閱讀專項(xiàng)——說(shuō)明文閱讀一：Everydogshouldlearnthemand(命令)“no”.Whenthedoghears“no”,sheshouldstopdoingwhatsheisdoingbeforeshehurts(傷害)herself,hurtsyouorsomeoneelse,orbreaksthings.Sometimesgivingthemandwithbodylanguages(語(yǔ)言)isuseful.Themandwillhelpyourdoglearnalittleselfcontrol(自控).Herearesomethingsthatyoucando.ShowyourdogthebehaviorToteachthedog“no”,beginbyshowingherthebehavior(行為)youwanthertoknow.Forexample,showheratreatinyourhand,andthensay“no”beforeclosingyourfist(拳頭)aroundthetreat.Lethersmellatyourhand,butdon’tgiveherthetreat.Ifshestopstryingandturnsaway,giveheratreatfromyourotherhand.HavepatienceYoucandotheexercisetentimesorevenmorebeforeyourdogunderstandsthatshegetsthetreatbyleavingyourclosedhandalone.Staypatientenoughwithher,andalwaysgiveagoodtreatifshecandoitwell.3.______________Yourdogwillunderstandyoubywatchingwhatyouaredoing.So,watchyourbodylanguage.Standtallandgivethemandinastrongvoice,butdon’ttrytomakeherangry.Youwanthertounderstandandfollowthemand,nottomakeherafraid.Teachyourdogtofollowthemandwiththetreatonthefloor“No”iseasierwhenyourdogcan’treachthetreatanyway(whenit’sinyourfist).Thenextstepistoplacethetreatonthefloorwithyourhand.Youmayhavetostartwithyourhandpletelyaroundthetreat,butoversometimes,beginliftingyourhanduntilshestopswhenyousay“no”evenwiththetreatintheopen.單詞mand/k??mɑ?nd/n.(給人或動(dòng)物的)命令；指令；控制v.命令；指揮，居高臨下地掌控復(fù)數(shù)：mands第三人稱單數(shù)：mands現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：manding過(guò)去式：manded過(guò)去分詞：mandedfist/f?st/n.拳頭；拳vt.緊握；握成拳；用拳打復(fù)數(shù)：fists第三人稱單數(shù)：fists現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：fisting過(guò)去式：fisted過(guò)去分詞：fistedpletely/k?m?pli?tli/adv.完全地；完整地；徹底地...ompleteadj.齊全的+ly...地習(xí)題1．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputin________?A．Talktoyourdoggently B．BecarefulwithyourbodylanguageC．Makefriendswithyourdog D．Teachyourdogtofollowyouallthetime2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Dogsalwaysgethurtandcan’tcontrolthemselves.B．Peoplelikeplayingtricksontheirownpetdogs.C．It’sveryeasytoteachadogtounderstandherowner.D．Givingdogsatreatisveryimportantwhenteaching“no”.3．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Teachingpetdogstounderstand“no”. B．Showingthewaystolivewithdogs.C．Stoppingdogshurtingpeoplearoundthem. D．Showingthelovebetweenanimalsandpeople.閱讀二：AlllivingthingsonEarthneedwatertolive,sowaterisveryimportant.Infact,thewateronEarthismovingaroundallthetime.Thewatercycle(循環(huán))isanaturalcoursethattakeswaterfromthegroundandtheskyandbringsitbacktoEarthagain.ThiscourseallowswatertomovefromonepartofEarthtoanother.ItisacyclethathappensthewholeyearandismostactiveinsummeratthemouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Inthisarticle,wewillexplore(探索)thewatercycleanddiscussitsimportanceforEarth.Thewatercyclealwaysbeginswithwatervapour(蒸汽).Whenit’shotoutside,youcanseecloudsforminginthesky.Thesecloudsaremadeofwatervapourthatesfromtheground,plantsandrivers.Aswatervapourrisesintothesky,itcoolsdownandbeesclouds.Afterthat,cloudstravelthroughtheskyandfallbacktoEarthasrainorsnow.Then,waterrunsthroughriversandoceansandfinallyreturnstoEarthagainindifferentformslikerainwaterorsnow.ThewatercycleplaysanimportantpartinprotectingourEarth’sclimate(氣候).Itkeepsourclimatehealthy.Ontopofthat,ittakeswaterfromriversandoceansandbringsittotheareasthatdon’thaveenoughwater.Withoutthecycle,wewouldfacemanyproblems.Whenthereistoomuchwaterinoneplace,itbeesaflood.Whenwaterisbadlyinneed,itbeesadrought(旱災(zāi)).Besides,watervapourcantakeheatfromthesunandkeepourEarthcool.Thewatercycleisalsoanimportantnaturalcoursethatkeepsourplanetalivebecauseit’simportantforplantsandanimalstodrinkwaterandforourriverstostayflowingwithwater.Understandingthewatercyclecanhelpusenjoythebeautyofnature,knowhowourplanetworksanddevelopbetterwaystoprotectourEarth.Andthatisadutyweshouldtakeon.單詞discuss/d??sk?s/vt.討論；論述；談?wù)?；商量；詳述第三人稱單數(shù)：discusses現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：discussing過(guò)去式：discussed過(guò)去分詞：discussedprotect/pr??tekt/v.防護(hù)；實(shí)行貿(mào)易保護(hù)第三人稱單數(shù)：protects現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：protecting過(guò)去式：protected過(guò)去分詞：protectedclimate/?kla?m?t/n.氣候；氣候區(qū)；風(fēng)氣；傾向；思潮；環(huán)境氣氛復(fù)數(shù)：climatesdrought/dra?t/n.干旱；旱災(zāi)；久旱復(fù)數(shù)：droughts習(xí)題1．Thewatercyclemightbemostactivein________atthemouthoftheYangtzeRiverA．January B．April C．July D．December2．Whichfactsofthefollowingare,trueaccordingtothepassage?①WatervapourcankeepourEarthwarm.②WaterreturnstoEarthinonlyoneform.③Watervapourbeescloudswhenitcoolsdown.④Theremaybesomedisasterswithoutwatervapour.A．③④ B．②③ C．①② D．①④3．What’sthestructureofthispassage?(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2…)A． B． C． D．4．Inthelastparagraph,thewriterwantsusto________.A．savewater B．protectourEarth C．getclosetonature D．protectplantsandanimals閱讀練習(xí)練習(xí)一Manypeoplehavesuchafeelingintheirlife.Theyhavetoomanythingstodoeveryday,buttheydon’thaveenoughtime.Well,“nothavingenoughtime”isafeelingformanypeople.Everypersononlyhas24hoursaday,butsomepeopleputtoomanythingsinthe“timebox”.Howcanyouputallofthethingsintoyoursmall“timebox”?Youcandothatbymakingwhatyouhavetodoeasy.Makealistofallthethingsyoudoeveryday.Whatgamesdoyouplayonyourphoneortheputer?HowmuchtimedoyouspendonWeChatorQQ?HowlongdoyouwatchTVormovies?Thenmaybeyouwillfindyouputalotofuselessthingsintoyourbox.Whatcanyoudo?Takesomeoutandaskyourself:WhatamIgoingtodoifIcanonlydoonethingtoday?Thenjustdothemostimportantthingfirst.Itwillbehelpfultoyou.1．Whatdomanypeoplefeelintheirlife?A．Theydon’tknowwhatisimportant.B．They’retoobusytodowhattheylike.C．Therearelotsofboringthingstodo.D．Theyhavelittletimebuttoomanythingstodo.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ist”meaninChinese?A．答案 B．列表 C．筆記 D．選擇3．Whydoesthewriterasktwoquestionsinparagraph4?A．Totelluswhatthingswemustdoeveryday.B．Tohelpusknowhowtoworkandstudywell.C．Totellustodothemostimportantthingsfirst.D．Tohelpusknowwhatthingswecan’tdoeveryday.4．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A．Sports B．Problems C．Stories D．Games練習(xí)二①Theymaylooklikesomethingoutofanamazingmovie,butnarwhals(獨(dú)角鯨)areveryrealanimals.Herearesomefunfactsaboutnarwhals.②Narwhalschangecolorafewtimesduringtheirlives.Whenthey’reborn,mostbabynarwhalsarebluegray.Butastheygrowolder,theircolorchangestoblueblack,whileadultnarwhalsareusuallygraywithdarkspots.Oldnarwhalsarealmostallwhite.③Likeelephanttusks(長(zhǎng)牙),anarwhal’stuskisatooth.Itcangrowaslongas3meters.

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.Theyusetuskstoattractfemalenarwhals.Narwhalsalsousetheirtuskstohitfishsotheycancatchandeatfisheasily.Andsomenarwhalsevenhavetwotusks!④Narwhalsareamongthedeepestdiving(潛水)whales,reachingdepthsofabout1,500meters—althoughsomecanreachdepthsofover1,700meters,accordingtotheUniversityofWashington.Narwhalsusuallystaylessthan50metersfromthewater,however.Buttheycanstayunderwaterfor25minutesbeforeneedingtoeupforair!⑤LivinginthecoldArcticwatersofGreenland,Norway,RussiaandCanada,narwhalsdon’thaveadorsalfin(背鰭).Theabsence(缺乏)ofadorsalfinmakesthenarwhalpreventheatlossandhelpsthemtoswimundertheice.⑥Knownasthe“unicornsofthesea”,narwhalsarereallyinterestinganimalsyoumustwatchwhenyoutakeatriptotheArcticCircle.1．Whatcolorisayoungnarwhal?A．Bluegray. B．Blueblack.C．Almostallwhite. D．Graywithdarkerspots.2．Whichsentenceisthebestfor“

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”inParagraph3?A．Itesoutofitshead.B．Mostfemalenarwhalsdonothavetusks.C．Male(雄性)narwhalsallhavetusks.D．Scientistsarestillunsureaboutusesoftheirtusks.3．Anarwhalcandiveintothewateruptoover________accordingtotheUniversityofWashington.A．1,500meters B．1,700meters C．50meters D．25meters4．Whichisthebestsubtitle(小標(biāo)題)forParagraph5?A．Deepdivers B．OnebigtoothC．Changingcolors D．Absenceofadorsalfin5．Whichisthebeststructureofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B．C． D．練習(xí)三Doyoufindthatyoulearnthingsfasterthanyourparents?Youcouldberight!ScientistsintheUSAhavefoundthatschoolagedchildrenlearnnewthingsandskillsfasterthangrownups.Thishassomethingtodowithachemical(化學(xué)物質(zhì))calledGABAinourbrains(大腦).Itmakesbrainnoiselesssothatwecanlearnthingsmoreeasily.Italsomakesnewinformationstaylongerinourheads.Thescientistsstudiedthebrainsofchildren(8—11yearsold)andadults(18—35yearsold)before,duringandafterdoingalearningtask.Thefindingshowsthatwhenchildrenlearnnewthings,theamount(數(shù)量)ofGABAincreases(增加)quickly.Butthere’slittlechangeinadults’brains.Thistellsuswhychildrenarebetterlearnersthanadults.Thescientistssaidthefindingisuseful.Ittellsteachersandparentstoletchildrenlearna