第一部分基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)講析選擇性必修第三冊UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEⅠ.分類記單詞

快速掌握1.

閱讀單詞——認(rèn)一認(rèn)(1)adversity

n.

?(2)expedition

n.

?(3)vigour

n.

?(4)cupboard

n.

?(5)steward

n.

?(6)crush

vt.

?n.

?困境；逆境探險(xiǎn)；遠(yuǎn)征；探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)精力；力量；活力櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜(輪船、飛機(jī)或火車上的)乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員毀壞；壓壞；壓碎擁擠的人群(7)stove

n.

?(8)blanket

n.

?(9)banjo

n.

?(10)miserable

adj.

?(11)voyage

n.&

vi.

?(12)navy

n.

?(13)decent

adj.

?(14)cosy

adj.

?(15)selfish

adj.

?爐具；廚房灶具毯子班卓琴(樂器)

痛苦的；令人難受的航海；航行海軍；海軍部隊(duì)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的；正派的；得體的溫馨的；舒適的自私的(16)good/bad-tempered

adj.

?(17)crew

n.

?

?(18)bark

vi.&n.

?(19)rugby

n.

?(20)bat

n.

?vi.&

vt.

?(21)damp

adj.

?脾氣好的/壞的(輪船、飛機(jī)等上面的)全體工作人員；專業(yè)團(tuán)

隊(duì)；一群人(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)球拍；蝙蝠用球板擊球；揮打；拍打潮濕的；濕氣重的(22)recreation

n.

?(23)rough

adj.

?(24)navigator

n.

?(25)loyal

adj.

?(26)Confucianism

n.

?娛樂；消遣；游戲洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的領(lǐng)航員；(飛機(jī)、船舶等上的)航行者忠誠的；忠實(shí)的孔子學(xué)說；儒家(學(xué)說)

2.

核心單詞——寫一寫(1)

n.工資(2)

adj.嚴(yán)寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的(3)

vi.沉沒；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉沒(4)

adj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的(5)

adj.深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的(6)

n.家具wage

bitter

sink

genuine

thorough

furniture

(7)

n.侄子；外甥(8)

n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；馬達(dá)adj.有引擎的；機(jī)動(dòng)車的(9)

n.候選人；應(yīng)試者(10)

n.

(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說的)片段；插曲(11)

n.動(dòng)機(jī)；原因；目的(12)

n.忍耐力；耐久力→

vt.忍耐nephew

motor

candidate

episode

motive

endurance

endure

(13)

adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學(xué)

歷等)→

vt.(使)具有資格；(使)符合條件(14)

adj.熱情的；熱心的

→

adv.熱情地→

?n.熱情；熱忱(15)

adv.

&

prep.上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車

等)→

v.上船(或火車、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)；寄宿

n.木板；董事會(huì)；伙食qualified

qualify

enthusiastic

enthusiastically

enthusiasm

aboard

board

(16)

vt.分派；布置；分配→

n.任

務(wù)；作業(yè)；分配(17)

n.&

vt.羨慕；妒忌→

adj.忌妒的；

羨慕的(18)

vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄→

adj.被

遺棄的；被拋棄的(19)

n.[pl.]財(cái)物；動(dòng)產(chǎn)→

vi.屬于；

應(yīng)在(某處)(20)

vi.堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求→

n.毅

力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神assign

assignment

envy

envious

abandon

abandoned

belongings

belong

persevere

perseverance

(21)

vi.&

vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)

n.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念→

n.決議；解決；堅(jiān)

定；決心(22)

adj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→

adv.

殘忍地；殘酷地→

n.殘忍；殘酷(23)

adv.不幸地；遺憾地

→

adv.幸運(yùn)地→

n.運(yùn)氣；財(cái)產(chǎn)(24)

n.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航→

n.導(dǎo)游；

指南vt.帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)；為……領(lǐng)路resolve

resolution

cruel

cruelly

cruelty

unfortunately

fortunately

fortune

guidance

guide

(25)

vt.

&

vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告

→

n.廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)→

n.

廣告；宣傳(26)

adj.公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的

→

n.

(大)公司；法人(27)

n.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)→

vt.犯

(錯(cuò)誤、罪行等)

vi.

&

vt.

(使)承擔(dān)義務(wù)；(使)作出保證→

adj.盡心盡力的；

堅(jiān)定的advertise

advertising

advertisement

corporate

corporation

commitment

commit

committed

Ⅱ.填空習(xí)短語

高效識記1.

拒絕(某人)2.

?生火3.

?出發(fā)4.

返航；往回走5.

對……熱情6.

go

from

bad

to

worse

?7.

give

off

?8.

hold

on

?turn

sb.

down

make

fire

set

off

turn

back

be

enthusiastic

about

每況愈下放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)

堅(jiān)持?。蛔プ?；(打電話)別掛斷Ⅲ.精彩寫句式

典句背誦1.

…the

voyage

was

too

dangerous

and

difficult

for

all

of

us

to

make

it

in

our

small

boats.(too…to…“太……而不能……”)2.

，(如果沒有海洋動(dòng)物)，we

would

all

starve.(if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句)3.

Our

discipline

and

team

spirit

(使我們

保持樂觀)

and

helped

us

deal

with

our

fears

in

a

positive

and

successful

way.(keep＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語)If

it

weren’t

for

sea

animals

kept

us

optimistic

qualified

adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷

等)[教材原句]

…h(huán)e

thought

I

was

too

young

and

wasn’t

qualified.……他認(rèn)為我太年輕，不夠資格。(1)be

qualified

to

do

sth.有資格做某事be

qualified

for

(doing)

sth.有(做)某事的資格；可勝任(做)某事(2)qualify

vt.(使)具備資格；(使)符合條件qualify

(sb.)

as…

(使某人)有資格成為……qualify

sb.

for…使某人具備……的資格qualify

sb.

to

do

sth.使某人有資格做某事(3)qualification

n.資格；資歷have

the

qualification

for/to

do

sth.有……的資格/有資格做某事①You

cannot

assume

that

a

speaker

of

English

is

qualified

?

(teach)

English.你不能認(rèn)為會(huì)說英語的人就有資格教英語。②Tom

was

well

qualified

any

of

these

offices.湯姆完全有資格擔(dān)任這些職務(wù)。to

teach

for

enthusiastic

adj.熱情的；熱心的[教材原句]

But

I

was

so

enthusiastic

about

the

idea

of

going

along

with

them

that

I

secretly

went

aboard

his

ship，

the

Endurance，

and

hid

in

a

small

cupboard.我對和他們一起去南極探險(xiǎn)的想法如此熱衷，以至于我偷偷

地上了他的“堅(jiān)忍”號輪船，并藏在一個(gè)小櫥柜里。(1)be

enthusiastic

about

(doing)

sth.對(做)某事有熱情(2)enthusiasm

n.熱情；熱忱lack/be

full

of

enthusiasm缺乏/充滿熱情with

enthusiasm

(＝enthusiastically)熱情地①They

listened

with

great

interest

and

then

(enthusiastic)

joined

in

grand

conversations

about

Harry’s

adventures.enthusiastically

②I

am

not

only

full

of

(enthusiastic)

but

also

ease

to

get

along

with

which

makes

me

qualified

for

the

voluntary

work

advertised

in

the

newspaper.③Learning

that

you

are

enthusiastic

traditional

Chinese

culture，

I

am

writing

to

invite

you

to

the

lecture.enthusiasm

about

abandon

vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄[教材原句]

Before

we

abandoned

the

ship，Shackleton

calmly

called

us

together

and

told

us

to

rescue

our

most

essential

supplies—the

small

boats，our

food，the

cook

stove，

candles，clothes，and

blankets.在我們棄船之前，沙克爾頓平靜地把我們召集在一起告訴我

們搶救我們最基本的必需品：小船、食物、爐子、蠟燭、衣

服和毯子。(1)abandon

oneself

to

(doing)

sth.沉湎于(做)某事；縱情于

(做)某事abandon

(doing)

sth.放棄(做)某事(2)with

abandon放縱地；放任地(3)abandoned

adj.放縱的；被遺棄的be

abandoned

to

(doing)

sth.沉湎于(做)某事①[2020·江蘇卷]The

company

that

advocates

repairing

cellphones

rather

than

abandoning

them，opened

a

mini

workshop

in

a

London

phone

box

in

2016.一個(gè)主張修理手機(jī)而不是丟棄的公司于2016年在倫敦的一個(gè)

電話亭開了一個(gè)小工作室。②They

decided

to

abandon

the

sinking

ship.他們決定離棄沉船。③He

lost

everything

in

the

hurricane

in

2016，and

he

despair.在2016年的颶風(fēng)中他失去了一切，隨后陷入了絕望中。④The

cheerleader

waved

her

arms

with

wild

abandon.這名啦啦隊(duì)隊(duì)員瘋狂地?fù)]舞著她的雙臂。abandoned

himself

to

[巧學(xué)助記]The

parents

should

not

abandon

the

abandoned

young

man

only

because

he

abandoned

himself

to

playing

video

games.父母不應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)檫@個(gè)被遺棄的年輕人沉迷于電子游戲而

拋棄他。

resolve

vi.&

vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)

n.決

心；堅(jiān)定的信念[教材原句]

Their

genuine

concern

for

others，

their

perseverance，

and

their

resolve

fill

me

with

hope.他們對別人的真心關(guān)懷、他們的鍥而不舍以及堅(jiān)定的信念，

讓我充滿希望。(1)resolve

on

(doing)

sth.決心/決定(做)某事resolve

to

do

sth.決心/決定做某事resolve

into…(使)分解為……；顯現(xiàn)為……(2)resolution

n.決議；(問題、分歧等的)解決；堅(jiān)定；決心；make

a

resolution

(to

do

sth.)下決心/制訂計(jì)劃(做某事)He

/

?

something

to

help

these

children.他決定做些事情來幫助那些孩子們。resolved

to

do

resolved

on

doing

aboard

adv.&prep.上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)(1)go

aboard

(the

ship/plane/train)登上(船、飛機(jī)或火車)(2)on

board在船(車、飛機(jī)等)上(3)go

abroad出國①The

plane

crashed

killing

all

132

people

?.②We

went

in

the

evening.aboard

aboard

assign

vt.分派；布置；分配(1)assign

sb.

sth.(＝assign

sth.

to

sb.)給某人布置/分派某事assign

sb.

to

do…布置/分派某人做……be

assigned

to

sb./sth.被指派；被分配給……(2)assignment

n.(分派的)工作，任務(wù)；(工作等的)分派，布置①She

(assign)

to

work

at

a

county

hospital

after

graduation.was

assigned

②It’s

wise

to

assign

special

exercises

the

weaker

students.③Occupied

with

my

(assign)，I

can’t

go

shopping

with

my

mother

this

morning.to

assignments

envy

n.&vt.羨慕；妒忌(1)envy

sb.(for)

sth.忌妒/羨慕某人有某物envy

sb.

doing

sth.忌妒/羨慕某人做某事(2)be

green

with

envy忌妒得眼紅out

of

envy出于忌妒with

envy羨慕地(3)envious

adj.羨慕的；忌妒的be

envious

of＝be

jealous

of忌妒①He

looked

envy

at

his

neighbour’s

new

car.②He

envied

Rosalind

her

youth

and

strength.with

for

turn

sb.

down拒絕(某人)[教材原句]

However，when

I

applied

to

join

the

expedition，

Shackleton

turned

me

down

because

the

thought

I

was

too

young

and

wasn’t

qualified.然而，當(dāng)我申請加入探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)時(shí)，沙克爾頓拒絕了我，因?yàn)樗?/p>

認(rèn)為我太年輕，不夠資格。turn

around轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)向turn

into變成；進(jìn)入turn

on打開；開啟turn

off關(guān)掉；不再聽turn

up出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；調(diào)高turn

down拒絕；關(guān)?。徽{(diào)低turn

over翻身；移交；轉(zhuǎn)變turn

in上交；拐入；告發(fā)turn

out結(jié)果是；證明是；生產(chǎn)；制造；關(guān)掉；熄滅；在

場；使朝外turn

to

sb.向某人求助take

turns

to

do

sth.輪流做某事①This

time，she

turned

the

fire

so

it

cooked

nicely.這一次，她把火關(guān)小了，這樣烤得好。down

②He

turned

my

suggestion

and

turned

the

business

to

his

daughter.他拒絕了我的建議，把生意移交給了他的女兒。③If

you

are

not

using

the

lights，the

TV，the

computer

and

so

on，turn

them

?.如果你不用電燈、電視、電腦等，就把它們關(guān)掉。down

over

off

make

fire生火[教材原句]

But

how

could

we

make

fire？但是我們怎么生火呢？catch

fire著火(表動(dòng)作)be

on

fire著火(表狀態(tài))put

out

a

fire滅火set

fire

to放火燒①The

police

haven’t

found

out

who

set

fire

the

storehouse.警方還沒有查出是誰放火燒了倉庫。②Don’t

stand

close

to

the

stove，

or

your

clothes

will

catch

?.不要站在爐子旁邊，否則你的衣服會(huì)著火的。to

fire

give

off放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)[教材原句]

This

gave

off

oily，black

smoke，but

it

stayed

burning

even

in

strong

winds.它散發(fā)出油膩的黑煙，但即使在強(qiáng)風(fēng)中也能燃燒。give

in屈服；投降；讓步；上交give

way

to讓位于give

away喪失；贈(zèng)送；泄露give

out分發(fā)；用完；耗盡，精疲力竭give

up放棄；停止give

back歸還①The

sun

gives

great

light

and

heat.太陽放出巨大的光和熱。off

②He

gave

all

his

money

to

charities.他把所有的錢都捐給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。③I

gave

hope

of

finding

my

ring

again.我放棄了再次找到戒指的希望。away

up

hold

on堅(jiān)持??；抓住；(打電話)別掛斷hold

on

to抓緊；不放開；保住(優(yōu)勢)；保存hold

back阻擋；攔阻；隱瞞；控制hold

out

(在困境中)堅(jiān)持；伸出手；提供；維持hold

up延遲；阻礙；舉起；支撐起①When

he

left

the

telephone

to

fetch

a

pen，he

asked

me

to

hold

?.on

②As

a

matter

of

fact，no

one

can

hold

the

wheel

of

history.③As

the

saying

goes，women

can

hold

half

the

sky.back

up

keep

up保持；不落后；(士氣等)保持高昂；(使)熬夜keep

up

with

sb./sth.跟上/趕上某人或事物；與……保持聯(lián)系①He

keeps

up

old

friends

far

away.②They

sang

songs

to

keep

their

spirits

?.③It

is

wrong

(keep)

the

children

up

so

late.with

up

to

keep

Well，it

so

happened

that

one

morning

I

bought

a

newspaper

and

read

the

advertisement

about

the

Antarctic

expedition.碰巧有一天早上，我買了一份報(bào)紙，讀了一則關(guān)

于南極探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的廣告。[句式點(diǎn)撥]句中的it

so

happened

that…“碰巧”。sb

happen(s)

to

do

sth.某人碰巧做某事sth

happen(s)

to

sb.某人發(fā)生了某事It

(so)

happens/happened

that…碰巧……①They

of

an

age

and

wear

clothes

of

a

colour.他們碰巧同齡而且穿著同樣顏色的衣服。happen

to

be

②

I

had

a

map

of

Shanghai

with

me，so

I

didn’t

get

lost.碰巧我有一張上海地圖，所以我沒有迷路。It

happened

that

If

it

weren’t

for

sea

animals，we

would

all

starve.如果沒有

海洋動(dòng)物，我們都會(huì)餓死。句中的If

it

weren’t

for…，主語＋would

do

sth.要不是……，

是對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬；對過去情況的虛擬用If

it

hadn’t

been

for…，主語＋would

have

done

sth…①If

it

for

you，I

still

would

not

know

that

I

had

made

a

mistake.②If

it

for

your

help，we

wouldn’t

have

succeeded.weren’t

hadn’t

been

Ⅰ.語境填詞A)根據(jù)句意及漢語提示，寫出所缺單詞。1.

After

many

days’

(航行)，they

arrived

in

what

is

called

Africa

nowadays.2.

This

is

quite

important，

because

it

is

directly

related

to

your

(承諾).3.

We

went

(上飛機(jī))

in

the

evening，and

at

dawn，

we

were

over

Canada.voyage

commitment

aboard

4.

After

getting

off，

please

check

whether

your

(財(cái)物)

are

left

on

the

drifting

boat.5.

(真誠的)

friend

will

not

desert

you

in

time

of

adversity.belongings

Genuine

B)在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正

確形式。6.

[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]

(fortunately)，it

took

the

explorers

and

the

settlers

who

followed

only

a

few

decades

to

decimate

a

large

part

of

these

resources.7.

[2020·浙江卷]To

show

the

versatility(多面性)

of

the

short

play，I

have

included

a

(guide)

play，a

radio

play

and

a

television

play.Unfortunately

guidance

8.

[2021·全國甲卷]…，but

it

is

too

early

to

tell

if

the

calves

will

make

good

(candidate)

to

be

returned

to

protected

areas

of

the

wild.9.

[2020·江蘇卷]And

tens

of

millions

in

Africa

and

Asia

can

see

because

of

the

(commit)

Wilson

made

to

preventing

the

preventable.10.

It’s

said

that

there

is

a

growing

need

for

(qualify)

teachers

of

Business

English.candidates

commitment

qualified

Ⅱ.選詞填空go

from

bad

to

worse；lead

to；make

fire；turn

down；keep

up；set

off；give

off；turn

back1.

We

have

been

struggling

for

days，but

things

on

this

island

are

?.2.

Wha