中考初中定語從句專題講解學(xué)案定語從句一、定語的概念：定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。比如：(先試試用橫線劃出下面短語中的定語，然后在后面的括號里注明是什么在作定語)abeautifulgirl （） ashoefactory （）Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar（） themanstandingatthedoor （） themanwhoistalkingwithSam（）二、定語從句的定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分三、定語從句的基本用法：（一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．who

指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時(shí)也作賓語。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行詞theboys在從句中作主語。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.

想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門口集合。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。

YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.

昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。

Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.

那就是教我們物理的老師。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Youneedn’ttalktothepeoplewhoyoudon’tliketalkingto.分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。2．whom

指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.

李明正是我想要見的男孩。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.

你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替，也可省略。

Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

譯成漢語：_________________________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Ilostthebookwhosecoverwasblue.我把那本封面是藍(lán)色的書弄丟了。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.譯成漢語:_________________________注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?＝Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?

自己總結(jié)一下：在定語從句中，whose+名詞＝___________________________4．which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.

制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.

譯成漢語:____________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.

湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

譯成漢語：___________________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.

他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒有。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。5．that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.

每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thepersonthat//youintroducedtomeisverykind.

你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。Theseasonthat/comesafterspringissummer.

春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/_______camefromAustralia.

昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。(二)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．

when

指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。?？梢杂胕n/on/at+which代替。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.

我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。

分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.

我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡單句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。

Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.

你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡單句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。2.where

指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。?？捎胕n/on/atwhich代替。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

上海是我出生的城市。把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡單句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡單句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.

我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy?

這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。注意：當(dāng)先行詞是situation,occasion,point時(shí)，且又在從句中作狀語時(shí)，常用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。Sometimesyouwillfindyourselfinasituationwhereyoufeltveryembarrassed（尷尬）.Hehasreachedapointwherenobodycancomparewithhim.3.why

指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。常可用forwhich來代替。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

請告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。分析：先行詞__________引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作________。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.

他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

譯成漢語：____________________

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：

Fromtheyearswhen(=______________)hewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.

自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長大后要做什么。Iwillneverforgetthemomentwhen(=______________)theblindstudentsmovedus.

Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere(=______________)theylive.

他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。

Thereasonwhy(=______________)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。四、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句注意：在非限制性定語從句中，有時(shí)which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子。XiaoLicametoseemeoff,whichwasverykindofher.Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichsurprisedus.五．定語從句考查重點(diǎn)：（一）定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人時(shí)可以用who/whom）1.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknow.ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.2.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時(shí)。Ihavereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.Thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.3.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。Itisthelastlessonthatwewilllearn.Thisistheverybookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary.4.當(dāng)先行詞是who,或which引導(dǎo)的主句時(shí)。Whothatbrokethewindowshouldbepunished.Whichisthemachinethatweusedyesterday.5.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。Ihaveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.(二)不用that的情況(1)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(2)介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.（三）關(guān)系代詞的省略：Thefactorywevisitedyesterdaywasreallyold.(請將省略的關(guān)系代詞補(bǔ)充在正確的位置)ThemanyoujusttalkedtowasmyEnglishteacher.(請將省略的關(guān)系代詞補(bǔ)充在正確的位置)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_________時(shí)可以省略。（四）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.＝Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.＝Thisistheboy________________Iplayedtennisyesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.＝We’llgotohearthefamoussinger________________wehaveoftentalked.我們將去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?。注意：１．含有介詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who,that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。（四）當(dāng)先行詞被oneof修飾時(shí)，若oneof前有theonly，則從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，沒有的話則用復(fù)數(shù)。Heisoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.（五）先行詞是時(shí)間卻不用when引導(dǎo)，先行詞是地點(diǎn)卻不用where引導(dǎo)，先行詞是原因卻不用why引導(dǎo)。Iwillneverforgetthedays________weclimbedthemountaintogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolive.Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolivein.Thisisthereason_______hewasunhappy.

Thisisthereason_______heexplainedtome.（六）當(dāng)先行詞被such,thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。thesame…as；such…as中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和……一樣……。Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).（七）以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篢heway________heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。Idon’tliketheway______________youlaughather.

我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。練習(xí)一()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whose B.who’sC.it's D.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.Ineed C.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that 練習(xí)二1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A.which

B.what

C.as

D.those2.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.

A.that

B.where

C.inwhich

D.inthat

3.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhich

B.that

C.allthat

D.which4.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whose

B.ofwhich

C.inwhich

D.onwhich5.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.what6.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.

A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what7.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist____wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that8.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.

A.whoissinging

B.issinging

C.sang

D.wassinging9.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learn

B.who

C.thatlearns

D.wholearn10.Didn’tyouseetheman________?

A.Inoddedjustnow

B.whomInoddedjustnow

C.Inoddedtohimjustnow

D.Inoddedtojustnow11.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalked

B.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwith

D.youtalkedabout12.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelonged

B.thatbelongs

C.thatbelong

D.whichbelongs13.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”

A.that

B.which

C.theone

D.theonewhat14.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.

A.theones

B.ones

C.some

D.theothers15.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.

A.which

B.where

C.onwhich

D.inthat16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.

A.where

B.inwhich

C.underwhich

D.which17.Antarctic（南極）_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.aboutwhich18.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.which

B.when

C.onwhich

D.aboutwhich19.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.where20.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedat

B.wherewestayedat

C.westayed

D.inthatwestayed練習(xí)三1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen課后練習(xí)參考答案及解析1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2．C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。5．A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語。6．C.解析同第5題。7.A.解析見第3題。8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語從句中作狀語,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語.12.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamousfor"以……..而聞名".26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。29.D.forwhich在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why來替代.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter構(gòu)成一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位，也不能將that改成because，盡管that這個(gè)詞在譯文中可能有“因?yàn)椤钡暮x。32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.33.A.解釋見28題.34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.bothofwhich用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。本題中as作從句的主語.36.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.37.D.38.D.解析見35題.39.A.hemakes是定語從句,從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定語從句.41.A.whathappened是賓語從句.all之后thatheknew是定語從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.42.D.years是表示時(shí)間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時(shí)間狀語.第二個(gè)空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.43.C.本句話的定語從句是whoowncars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語是Thenumberof指“…..的數(shù)目”，是單數(shù)概念。因此，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用is。44.D.thatfollowed是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語。45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾，關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which。46.B.throughwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語從句，并作從句的主語。47.B.為便于理解，改寫本句話：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出，作表語的theschool是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語從句，因?yàn)閠hat同時(shí)又作visited的賓語，所以被省略了。其它選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對。48.A.解釋見35題。49.C.因?yàn)槭莟woballpens,并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數(shù)概念。因此，C是正確選項(xiàng)。50.B.本句話中，主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。因此，其謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)的hasbeen。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作主語。二、英語書面表達(dá)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2．書面表達(dá)你即將升入高中，面臨寄宿（aboardingschool)和走讀（adayschool)兩類學(xué)校的選擇。請你以“Aboardingschooloradayschool”為題。寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容須包括：讀寄宿學(xué)校的利和弊；讀走讀學(xué)校的利和弊；你的選擇和理由（不得與上述兩點(diǎn)內(nèi)容重復(fù)）。注意：1.詞數(shù);100詞左右（文章開頭結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）；2.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名、校名等信息；3.文章必須包含提示中的所有信息，并按要求適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。AhoardingschooloradayschoolWearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschool,__________________________________【答案】Wearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschools,andwewillmakeachoicetoenteraboardingschooloradayschool.Bothkindsofschoolhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Ifwechooseaboardingschool,wewillsavetimetostudy.However,wemayhavelesstimetostaywithourfamily.Ifwechooseadayschool,parentscanknowmoreaboutourstudies.AtthesametimecomputergamesandTVplaysmaymakeabadinfluenceonus.Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool.Weshouldpayattentiontoourstudiestogetgoodgradesinthehighschool.【解析】【分析】整體分析：這是一篇給材料作文。可以分三段寫。第一段要寫總體交代你即將升入高中，面臨寄宿（aboardingschool)和走讀（adayschool)兩類學(xué)校的選擇。第二段要寫詳細(xì)敘述讀寄宿學(xué)校的利弊；讀走讀學(xué)校的利弊。第三段要表述作者自己的選擇和理由。【詳解】寫作之前要1.審清題目，看看有哪些要求？哪些時(shí)態(tài)？人稱？2.確定文章類型，記敘文？說明文？議論文？看圖？還是應(yīng)用文？3.確定時(shí)態(tài)，單一還是混合。4.寫下關(guān)鍵詞、短語、句型。5.列出提綱和段落，并運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)木湫秃瓦^渡詞銜接。6.根據(jù)提綱和段落結(jié)構(gòu)句型及關(guān)鍵詞句完成文章。寫完后反復(fù)閱讀修改推敲潤色，人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)一致等。運(yùn)用自然過渡法和自然銜接法來是文章更為地道、通順、純正。用的短語、句型：bothkindsof、Ifwechooseaboardingschool、Atthesametime、Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool、payattentionto、來增加了文章的亮點(diǎn)。【點(diǎn)睛】這類作文的寫作方法要注意認(rèn)真審題，注意過渡性語言的使用。做到：要點(diǎn)要全，表達(dá)要清晰明確，使用短語，句型要準(zhǔn)確，注意避免拼寫和語法錯(cuò)誤。3．同學(xué)們，初中生活即將結(jié)束，本次考試后，盼望已久的假期就要到來！請你根據(jù)以下提示，制定出度假計(jì)劃，可以結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際發(fā)揮。寫作內(nèi)容：1.和家長/同學(xué)一起旅游，享受大自然的美景，放松心情。2.參加志愿活動(dòng)，幫家長做家務(wù)。3.讀自己喜歡的書。4.遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)的地方。寫作要求：1.80詞左右，開頭部分已給出，但不計(jì)入規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)。2.內(nèi)容合理；要點(diǎn)齊全；句子及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)正確、連貫；書寫規(guī)范。3.不得出現(xiàn)自己的校名和自己的姓名等個(gè)人信息。Myjuniorhighschoolyearsarecomingtoanend.Thesummerholidayisontheway.Herearemyplansforthelongexcitingholidays.【答案】Myjuniorhighschoolyearsarecomingtoanend.Thesummerholidayisontheway.Herearemyplansforthelongexcitingholidays.BecauseIhaveabusylifeinschooldays,Iwillgetclosetonatureandrelaxmyselfwithmyparents.Iwillvolunteertodosomethingforothers.Iwillstaywithmyparentsandhelpmyparentstodosomehouseworkinmyfree.Iwillalsoreadeverymorning.Fromthebooks,Icangetmoreknowledgetofulfillmyself.Ialsodecidetohaveagoodsleepduringthevacation.Idecidetotakepartinsomesocialactivitiesinordertoknowabouttherealsociety.Iwillstayawayfromdangerousplaces.Besides,Iwillkeepadiaryandthentakeittoschoolforsharingwithmyclassmates.I'msureI'llhaveaninterestingandmeaningfulsummerholiday.【解析】試題分析：短文要制定出度假計(jì)劃，文章需要用第一人稱“I”進(jìn)行書寫，不可使用“we/you”等其他人稱。文章主要內(nèi)容為計(jì)劃的書寫，主要使用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。所寫的句子要符合英語語法，不能遺漏要點(diǎn)。寫作亮點(diǎn)：短文用了一些短語和句式，如：cometoanend結(jié)束；ontheway在途中；getclosetonature親近大自然；volunteertodosomething自愿做某事；helpsbtodosth幫助某人做某事；takepartinsth參加活動(dòng)。用了一些銜接詞besides等，句子過度自然。用了because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，增加了文章的亮點(diǎn)。考點(diǎn)：考查提綱作文。4．為提升南京城市形象，我市已啟動(dòng)老小區(qū)出新改造工程。假設(shè)你是Tim，請根據(jù)下面表格內(nèi)容的提示，用英文向你的外國筆友Jack做簡單的介紹。PurposeimprovetheenvironmentChangestopeople?slifebeautifulbuildings,…Problemslotsofnoise,rubbishYouradvice…注意：1.文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；2.語言通順，意思連貫，條理清楚，書寫規(guī)范；3詞數(shù)80左右，開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.Thisprojectisaimtoimprovetheenvironment.Afterthisproject,therewillbemorebeautifulbuildings,someparksa