2026年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)清單——主旨大意題目錄目錄01知識(shí)腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識(shí)能力全解【知能解讀01】主旨大意題五年高考考情統(tǒng)計(jì)【知能解讀02】主旨大意題五年高考考情解讀【知能解讀03】主旨大意題五年高考考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)【知能解讀04】主旨大意題五年高考選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)【知能解讀05】閱讀理解滿(mǎn)分突破思維導(dǎo)圖03攻堅(jiān)指南·高頻考點(diǎn)突破【重難點(diǎn)突破01】段落大意題【重難點(diǎn)突破02】段落大意跟蹤訓(xùn)練【重難點(diǎn)突破03】文章大意題【重難點(diǎn)突破04】文章大意題跟蹤訓(xùn)練04避坑錦囊·易混易錯(cuò)診療【易混易錯(cuò)01】標(biāo)題概括題(記敘文)【易混易錯(cuò)02】標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【易混易錯(cuò)03】標(biāo)題概括題(說(shuō)明文)【易混易錯(cuò)04】標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【易混易錯(cuò)05】標(biāo)題概括題(議論文)【易混易錯(cuò)06】標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練05通法提煉·高頻思維拆解【方法技巧01】閱讀主旨大意題答題誤區(qū)【方法技巧02】閱讀主旨大意題誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)【方法技巧03】閱讀主旨大意題滿(mǎn)分策略01主旨大意題五年高考考情統(tǒng)計(jì)卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題猜測(cè)詞義題推理判斷題主旨大意題2025全國(guó)一卷71612025全國(guó)二卷81422024新課標(biāo)I卷91412024新課標(biāo)II卷91412024全國(guó)甲卷71612023新課標(biāo)I卷61712023新課標(biāo)II卷61712023全國(guó)甲卷81512023全國(guó)乙卷51812022新課標(biāo)I卷82412022新課標(biāo)II卷82412022全國(guó)甲卷81332022全國(guó)乙卷101312021新課標(biāo)I卷81422021新課標(biāo)II卷111212021全國(guó)甲卷51812021全國(guó)乙卷616202主旨大意題五年高考考情解讀1.題型概述主旨大意題是閱讀理解中考生失分最多的題目，因?yàn)樵擃?lèi)題目不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力,也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。題型主要包括標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。該類(lèi)題目在文章中沒(méi)有明顯的解題依據(jù),需要考生從文章中找出一些關(guān)鍵詞、信息句進(jìn)行加工概括,才能歸納出文章的主旨。2.題型特點(diǎn)主旨大意題考查的是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容深層次的理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，對(duì)整篇文章的主旨大意有一個(gè)較為清晰的印象。標(biāo)題歸納類(lèi)要求學(xué)生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題，文章大意題和段落大意題考查文章或段落的主旨大意。3.選材特點(diǎn)題材更加豐富多樣，涵蓋記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等各種文體，主題涉及社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、科技發(fā)展、文化交流、環(huán)境保護(hù)、人文歷史、健康生活等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，要求考生具備廣泛的知識(shí)背景。4.命題特點(diǎn)特殊疑問(wèn)句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題;通常涉及推斷作者態(tài)度、文章出處、文章類(lèi)型、寫(xiě)作意圖、下段話(huà)題等。主旨大意題旨在考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力，是閱讀理解中的高難度題。概括全文大意最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是把每段的大意串起來(lái)考慮。該類(lèi)題主要考查標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?2．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?3．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4．Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?5．Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?03主旨大意題五年高考考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)04主旨大意題五年高考選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1.正確選項(xiàng)特征同義替換與原文關(guān)鍵信息相同含義的不同表達(dá)信息歸納對(duì)分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行概括或比較正話(huà)反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)意思明了原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)比較簡(jiǎn)單2.干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容無(wú)中生有符合生活常識(shí)，但不是該文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意極其相似但是細(xì)節(jié)處與原文有些出入顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭或完全相反正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分和原文錯(cuò)誤以偏概全范圍過(guò)于狹窄，僅闡述文章的局部信息05閱讀理解滿(mǎn)分突破思維導(dǎo)圖01段落大意題1.題型解讀段落大意題主要考查考生用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問(wèn)段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。2.思維導(dǎo)圖02段落大意題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)二卷第34題)主題句在段中[1]Doesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes.…[2]Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries….[3]FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage’sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditemslikefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver’svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.[4]AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffoodwasteforevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled...[5]ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.[6]ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment…34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Whytheingredientswereused. B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.C.Whatthedishesweremadeof. D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.解析：第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞：What,paragraph5,mainlyabout。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第五段“ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.(值得注意的是，從技術(shù)上講，wastED的菜單上沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多數(shù)餐館永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)考慮供應(yīng)的肉類(lèi)部位和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。羽衣甘藍(lán)莖、魚(yú)頸肉、被挑揀的紅薯和黃瓜蒂等東西都被重新利用，在許多優(yōu)秀廚師的助力下，變成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介紹了wastED菜單上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘藍(lán)莖、魚(yú)頸肉、被挑揀的紅薯和黃瓜蒂等，所以本段主要講的是這些菜肴是由什么做成的。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案C。跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2024新課標(biāo)I卷第26題)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主題句[1]“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”…[2]Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.…[3]LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.[4]Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight…26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.解析：第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞：What,paragraph3,mainlytalkabout。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說(shuō)，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個(gè)月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)報(bào)告說(shuō)，她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過(guò)脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動(dòng)更容易，乘車(chē)更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要講述了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是Farber通過(guò)整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie，另一個(gè)是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動(dòng)和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說(shuō)明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案C。跟蹤訓(xùn)練3(2023全國(guó)乙卷第32題)主題句在段首[1]Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.[2]Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.…[3]Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.…32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.解析：第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞：What,thefirstparagraph,mainlyabout。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類(lèi)某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過(guò)文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩嗽?jīng)有過(guò)文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒(méi)有。寫(xiě)作是人類(lèi)較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會(huì)也不僅用文字，而且用物件來(lái)記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案A。03文章大意題1.命題特點(diǎn)文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開(kāi)的，把每個(gè)段落的主題句綜合起來(lái)就可以概括出全文的中心思想。該題型主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。2.設(shè)問(wèn)方式1.Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?2.Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?3.Whatisthepassage/textmainlyabout?4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?3.思維導(dǎo)圖4.答題策略題型一：利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：說(shuō)明文和議論文學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)注“首段”和“段首”。借鑒“七選五”小標(biāo)題類(lèi)型特點(diǎn)，段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段主旨大意，由此推斷段落大意。題型二：利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句，這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，確定主題句位置，進(jìn)而明確段落主旨大意。題型三：利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾，關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。題型四：利用段落沒(méi)有主題句推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時(shí)候段落沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。題型五：利用“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)推敲語(yǔ)篇主旨大意題技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時(shí)候段落沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。04文章大意題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第31題)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，還有一個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實(shí)時(shí)提供增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。”)”可知，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過(guò)云連接，對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2022全國(guó)甲卷第31題)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【答案】28-31ACCB【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的熱愛(ài)，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開(kāi)始周游世界，并在2008年開(kāi)始了前往南極洲的旅程。28.A。詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線(xiàn)詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線(xiàn)詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。29.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以在最后一刻買(mǎi)到從火地島附近島嶼前往南極洲的廉價(jià)船只)”可知，是一張折扣票價(jià)讓Ginni決定去南極洲旅行的。故選C。30.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(意識(shí)到這是一塊寶貴的土地，應(yīng)該受到人類(lèi)的尊重，這是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行結(jié)束后，Ginni認(rèn)為南極洲應(yīng)該得到很好的保護(hù)。故選C。31.B主旨大意題。通讀全文，本文開(kāi)頭就提到Ginni剛抵達(dá)南極洲時(shí)，溫柔可愛(ài)的企鵝就開(kāi)啟了她終生難忘的旅行，接著下文講述了她去南極洲的原因、在南極洲的所見(jiàn)所聞及南極洲之旅后的感受。由此可知，文章主要講述Ginni的一次難忘的南極之旅，因此“一次難忘的經(jīng)歷(Anunforgettableexperience)”最能概括文章的主旨，故選B項(xiàng)。01標(biāo)題概括題(記敘文)1.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)記敘文標(biāo)題概括題題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。注意標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)：精準(zhǔn)性、概括性和新穎性。此類(lèi)標(biāo)題往往比較含蓄，有時(shí)候是文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，有時(shí)候是文章的線(xiàn)索詞。2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題策略首先，關(guān)注文章首尾段，尤其是尾段往往是夾敘夾議主題升華部分，與標(biāo)題更有千絲萬(wàn)縷關(guān)系。其次，逐一研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，考慮范圍是否太大太小太偏，兼顧文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的線(xiàn)索詞，特別是名詞。02標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練(2023新課標(biāo)II卷第27題)Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生通過(guò)體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說(shuō)，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“UrbanSprouts”學(xué)校花園項(xiàng)目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是UrbanSprouts的發(fā)起者。故選D。25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.(她說(shuō)?！八麄儊?lái)找我們，認(rèn)為蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆蟲(chóng)也很可怕?！彪m然有些人一開(kāi)始害怕昆蟲(chóng)，對(duì)泥土感到厭煩，但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知，項(xiàng)目之初，一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”(她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營(yíng)養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開(kāi)始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問(wèn)題。“他們走了出去，”她說(shuō)，“他們覺(jué)得成功。”)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開(kāi)創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對(duì)有情緒控制問(wèn)題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。27.主旨大意題。本文介紹了學(xué)校花園項(xiàng)目“UrbanSprouts”發(fā)起的目的、學(xué)生最初對(duì)它的反應(yīng)、項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)內(nèi)容以及它給學(xué)生的身心健康帶來(lái)的良好影響。由此推知,C項(xiàng)“變成蔬菜的愛(ài)好者”可以概括“UrbanSprouts”項(xiàng)目的作用,適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)答案注釋ARescuingSchoolGardens拯救學(xué)?；▓@項(xiàng)目干擾較大，rescue不合時(shí)宜BExperiencingCountryLife體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活偏離文章主題，忽視關(guān)鍵詞CGrowingVegetableLovers變成蔬菜愛(ài)好者涵蓋性強(qiáng)，緊扣本文主題DChangingLocalLandscape改變當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)景偏離主題，忽視文章話(huà)題03標(biāo)題概括題(說(shuō)明文)1.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)思維品質(zhì)體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的心智特征，而標(biāo)題概括題較好地反映了學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)。此類(lèi)題旨在考查考生通過(guò)閱讀文章正確獲取文章主旨，推斷文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查閱讀理解能力，又考查深層次的推理、概括能力。說(shuō)明文在高考閱讀理解中占比較高，應(yīng)引起足夠注意。2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題策略首先，特別關(guān)注說(shuō)明文“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章首段主題引領(lǐng)作用。其次，如果首段較長(zhǎng)的話(huà)，重視but,now,however往往是文章核心話(huà)題。第三，除了“首段”還應(yīng)注意每段“段首”可能是本段主題句，分要點(diǎn)。第四，注意研讀標(biāo)題的話(huà)題與首段對(duì)照，排除法逐步縮小范圍去偽存真。04標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2022全國(guó)甲卷第27題)首段首句概括文章主旨Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱(chēng)的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線(xiàn)索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions. B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor. B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole. D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee. B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys. D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters24-27BCDD【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種會(huì)識(shí)別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。24.B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第一段中的第二句Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.以及該段最后兩句...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.可知，鳳頭鸚鵡在籠子里使用工具很熟練，給它們形狀不同的“鑰匙”以供選擇，插入正確的“鑰匙”就能把盒子里的堅(jiān)果取出來(lái)。25.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage(在人類(lèi)身上，嬰兒從一歲左右就可以把一個(gè)圓形的物品放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里)”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知，一歲兒童最有可能完成“將一個(gè)球放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里”的任務(wù)。故選C。26.D。推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.(根據(jù)研究人員的說(shuō)法，下一步是嘗試弄清楚鳳頭鸚鵡是完全依靠視覺(jué)線(xiàn)索，還是也使用觸覺(jué)來(lái)選擇它們的形狀)”可推知，后續(xù)測(cè)試的目的是了解鳳頭鸚鵡在測(cè)試中是否使用觸覺(jué)。故選D。27.D。主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第一段“Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.(科芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于大洋洲的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識(shí)別能力與兩歲的人類(lèi)相似)”可推知，本文主要介紹了會(huì)識(shí)別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。D項(xiàng)“Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters(鳳頭鸚鵡：識(shí)別形狀的熟練工)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)答案注釋ACockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers鳳頭鸚鵡：快速錯(cuò)誤檢查者偏離文章主旨，忽視關(guān)鍵詞BCockatoos:IndependentLearners鳳頭鸚鵡：獨(dú)立自主學(xué)習(xí)者偏離文章主題，忽視關(guān)鍵詞CCockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers鳳頭鸚鵡：聰明信號(hào)閱讀者干擾性強(qiáng)，忽略首段主題DCockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters鳳頭鸚鵡：識(shí)別形狀的熟練工緊扣首段首句，言簡(jiǎn)意賅跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2022新高考Ⅰ卷第21題)首段引出話(huà)題，尾段概括主旨WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”P(pán)lantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.28.HowwasDetrinidad’sbusinesswhenitstarted?A.Itfacedtoughcompetition. B.Itsufferedagreatloss.C.Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport. D.Itwentsurprisinglywell.29.WhatisoneofKnuth’sfindingsaboutplants?A.Theyappealmoretostudents. B.Theypurifytheenvironment.C.Theyraisethecortisollevel. D.Theyenhanceproductivity.30.WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A.Thenecessityofsocialskills. B.Themeaningofsustainability.C.Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts. D.Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TimetoReplaceHouseplants B.PlantsBoostYourMoodC.TipsonChoosingHouseplants D.PlantsBrightenYourHome【答案】28.D29.D30.C31.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)Detrinidad的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷和專(zhuān)家研究，說(shuō)明室內(nèi)植物對(duì)人們心理健康和工作效率的積極影響，以及近年來(lái)居家趨勢(shì)推動(dòng)了室內(nèi)植物產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shipping