Unit3OurdigitallivesSection4Focusingculture,Cross-curricularconnection,Project滬教版2024

英語（八年級(jí)上）學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Icantalkaboutthehistoryofcomputers,understandhowdigitaltechnologychangesourlives.improvemydigitalliteracy.analysethepositiveandnegativeeffectsoftheinternetondailylife?01新課導(dǎo)入03應(yīng)用實(shí)踐06回顧總結(jié)07隨堂小練02學(xué)習(xí)理解04遷移創(chuàng)新05考點(diǎn)速遞學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容新課導(dǎo)入1Wecanuseitto……Whatcanweuseacomputertodo?Freetalksende-mailsListentomusicplaycomputergamesComputerscanbeusedinourdailylife.Wecanuseitto……Whatcanweuseacomputertodo?chatshoponlinehaveameetingonlineWecanuseitto……Whatcanweuseacomputertodo?OperaterailwaysflyplanesandspaceshipscontrolrobotCharlesBabbageandAdaLovelacedesignedthefirstprogrammedmachineinBritain.Adawasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.ThedevelopmentprocessofcomputersSincecomputerscanbeusedinourdailylife.DoyouknowhowcomputersdevelopedAdaLovelaceThefounderofcomputerprogramsCharlesBabbageEarlycomputerswerebuiltasbigasaroom.Withtheinventionofthemicrochipin1970,Computersbecamefasterandsmaller

ThedevelopmentprocessofcomputersasbigasaroomThefirstPCforhomeusecameoutin1980.Latersmartphonesarrivedandbecamesmallcomputers.ThedevelopmentprocessofcomputersInthefuture,computersmaybetiny(eveninclothes).Quantumcomputers(量子計(jì)算機(jī)）

willbethenextbigbreakthrough,muchfasterandmorepowerful.Thedevelopmentprocessofcomputers學(xué)習(xí)理解02Howhasdigitaltechnologychangedtheworld?ThinkFocusingoncultureComputertechnologydevelopsquicklyandhaschangedourworldgreatly.Let'sexplorethehistoryofcomputersReadthetexttofindouthowcomputershavedevelopedovertheyears.ThestoryofthecomputerAcomputerisanymachinethatcanbeprogrammedwithasetofinstructions.1837InBritain,thefirstmachinewithaprogramwasdesignedbyCharlesBabbageandhisstudentAdaLovelace.Charleswantedamachinetoaddupbignumbers,butAdarealizedthatacomputerprogramcoulddoalotmore.Shewasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.1936BritishscientistAlanTuringreadAda'sideasandcreatedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.TheTuringmachinecoulddoallkindsofcalculations,anditcouldalsorundifferentprograms.Thisisthebasisforallmodemcomputers.1940sScientistsbuiltearlycomputersinEnglandandGermany.Theywerethesizeofaroom!1981AUScompanydesignedthefirstPC(personalcomputer)forthegeneralpublic.Expertsdidn'tbelievethatanybodywantedacomputerathome.Butintwoyearstheysoldthousandsofthem.1971TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemicroprocessor,or“microchip”.Thiswasamajorbreakthroughinthehistoryofcomputers.Thankstothemicrochip,computersandotherelectronicdevicesgotfasterandsmallerveryquickly.1990s-presentSmartphones—phoneswithcomputersoftware—arrived!Today’ssmartphonescanconnecttotheinternetandrunallkindsofdifferentapps-inotherwords,theyaresmallcomputers.Thearrivalofsmartphoneshasstartedaneweraindigitaltechnology.Expressionssuchas“Wi·Fi”

“download”and“app”havebecomepartofourdailylives.ThefutureComputertechnologycontinuestodevelop.Somecomputerswillbetiny—perhapswewillevenhavecomputersinourclothes.Scientistsbelievethatquantumcomputers(量子計(jì)算機(jī))willbethenextbigbreakthrough.Theywillbemanytimesfasterthantoday'scomputers,andmuchmorepowerful.NotesInMay2021,ChineseresearchersbuiltapowerfulquantumcomputercalledZuchongzhi.Quantumcomputersareanewtypeofcomputer.Theymakecalculationswithhelpofthequantummechanics(量子力學(xué)).TimeDevelopment1837CharlesBabbageandAdaLovelacedesigned_________________________inBritain.Adawasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.1936AlanTuringcreatedtheTuringmachine,thebaseof__________________.1940sEarlycomputerswerebuiltin___________________,asbigasaroom.1971TedHoffinventedthemicrochip.Computersbecamefasterandsmaller.1981_____________forhomeusecameout.Thousandsweresoldintwoyears.1990s-nowSmartphonesarrivedandbecamesmallcomputers.Wordslike"Wi-Fi"and"app"arepartofdailylife.FutureComputersmaybetiny(eveninclothes)._________________willbethenextbigbreakthrough,muchfasterandmorepowerful.thefirstprogrammedmachinemoderncomputersEnglandandGermanyThefirstPCQuantumcomputersReadandfillthefollowingform1.Whowasthefirstcomputerprogrammer?A.CharlesBabbageB.AdaLovelaceC.AlanTuringD.TedHoff2.WhatdidAlanTuringcreatein1936?A.ThefirstPCforthepublicB.ThemicroprocessorC.TheTuringmachineD.Thefirstsmartphone3.Whywereearlycomputersinthe1940sspecial?A.TheywereassmallasaphoneB.TheywerethesizeofaroomC.TheycouldrunsmartphoneappsD.TheyhadmicrochipsReadthe

text

and

choose

the

right

answer.4.WhendidthefirstPCforordinarypeopleappear?A.In1971B.In1981C.Inthe1990sD.In18375.Whatdoscientiststhinkaboutquantumcomputers?A.Theywillbeslowerthantoday’scomputersB.TheywillbethenextbigbreakthroughC.TheywillonlybeusedinclothesD.Theyarealreadypopularnow6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thehistoryanddevelopmentofcomputers.B.Famousscientistswhoinventedcomputers.C.Howtousemoderncomputersandsmartphones.D.Theproblemsofearlycomputersinthe1940s.2Answerthequestionsbelowwiththeinformationfromthetextonpage46.(1)WhatdidCharlesBabbageandAdaLovelacedoin1837?(2)WhowasAlanTuringandwhatdidhedo?TheydesignedthefirstmachinewithaprograminBritain.Charleswantedittoaddupbignumbers,andAdarealizedcomputerprogramscoulddomore.AlanTuringwasaBritishscientist.HecreatedtheTuringmachinein1936,whichbecamethebasicdesignforallmoderncomputers.(3)WhowasTedHoff?Whathappenedafterhisinvention?(4)Whatwillbethenextbigbreakthroughincomputertechnology?

TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemmicroprocessor/microchipin1971.Afterhisinvention,computersandelectronicdevicesbecamefasterandsmallerquickly.Scientistsbelievequantumcomputerswillbethenextbigbreakthrough.Theywillbemuchfasterandmorepowerfulthantoday'scomputers.應(yīng)用實(shí)踐033Findthewordsandthephraseinthetextandmatchthemwiththeirmeanings.(1)major(2)thegeneralpublic(3)era(4)software(5)downloadaprogramsonacomputer,phone,etc.baparticularperiodinhistorycpeopleinsocietydtogetdata,files,software,etc.fromtheinternetegreaterormoreimportantThedevelopmentofcomputershasseenmajorsteps.In1837,thefirstprogrammedmachineappeared,butitwasn’tuntil1981thatthefirstPCwasdesignedfor_______________.Thoughexpertsdoubtedpeoplewouldwanthomecomputers,thousandsweresoldquickly.

Inthe1990s,smartphoneswithcomputer________arrived,startinganewdigital_______.Thesephonescan_______totheinternet,runapps,andletusers_________thingseasily.Wordslike"download"and"software"havebecomepartofourdailylives,showinghowcomputershavechangedtheworld.connectthegeneralpublicerasoftwaredownloadthegeneralpublicsoftwareeraconnectdownload短文選詞填空遷移創(chuàng)新04......Overtoyou4Howhavesmartphoneschangedourdailylives?Howwilltheycontinuetochangeourdailylives?Shareyourideaswiththeclass.Smartphoneshavechangedourlivesalot.First,theyhelpusstayintouchwithotherseasily.Forexample,wecanchatwithfriendsonWeChatormakevideocallsanytime,anywhere.Second,theymakestudyingeasier.Wecanuseappstolookupwords,watchonlinelessons,ordohomework.Also,wecanshoponline,paybills,andevenorderfoodwithsmartphones.Inthefuture,smartphonesmaychangeourlivesmore.Maybetheycancheckourhealth.Forexample,theycantellusifwedon’tsleepwellorneedtoexercise.Theymightalsohelpustravelbetter—forexample,showingthebestwaytoavoidtrafficjams.Someday,smartphonescouldevenconnecttoourhomedevices,sowecanturnontheairconditionerorlockthedoorfromfaraway.

Inshort,smartphonesmakeourlivesconvenientnow,andtheywillbringmoresurprisesinthefuture!考點(diǎn)速遞051.BritishscientistAlanTuringreadAda'sideasandcreatedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.英國科學(xué)家艾倫·圖靈研讀了艾達(dá)的思想，并發(fā)明了圖靈機(jī)，這是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的基本設(shè)計(jì)。basicadj基礎(chǔ)的，基本的；最簡單的，初級(jí)的ThecourseteachesbasicEnglishgrammar.這門課教授基礎(chǔ)英語語法。It’simportanttolearnbasicfirstaidskills.學(xué)習(xí)基本的急救技能很重要。

basis（名詞）基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)；基準(zhǔn)；方式Trustisthebasisofagoodrelationship.信任是良好關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。常用搭配onthebasisof（根據(jù)，在……基礎(chǔ)上）base動(dòng)詞。以……為基礎(chǔ)；把……建立在……上be

basedon以……為依據(jù).建立在….基礎(chǔ)之上（初一已學(xué)）2.Thiswasamajorbreakthroughinthehistoryofcomputers.Thankstothemicrochip,computersandotherelectronicdevicesgotfasterandsmallerveryquickly.這是計(jì)算機(jī)歷史上的一個(gè)重大突破。得益于微芯片，計(jì)算機(jī)和其他電子設(shè)備迅速變得更快、更小。major作形容詞（adj.）主要的；重要的；多數(shù)的Englishisoneofthemajorlanguagesspokenworldwide.英語是世界上使用最廣泛的主要語言之一。Amajorpartofourbudgetgoestoeducation.我們預(yù)算的大部分用于教育。major作動(dòng)詞（v.）主修（大學(xué)專業(yè)）常用搭配“majorin+學(xué)科”，主語通常是人。HemajoredinhistoryatHarvard.他在哈佛大學(xué)主修歷史。Whatdidyoumajorinduringcollege?你大學(xué)主修什么？breakthrough是名詞，“突破；重大進(jìn)展；重要發(fā)現(xiàn)”Scientistshavemadeamajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofcancer.

科學(xué)家在癌癥治療方面取得了重大突破。Aftermonthsofnegotiations,theyfinallyachievedabreakthroughonthetradeissue.經(jīng)過數(shù)月談判，他們終于在貿(mào)易問題上取得了突破。Thisinventionisabreakthroughinrenewableenergytechnology.這項(xiàng)發(fā)明是可再生能源技術(shù)的一大突破。1.electricity（名詞）電；電流；電能

Wecan’tlivewithout

electricity.我們的生活離不開電。Thestormcutoffthe

electricity.暴風(fēng)雨導(dǎo)致停電。2.electric（形容詞）帶電的；用電的；電動(dòng)的

An

electric

carrunsonbatteries.電動(dòng)汽車靠電池驅(qū)動(dòng)。Hefixedthe

electric

kettle.他修好了電水壺。3.electrical（形容詞）與電相關(guān)的；電氣科學(xué)的；電力系統(tǒng)的

Shestudied

electrical

engineering.

她學(xué)習(xí)電氣工程。Thebuildinghas

electrical

problems.這座建筑的電路系統(tǒng)有問題。4.electronic（形容詞）電子的；電子設(shè)備的特指通過電子電路或芯片運(yùn)行的設(shè)備或系統(tǒng)（需編程或數(shù)據(jù)處理）。

Ipreferreading

electronic

books.我更喜歡讀電子書。Ourcompanydevelops

electronic

components.我們公司開發(fā)電子元件。詞詞性核心區(qū)別例詞/場(chǎng)景electric形容詞直接依賴電運(yùn)行的具體物品電燈electriclight電車electrictrainelectrical形容詞與電相關(guān)的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域或系統(tǒng)電氣工程師electricalengineer電路electricalcircuitelectronic形容詞基于電子技術(shù)、需數(shù)據(jù)處理的設(shè)備智能手機(jī)electronicphone電腦electronicdeviceelectricity名詞電（能量形式）本身發(fā)電generateelectricity

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒electric和electrical：電燈泡是electricbulb直接用電發(fā)光；電力工程師是electricalengineer涉及電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)electronic和electric：電視機(jī)是electronicdevice(需芯片和數(shù)據(jù)處理）；電吹風(fēng)是electricappliance（僅用電發(fā)熱/轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）。3.Thearrivalofsmartphoneshasstartedaneweraindigitaltechnology.Expressionssuchas“Wi·Fi”

“download”and“app”havebecomepartofourdailylives.智能手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)開啟了數(shù)字技術(shù)的新紀(jì)元?！癢i·Fi”、“下載”和“應(yīng)用”等詞匯已成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。era是名詞，核心含義為“時(shí)代；年代；紀(jì)元”，TheinventionoftheInternetmarkedthebeginningofanewera.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)明標(biāo)志著一個(gè)新時(shí)代的開始。Weliveintheeraofartificialintelligence.我們生活在人工智能時(shí)代。TheRenaissancewasanimportanterainEuropeanhistory.文藝復(fù)興是歐洲歷史上的一個(gè)重要時(shí)代。4.Scientistsbelievethatquantumcomputers(量子計(jì)算機(jī))willbethenextbigbreakthrough.Theywillbemanytimesfasterthantoday'scomputers,andmuchmorepowerful.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，量子計(jì)算機(jī)將是下一個(gè)重大突破。它們將比當(dāng)今的計(jì)算機(jī)快許多倍，且功能更強(qiáng)大。表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)用法基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：倍數(shù)詞+as+原級(jí)+as含義：A是B的幾

倍（強(qiáng)調(diào)“A和B在某方面的數(shù)量/程度對(duì)比，A為B的幾倍”）。常見倍數(shù)詞：twice（兩倍）、threetimes（三倍）、fourtimes（四倍）等，也可用分?jǐn)?shù)（half“一半”）或百分?jǐn)?shù)。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍大。Thenewmachinerunsthreetimesasfastastheoldone.新機(jī)器的運(yùn)行速度是舊機(jī)器的三倍。比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：倍數(shù)詞+比較級(jí)+than含義：A比B大/多/快X倍。注意：英語中“倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than”=中文“比……多X倍”（即“A的總量是B的X+1倍”），但實(shí)際使用中常簡化為“是……的X+1倍”。Theriveristwicelongerthanthatone.這條河比那條河長兩倍。=這條河是那條河的三倍長。Thecompany’sprofitsthisyeararefourtimeshigherthanlastyear.公司今年的利潤比去年高四倍。=是去年的五倍。Thisbuildingisthreetimestallerthanthelibrary.這棟樓比圖書館高三倍。=是圖書館的四倍高。much在此句中用作程度副詞，修飾morepowerful。much常放在形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的前面，表示比較級(jí)的程度，一般翻譯為“……得（的）多”能修飾比較級(jí)的程度副詞還有（按程度大小排列）：alittle/abit(一點(diǎn))still/even(更)far/much/alot(……得/的多)例如：alittletaller高一點(diǎn)still/eventaller更高

far/much/alottaller高得多我媽媽每天早上起床比我爸爸早得多。Mymothergetsupmuchearlierthanmyfathereverymorning.Cross-curricularconnectionIInformationtechnologyLiteracyistheabilitytoreadandwrite.Nowadays,wealsotalkaboutdigitalliteracy：Intoday'sworld,thisisaveryimportantskill.Readthearticleaboutdigitalliteracyandtick(√)thecorrectstatementsaboutit.DigitalliteracyWhatisdigitalliteracy?Hereareafewimportantpartsofdigitalliteracy.FindingandusingdigitalcontentItiseasiertofindinformationonlinethaninprintbooks.However,weneedtobecarefulwhenwelookthingsupontheinternet.Firstly,thereisalotofsubjectiveinformationonline,sowecannottrusteverythingweread.Secondly,thereissomuchcontentontheweb,andthismakesitdifficulttoevaluate(評(píng)價(jià))information,anditiseasytoformbiased(片面的)opinions.CreatingdigitalcontentToday,wealsocreatenewcontentonline.Writingpostsandcommentsisanimportantwaytocommunicateonline.Thethingswepublishontheinternetcontainmorethanjusttext.Wecanalsouseemojis,picturesandvideostoexpressourselves.Thismakesouronlinemessagesmoreinterestingtoread.CommunicatingandsharingcontentWhenwewriteemails,postsandcomments,wecancommunicatewithalargenumberofpeople.Theinternetisaverypowerfultool,butweneedtousethistoolinagoodway.Weshouldalwaysbekindtoothersonline,especiallypeoplewedonotknow.Ifwecommunicateintherightway,wecanhaveapositiveeffectonpeople'slives.Ontheotherhand,wecanhurtotherswithmeancommentsonline.Digitalliteracymeanstheability:tofindandusereliableonlineinformation.toreade-books.tocreateonlinecontent,suchaswritingpostsandblogs.tochatonlinewithfamilyandfriends.toshareideasandcommunicatewithothersonline.tobehavewellonline.ProjectSettinguprulesforusingdigitaldevicesDigitaldeviceshavebecomeanimportantpartofdailylife.however,weneedtomakesureweusetheminasensibleway.Inthisproject,youaregoingtomakealistofrulesforusingdigitaldevicesathome.Step1Howdothemembersofyourfamilyusedigitaldevicesathome?Completethetablebelow. Step2Workingroups.Comparehowyouandyourfamilymembersusedigitaldevices.Thenmakealistofrulesforusingdigitaldevicesathome.?Howmuchtimemayeachfamilymemberspendontheirdigitaldevicesperday??Whatshould/maytheyusetheirdigitaldevicesfor??Shouldtherebea“device-free”timeeveryday?Why/whynot??Whoisresponsibleforcheckingthateveryonefollowstherules??Whathappensifsomeonebreakstherules?Step3Discusstheruleswithyourparents.Thenrevisethembasedontheirsuggestions.Step4Introducetherulesathome.Keepajournalforaweekandnotedownhowwelltheruleswork.FamilyrulesWhoisresponsible?Ifsomeonedoesn'tfollowtherules,wewill...Date：Checkedby：Step5Discussyourresultsingroups.Howwelldidtheruleswork?Didtheymakeanydifference?Shareyourfindingswiththeclass.WitscornerWeareallnowconnectedbytheinternet,likeneuronsinagiantbrain.—StephenHawking回顧總結(jié)06一、學(xué)習(xí)和掌握本節(jié)所出現(xiàn)的單詞和短語。二、閱讀和了解關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展史的文章，了解計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程。三、跨學(xué)科（信息學(xué)）了解數(shù)字素養(yǎng)的核心要素，引導(dǎo)我們正確處理

數(shù)字時(shí)代的信息獲取、創(chuàng)作與交流。四、學(xué)習(xí)制作創(chuàng)建合適運(yùn)用數(shù)碼設(shè)備的規(guī)則，引導(dǎo)我們自己正確合適

使用數(shù)碼設(shè)備。課堂小練07一、根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母完成單詞。1.Thejournalistwill_______（采訪）thefootballstartomorrow.I'mreallylookingforwardtoreadingthereport.2.Keepinga_______(積極的）attitudecanhelpyouovercomedifficultiesmoreeasily.3.This________（軟件）canhelpyoueditphotoseasily.4.Wearelivinginan_____（時(shí)代）ofrapidtechnologicaldevelopment.5.Weshouldrespecteachother’so________evenifwedon'tagree.6.Pleasedon'tmakeunkindc________aboutothers.It’simpolite.7.Readingandwritingareb_______skillsforstudents.8.Mathisoneofthe________（主要的）subjectsinmiddleschool.interviewpositivesoftwareeraopinionscomments

basicmajor

9.Thisn_______tellsatouchingstoryaboutfriendship.10.Hisnewinventionisarealb_________inthisfield.11.Takingexerciseregularlyhasagoode_______onyourhealth.12.Don'talwayshaven_______ideas.Trytoseethebrightsideofthings.13.Youcand________thisfreeappfromtheappstore.14.Youshouldpayattentiontoyourw______.Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodisnotgoodforyou.15.Myfatherboughtmead_______cameraasabirthdaygift.Icantakebeautifulphotoswithit.16.Takingpartins_______activitiescanhelpyoumakemorefriends.novelbreakthrough

effect

negativedownloadweightdigital

social二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.The__________isworkinghardondevelopingauseful_________forstudents.（programme）2.An___________(electron)productlikesmartphonesisverypopularamongteenagers.3.Weshouldmakedecisionsonthe_____offacts,notjustourguesses.(basic)4.Our_______knowledgeofscienceis_______onyearsofstudyandexperiments.(base)5.The_______oftheschoolbusmadeallthestudentshappy,andtheyquickly_________attheschoolgatetogetonit.(arrive)6.Theelephantismuch_____________(power)thantherabbit.Itcaneasilymovebiglogswithitstrunk.programmer

programmeelectronic

basisbasicbased

arrivalarrivedmuchpowerful7.Ihaveafriendfrom________.Hecanspeak________verywellandoftentellsmeinterestingthingsabouthiscountry.8.Iwanttoknowthe_______ofthisbox,soIwill______itwithascale.(weigh)9.Lackofsleepcan_______yourstudyefficiency,anditmayhaveabad_____

onyourgrades.(effect)10.Weshoulddevelopgood______skillstofitinwellwith_________whenwegrowup.(social)11.Tomis_____________thanhisbrotherinfacingdifficulties.12.Amongallthestarswecanseeinthesky,theonethatlooks_________mightbethefarthestaway.GermanyGermanweightweigh

affecteffect

socialsocietymorepositivethetiniest