàn)的新的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為科學(xué)家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的機(jī)會(huì)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科學(xué)家著急趕去世界最大的冰山是為了在其受到光照影響之前研究這座冰山下面的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成為科學(xué)家提供了研究海洋生物的獨(dú)一無二的機(jī)會(huì)，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan認(rèn)為科學(xué)家要果敢地抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到達(dá)一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的在拉森冰架下面隱藏了12萬年的的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可知選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世紀(jì)末平均至少升高60厘米，選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)境類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact,black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:blackboard.

Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew"greenboards"madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword"chalkboard"asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but"blackboard"stillstuckaround.（1）Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?A.

Blackboard.

B.

Chalkboard.

C.

Greenboard.

D.

Miniboard.（2）Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?A.

Tomakeacomparison.B.

Tomakeenoughspace.C.

Todrawstudents'attention.D.

Toarousestudents'interest.（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe"greenboard"?A.

They'relighterinweight.B.

They'remoreconvenienttotransport.C.

They'reeasiertoerasethepowder.D.

They'remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Introductionoftheblackboard.B.

Originoftheblackboard.C.

Coloroftheblackboard.D.

Functionoftheblackboard.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過描述黑板發(fā)展歷程向讀者介紹了黑板最早的時(shí)候確實(shí)是黑色的，隨后慢慢發(fā)展變成了綠色?；卮鹆?黑板為什么是綠色的？"這個(gè)問題。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的，"...late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood..."可知，18世紀(jì)的學(xué)生用的是“迷你板”。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.”在1800年，一名英格蘭校長JamesPillans想讓他的學(xué)生們畫地圖，但是學(xué)生們?cè)谒麄兊拿阅惆迳蠠o法畫出地圖，因此校長讓學(xué)生把他們的迷你板拼湊在一起來制造一個(gè)大的板?？芍?，校長讓學(xué)生把他們的迷你板拼湊在一起是為了創(chuàng)造一個(gè)大的空間來畫地圖。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thenewmaterialwaslighterand...morelikelytosurvivetheJourney."可知A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)正確；以及"Afterall,...madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase."可知C項(xiàng)正確；D項(xiàng)文章未提及。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。文章第一段前四句話點(diǎn)明了文章中心：我們看到的黑板大多是綠色的，為什么叫黑板？通讀全文也可知文章主要講述了黑板發(fā)展過程中顏色從黑色變成綠色的過程和原因。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Escapingpredators(食肉動(dòng)物),digestionandotheranimalactivities—includingthoseofhumans—requireoxygen.Butthatessentialingredientisnolongersoeasyformarinelifetoobtain,severalnewstudiesreveal.

Inthepastdecadeoceanoxygenlevelshavetakenadive—analarmingtrendthatislinkedtoclimatechange,saysAndreasOschlies,anoceanographerattheHelmholtzCenterforOceanResearchinGermany,whoseteamtracksoceanoxygenlevelsworldwide."Weweresurprisedbytheintensityofthechangeswesaw,howrapidlyoxygenisgoingdownintheoceanandhowlargetheeffectsonmarineecosystemsare,"hesays.Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,butthescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropical(熱帶的)regionshavedroppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelast50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally.

Awarmingoceanlosesoxygenfortworeasons:First,thewarmeraliquidbecomes,thelessgasitcanhold.Thatiswhycarbonateddrinksgoflatfasterwhenleftinthesun.Second,aspolarseaicemelts,itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder,moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth.

Oceananimalslargeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions.Climatechangealreadyposesseriousproblemsformarinelife,suchasoceanacidification,butdeoxygenationisthemostpressingissuefacingseaanimalstoday,Oschliessays.Afterall,hesays,"theyallhavetobreathe."

Asidefromfoodwebproblems,animalsfacevariousotherphysiologicalchallengesastheirbodiesadjusttoloweroxygenlevels.Chineseshrimp(蝦)movetheirtailslessvigorouslytopreserveenergyinloweroxygenenvironments.Somecreatures,suchasjellyfishes,aremoretolerantoflowoxygenthanothersare.Butallanimalswillfeeltheimpactofdeoxygenationbecausetheyallhaveevolvedtheiroxygencapacityforareason,saysOschlies."Anydropinoxygenisgoingtodamagesurvivabilityandperformance,"hesays.（1）Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatworriesscientiststhemost?A.

Theworseningdeoxygenationinthewarmingocean.B.

Thesurvivalofpredatorsandvariousmarineanimals.C.

Thealarminglychangeableoxygenlevelsintheocean.D.

Thelackofattentiontothewarmingoftropicaloceans.（2）Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheoxygenlossintheocean?A.

Polaricemeltingconsumesmuchoxygenintheocean.B.

Globalwarmingreducestheamountofoxygenintheair.C.

Thesurfacepolaricewaterpreventsoxygengoingdown.D.

Saltywaterholdslessgasintheincreasinglywarmerocean.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

Oceandeoxygenationchangessomeanimals'naturalterritories.B.

Oceanacidificationismoreseriousaproblemthandeoxygenation.C.

Notalloceananimalsarebotheredbythedecreasingoxygenlevels.D.

Someanimalsreducetheirmovementsinordertoabsorbmoreoxygen.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

TheOxygenLevelsofMarineLife

B.

OceanWarmingAffectsFoodWebC.

TheSurvivabilityofOceanAnimals

D.

TheOceanIsRunningOutofBreath【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了海洋氧含量下降是一個(gè)與氣候變化有關(guān)的令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢。同時(shí)介紹了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及對(duì)海洋生物的影響和對(duì)其生存的威脅。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,butthescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropical(熱帶的)regionshavedroppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelast50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally."可知，對(duì)于科學(xué)家來說，變暖的海洋正在失去氧氣并不奇怪，但這種下降的規(guī)模需要緊急關(guān)注。一些最近的研究表明，在過去的50年里，一些熱帶地區(qū)的氧氣含量下降了驚人的40%。其他地區(qū)的降幅較小，全球平均降幅為2%。所以根據(jù)前兩段，科學(xué)家最擔(dān)心的是變暖的海洋中日益惡化的脫氧現(xiàn)象。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"aspolarseaicemelts,itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder,moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth."可知，當(dāng)極地海冰融化時(shí)，它會(huì)在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一層水。這個(gè)過程會(huì)形成一種冰蓋，它可以防止水流將地表水混合到海洋更深的深度。因?yàn)樗械难鯕舛歼M(jìn)入了表面，所以較少的與海洋水的混合意味著更深的海洋含氧量更少。所以表面的極地冰水阻止氧氣下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Oceananimalslargeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions."可知，然而，Oschlies和他所在領(lǐng)域的其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論大小，海洋動(dòng)物對(duì)氧氣的微小變化都有反應(yīng)，它們?cè)谳^高的含氧區(qū)尋求庇護(hù)，或是調(diào)整行為。這些調(diào)整可能使動(dòng)物暴露在新的掠食者面前，或迫使它們進(jìn)入食物匱乏的地區(qū)。所以海洋中氧含量減少迫使動(dòng)物離開自己的棲息地，去氧氣含量較高的地區(qū)尋求庇護(hù)。故判斷出海洋脫氧改變了一些動(dòng)物的自然領(lǐng)地。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，短文說明了海洋氧含量下降是一個(gè)與氣候變化有關(guān)的令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢，海洋氧含量下降的原因以及對(duì)海洋生物的影響和對(duì)其生存的威脅。所以短文主要是圍繞著海洋氧含量下降而展開的。故短文的最佳標(biāo)題為"海洋快喘不過氣來了"符合題意。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．Directions:Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland'spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods(間冰期)innorthwestGreenland.

Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought."Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,"Axfordsaid."Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated(遷徙)."

ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland'sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel."NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,"saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam."OneofthebiguncertaintiesinclimatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,"saidAxford.

Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday'sGreenlandlookedduringthelasttwointerglacialperiods.DuringtheLastInterglacial,globalsealevelsincreasedby15to30feet,largelyduetothinningofGreenlandandAntarctica'sicesheets.However,nowresearchersbelievenorthernGreenland'sicesheetexperiencedstrongerwarmingthanpreviouslythought,whichcouldmeanthatGreenlandismoreresponsibleforthatsea-levelrise.

Findinglakedepositsolderthanabout10,000years,however,hasbeenhistoricallyverydifficultinGreenland.Tomeasuretheseancienttemperatures,researcherslooktoicecores(冰核)andlakedeposits.Sinceiceandlakedepositsformbyagradualbuilduponannuallayersofsnowormud,thesecorescontainhistoryofthepast.Bylookingthroughthelayers,researcherscanobtainclimatecluesfromcenturiesago.（1）Whyaretheremainsoffliesmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheyserveasevidencethatthereisstilllifeintheNorthwestGreenland.B.TheywereoneofthemanyancientlivesthatwereleftintheGreenlandmud.C.TheyareindicatorsthatGreenlandwasmuchwarmerthanpreviouslythought.D.TheyhelptheresearchersrealizethattherewasonceawarmperiodintheArctic.（2）ThenewinformationaboutGreenlandisimportantbecause______________.A.researchershavenoideahowtomeasureGreenland'swarmingspeedB.itcanhelpresearchersbetterpredictGreenland'sresponsetowarmingC.peopleshouldbemoresensitivetothechangesintheiceinGreenlandD.itisuncertainhowfasttheEarthchangeswithman-madeglobalwarming（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itiseasierfortoday'sscientiststofindancientlakedeposits.B.PeoplearesurprisedatthelandscapefeatureofGreenlandtoday.C.Researchersmeasurethechangingtemperaturesbydirectlyexaminingmud.D.Greenlandholdsenoughicethatmightonedaythreatenlifeincoastalcities.（4）Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.GreenlandUsedtoBeMuchGreenerB.EarthOnceExperiencedWarmPeriodsC.CoastalCitiesWarnedofComingDisastersD.NorthwestGreenland,APerfectDestination【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在古代沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一條微小線索揭開了格陵蘭島過去和未來氣候的大秘密。就在廣闊的格陵蘭冰原的西北邊緣，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了在最后一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代幸存下來的湖泥?，F(xiàn)在研究人員認(rèn)為，格陵蘭北部的冰蓋經(jīng)歷了比之前認(rèn)為的更強(qiáng)烈的變暖。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（間冰期）innorthwestGreenland.”在格陵蘭島西北部，泥漿和常見蒼蠅的殘骸記錄了兩次間冰期；以及第二段中的“Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.”盡管研究人員很早就知道這兩個(gè)時(shí)期——全新世早期和最后一次間冰期——在北極經(jīng)歷了變暖，但混合的蠅類表明格陵蘭島甚至比之前認(rèn)為的還要熱?？芍?，在前兩段中提到蒼蠅的殘骸是為了證明格陵蘭島的溫度比之前認(rèn)為的要高得多。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.”可知，這些新信息可以幫助研究人員更好地測量格陵蘭島對(duì)氣候變暖的敏感性。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.‘NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,’”

可知，格陵蘭島覆蓋了這個(gè)北極國家的80%，擁有相當(dāng)于全球海平面20英尺的冰。“格陵蘭西北部可能真的感覺很遙遠(yuǎn)，但冰蓋的變化將關(guān)系到世界上每個(gè)沿海城市的每個(gè)人?！惫蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。本文通過最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)——最后一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代幸存下來的湖泥及湖泥中的蒼蠅殘骸及其相關(guān)研究說明格陵蘭島之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“格陵蘭島曾經(jīng)更加綠色”。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook,theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens,whocollaboratedwithindustry,government,andenvironmentgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo'Sbiggestattractions.

Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.

Thewaterway'sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾車)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:"Mr.BuffaloRiver."Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasstilldeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.

JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver'sprotectororganization,BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989,afterorganizingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver's$100millionrestoration.

Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.（1）WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?A.

Awaterwayontheyearbook.

B.

Ariverheavilypolluted.C.

AgreatattractionofBuffalo's.

D.

Aplaceworthfightingfor.（2）WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed"Mr.BuffaloRiver"?A.

Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.B.

BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.C.

Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.D.

Becausetheriverwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.（3）Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?A.

Morethanhalfacentury.

B.

Justfourdecades.

C.

About30years.

D.

Only27years.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.

TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiver

B.

StanleySpisiak:The"Mr.BuffaloRiver"C.

ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiver

D.

Riverprotection:Alongwaytogo【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢復(fù)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.“；第二段中的”Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.“可知，theBuffaloRiver過去是一條被嚴(yán)重污染的河。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的”StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday，butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾車)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:‘Mr.BuffaloRiver.’"可知，Mr.Spisiak被稱為“Mr.BuffaloRiver”是因?yàn)樗贿z余力地保護(hù)這條河。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.”公眾對(duì)這條河的看法改變花了幾十年的時(shí)間；第二段中的“Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.”到了20世紀(jì)60年代，這條河被認(rèn)為是五大湖最嚴(yán)重的污染源之一。；以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，”到目前為止，布法羅河的水質(zhì)已經(jīng)恢復(fù)”可知，這條河花了多半個(gè)世紀(jì)才恢復(fù)。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段和第二段說明了theBuffaloRiver嚴(yán)重受污染的情況，第三、四段介紹了為改變污染狀況所做的努力，以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，butitisstillanongoingissue，assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinu