高一英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題匯編閱讀理解(教育文化)(一)及解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類(lèi)1．閱讀理解

Bynowyou'veprobablyheardaboutthe"you'renotspecial"speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony一andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturing(傷自尊的)words.Butlostintheuproar(喧囂)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.

Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.

InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated''theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile(百分位數(shù))theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.

Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.

Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.（1）Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat

.A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterB.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivilegedC.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotD.youngpeopledon'tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents

A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammarB.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfieldsC.don'tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimitsD.don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement（3）Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat

.A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersB.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailureC.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefailsD.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialB.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC.SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutD.TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，是特殊或者不是？我們要教會(huì)孩子理解它。作者認(rèn)為真正的問(wèn)題是年輕人不知道如何現(xiàn)實(shí)地評(píng)估自己的能力。想要變得特別，我們需要對(duì)自己誠(chéng)實(shí)和他人對(duì)我們的誠(chéng)實(shí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar（喧囂）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該在喧囂之后記住：現(xiàn)在的年輕人不知道他們究竟有沒(méi)有天賦，其根本原因是他們不知道如何實(shí)際地評(píng)估自己的能力。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的學(xué)生遭受著雙重負(fù)擔(dān)，即他們不擅長(zhǎng)自己所做的，并且他們的笨拙讓他們無(wú)法意識(shí)到自己有多差。由此可推斷，得高分的學(xué)生擅長(zhǎng)自己所作的。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.”可知我們要學(xué)會(huì)誠(chéng)實(shí)地將自己和他人進(jìn)行比較，也需要一個(gè)人將我們做的不好的，以及做錯(cuò)了什么如實(shí)相告。由此可推測(cè)變得特別的策略表明我們需要對(duì)自己誠(chéng)實(shí)，也需要?jiǎng)e人對(duì)我們誠(chéng)實(shí)。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教會(huì)了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他們自己是否特別，或者已經(jīng)在變得特別的路上。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Thenexttimeyouattendasocialfunctionorgotoaplacewherepeoplemeetandinteract,takenoteofthenumberofpeoplewhohaveadoptedthesamegesturesandposturethewayyousitorstand--ofthepersonwithwhomtheyaretalking.This"carboncopying"isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verbally(非語(yǔ)言的)sayingtotheother,"Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture."

Thisunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)地)mimicryisquiteinterestingtoobserve.Take,forexample,thetwomenstandingatthehotelbar.Theyhavemirroredeachother'sgesturesanditisreasonabletoassumethattheyarediscussingatopicuponwhichtheyhavethesamethoughtsandfeelings.Ifonemanuncrosseshisarmsandlegsorstandsontheotherfoot,theotherwillfollow.Ifoneputshishandinhispockettheotherwillcopyandthismimicrywillcontinueforaslongasthetwomenareinagreement.

Thiscopyingalsooccursamonggoodfriendsorpeopleofthesamesocialpositionanditiscommontoseemarriedcoupleswalk,stand,sitandmoveinverysimilarways.Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutual(相互的)positions.Thesignificanceofcarboncopyingcanbeoneofthemostimportantnon-verballessonswecanlearn,forthisisonewaythatotherstellusthattheyagreewithusorlikeus.Itisalsoawayforustotellothersthatwelikethem,bysimplycopyingtheirgestures.

Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.Similarly,anup-and-comingemployeemaybeseencopyinghisboss'sgesturesinanattempttoshowagreement.Usingtheknowledge,itispossibletoinfluenceaface-to-faceencounterbycopyingthepositivegesturesandposturesoftheotherperson.Thishastheeffectofputtingtheotherpersoninareceptiveandrelaxedframeofmindandhecan"see"thatyouunderstandhispointofview.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

CarbonCopyingShowingAgreement

B.

DevelopingNon-verbalCommunicationC.

HowtoavoidCarbonCopying

D.

ProperSocialBehavior（2）Whatis"carboncopying"accordingtothepassage?A.

Toadoptidenticalgestureofothers.

B.

Torepeatwhatothershavesaid.C.

Toshowagreementwithothers.

D.

Tomockothers.（3）InwhichofthefollowinggroupsiscarboncopyingNOTfrequentlyseen?A.

Marriedcouples

B.

Peoplenotfamiliarwitheachother.C.

Goodfriends.

D.

Peopleofthesamesocialposition.（4）Whatshouldanemployerdotocreatedarelaxingatmosphereforanemployee?A.

Bepolite.

B.

Avoidcopyingtheemployee'sgesture.C.

Behelpful.

D.

Copythegestureoftheemployee.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了"carboncopying（復(fù)制）"現(xiàn)象，是指一個(gè)人通過(guò)模仿另一個(gè)人的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)，來(lái)告訴另一個(gè)人自己贊同他的想法和態(tài)度。同時(shí)列舉這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所，以及如何利用這些知識(shí)來(lái)讓對(duì)方處于一種接受和放松的心態(tài)，"看到"你理解他的觀點(diǎn)。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.”這種"復(fù)制"是指一個(gè)人告訴另一個(gè)人他同意他的想法和態(tài)度。以及文章主要圍繞"carboncopying"是通過(guò)模仿另一個(gè)人的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)來(lái)表達(dá)自己對(duì)他的贊同所展開(kāi)的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verballysayingtotheother,‘Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture.’"這種"復(fù)制"是指一個(gè)人告訴另一個(gè)人他同意他的想法和態(tài)度。通過(guò)這種方法，一個(gè)人不用語(yǔ)言就能對(duì)另一個(gè)人說(shuō):"你看，我和你想的一樣，所以我會(huì)模仿你的姿勢(shì)和手勢(shì)。"可知"carboncopying"是指采用和別人相同的手勢(shì)。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”P(pán)eoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutualpositions.“然而，陌生人會(huì)盡量避免持有共同的立場(chǎng)?？芍舜瞬皇煜さ娜藗儾怀？吹?復(fù)制"現(xiàn)象。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.“如果雇主希望與雇員建立直接的友好關(guān)系，營(yíng)造輕松的氛圍，他需要模仿雇員的姿勢(shì)來(lái)達(dá)到目的。可知雇主可以通過(guò)模仿雇員的動(dòng)作，為雇員創(chuàng)造一個(gè)輕松的氣氛。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Stepinachasbecomeoneofthefirsthighschoolsinthecountrytodropalltextbooksandreplacethemwitha"digitallibrary".WhenstudentsstartedclassesonMonday,theywerezippingtoanappontheirtabletsorlaptopsandbadinstantaccesstoall40textsintheStepinaccurriculum(課程).

DennisLauro,directorofaninformationcenterwhichprovidestechnicalsupporttopublicschoolsinNewYork,saidneitherhenorhiscolleagueswereawareofasimilardigitaleffortinapublicschoolsetting."Thisisthewaveofthefuture."Laurosaid."I'mnotsurprisedthataprivateschoolwouldbeatthepublicschoolstoit.Theyhavetheabilitytojustdoit.Thereissomuchpoliticsinvolvedinpublicschools,whenitcomestoamovelikethat,needingapprovalfromboardsandcommittees."

ForTomCollins,Stepinac'spresident,thecommitmenttodigitalsourcematerialwasnotsodifficultadecision.Inthepast,students'familieshadtospendupto$700ayearontextbooks.Thisyear—aftertheone-timepurchaseofatabletorlaptop—familiesonlyneedtopay$150.Usingthedigitallibraryisalmostaseasyasopeninganewbook.AstudentcaninstantlylapintoadigitalbookandopenamapofEgyptoraspeechbyPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Ateachercanshowapagefromadigitalbookonawhiteboardatthefrontoftheclassorsendstudentsalinktoaparticularmathproblemwithnotesaddedin.

Thefirstfewweeksmaybringsomechallenges.Stepinacofficialsexpectsomeparentaldiscomfortoverdroppingconcretebooks.Theyrecognizetheremaybetechnicalfaultsatfirst.Andtheywillhavetoencouragestudentstoleavespace-eatingphotosandmusicofftheirtablets—andtokeeptheirtabletscharged.（1）WhatisgoingoninStepinac?A.

It'sbuildinganewlibrary.

B.

It'sreformingitstextbooks.C.

It'supdatingitsdigitalresources.

D.

It'schangingitsmanagementpattern.（2）Bysayingtheunderlinedsentence.Laurobelieves

.A.

publicschoolsfacegreatchallenges

B.

privateschoolshavetheiradvantagesC.

theeffortistocauseinstantchanges

D.

it'satrendforschoolstogodigital（3）WhomayworryaboutthemoveinStepinac?A.

Officials.

B.

Technicians.

C.

Parents.

D.

Teachers.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文主要講了Stepinac是第一個(gè)放棄了傳統(tǒng)意義上的教科書(shū)，改用數(shù)字圖書(shū)館的學(xué)校。這是未來(lái)學(xué)校向數(shù)字化發(fā)展的一種趨勢(shì)，但是家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)這一進(jìn)程心存疑慮。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段Stepinachasbecomeoneofthefirsthighschoolsinthecountrytodropalltextbooksandreplacethemwitha"digitallibrary"可知Stepinac把textbook變成了digital

library，應(yīng)該是改革了教科書(shū)，故選B。（2）推理判斷題。由第二段

Laurosaid."I'mnotsurprisedthataprivateschoolwouldbeatthepublicschoolstoit.Theyhavetheabilitytojustdoit.Thereissomuchpoliticsinvolvedinpublicschools,whenitcomestoamovelikethat,needingapprovalfromboardsandcommittees.可知Lauro認(rèn)為在學(xué)校發(fā)展數(shù)字化并不是一件令人吃驚的事，私立學(xué)校在政策決定上比公立學(xué)校更有優(yōu)勢(shì)，如果在公立學(xué)校推行，需要得到很多人的同意。從中可以看出Lauro認(rèn)為未來(lái)學(xué)校向數(shù)字化發(fā)展是一種趨勢(shì)，故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段Thefirstfewweeksmaybringsomechallenges.Stepinacofficialsexpectsomeparentaldiscomfortoverdroppingconcretebooks.可知在Stepinac，父母?jìng)儗?duì)這一進(jìn)程很擔(dān)心，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解?？忌婕凹?xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇。推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。4．閱讀理解

SomeAfricanschoolsareaddingprogramsthatteachwhatofficialsarecalling"softskills"tostudents.Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife.

ThetrainingisbeingofferedattheSt.BernadetteKamonyiSecondarySchoolinKigali,Rwanda.Forweeks,itsstudentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinesses.Thegoalofthesefieldtripsisfortheyoungpeopletolearnwhatisnecessarytosecureajob.

Forthesecondaryschoolstudents,thisinformationisimportant.Inafewmonths,they'llcompletetheirstudiesandtrytheirbesttofindwork.OneoftheRwandanstudentsis22-year-oldAminadabNiyitegeka.Hesayshewilllookforanyjobavailable.Hehopesthatwhathelearnsinhisworkreadinessclasswillhelp.Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining.Itispartofanefforttopreparestudentstobecomebettercommunicators,problemsolversandcitizens(公民).

RwandahasstartedaworkreadinesstrainingprogramcalledAkaziKanozeAccess.Itmeans"workwelldone"inKinyarwanda,theofficiallanguageofRwanda.Theprogramhastrainedmorethan20,000studentstohelpmakethemmoreappealingtoemployers.

EmmanuelNtagungiraisateacherandworksasatrainerforAkaziKanozeAccess,Heoftenvisitsemployerswhohavegivenjobstohighschools.Theemployersareveryhappybecausethegraduatesarereadytowork.Hesayshehopestheprogramwillhelplowerunemployment,whichstandsatover13percentnationwide.Healsoexplainsthatthegraduateshaveahealthymindsetandemployersaresatisfiedwiththejobthey'vebeendoing.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleof"softskills"?A.Beingcompetentinsoftware.B.Communicatingwithotherswell.C.Makingagoodspeechinpublic.D.Havingagoodsenseofcooperation.（2）InwhatwayhavesecondaryschoolsinAfricachanged?A.Theyfocusonmathematicsandscience.B.Theyignoreareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.C.Theyapplynewteachingmethods.D.Theymakeanefforttoofferstudentssoftskills.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheprogramKaziKanozeAccessaimstoappealtoemployers.B.AminadabNiyitegekawilldefinitelyfindagoodjobaftergraduation.C.Studentswithsoftskillsarelikelytogetalongwellwithothers.D.Studentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinessestosecureajob.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了在非洲一些地區(qū)和學(xué)校實(shí)施的“軟技能”項(xiàng)目，即關(guān)注學(xué)生個(gè)人品質(zhì)教學(xué)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施情況，這種培訓(xùn)可以幫助學(xué)生在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)和生活中取得成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers”可知，軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。所以軟件操作不是個(gè)人品質(zhì)，就不是軟技能。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining”可知傳統(tǒng)上，非洲的中學(xué)花時(shí)間在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等科目上，很大程度上會(huì)忽略公共演講和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作等領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在這樣的情況正在改變。學(xué)校正在探索新的教學(xué)模式以提供軟技能和專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練。所以非洲中級(jí)學(xué)校的改變是他們努力教給學(xué)生軟技能。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife”可知軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。權(quán)威人士說(shuō)這樣的訓(xùn)練能幫助學(xué)生在找工作和生活中成功。因此軟技能幫學(xué)生跟人和睦相處。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Whyisitthatmanypeoplewhohavesufferedamajorshock,suchasdivorceordeathofafamilymember,seemtobeweakeragainstavarietyofmajorandminorillness?Onecommonideaamongpsychologistshasbeenthatpeoplecoulddealwithsufferingmoreeffectivelyiftheywereabletounderstandandacceptit.Indeed,manyexpertsstressthevalueofexpressingthoughtsandfeelingsconnectedwithupsettingevents.

Recently,ateamofmedicalresearchersstudiedthelinksbetweendescribingpsychologicallypainfuleventsandlong-termhealth.Inoneexperimenthealthycollegestudentswereaskedtowriteabouteitherpersonallydisturbingexperiencesorordinarytopicsoveraperiodoffourdays.Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.

Inanexperimentthatfollowed,anothergroupofhealthystudentsweregiventhefour-daywritingexercises.Somechosetowriteabouthighlypersonalandupsettingexperiences(includingloneliness,problemswithfamilyandfriends,andhealth).Whenquestionedimmediatelyafterwards,theysaidthattheydidnotfeelanybetter.However,theirbloodsamples(樣本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese"invaders".Thistrendcontinuedoverthefollowingsixweeks,whenanotherbloodsamplewastaken.Individualswhoshowedthebestresultswerethosewhowroteabouttopicsthattheyhadactivelykeptfromtellingothersabout.

Theresearcherssuggestedthatfailuretofaceuptopainfulexperiencecanbeaformofstressitself,andcanincreasethepossibilityofillness.Itfollows,then,thatactivelydealingwithamajorshockmakespossibleitsunderstandingandacceptance.Theanswerisnottosufferinsilence.Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletotalkaboutpersonalproblems,butwritingthemdownwillhelpthebodytofightdiseaseinthelongrun.（1）Inthefirstexperiment,thestudentswhowroteaboutpainfulevents________.A.startedtosufferpsychologicalproblemsB.enjoyedsharingtheirinnerthoughtandfeelingsC.werelesslikelytoseektreatmentforsicknessD.couldn'tdealwithsufferingeffectively（2）Peoplewhowroteaboutpersonalproblemsinthesecondexperiment________.A.hadmorebacteriaandvirusesintheirbloodB.haddecreasedfeelingsoflonelinessC.showedanimprovedwhitecellreactionD.didbetterintheirwritingtasks（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invaders"referto?A.Thewhitecells.B.Bacteriaandviruses.C.Resistancetoillness.D.Thereactionandsensitivityofthecells.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SufferingandHealthB.InnerThoughtsandFeelingsC.IllnessandHealthD.MentalIllnessandSocialAcceptance【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，心理學(xué)的研究表明，如果人們能夠理解并接受痛苦，人們就能更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)它。許多專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為將與令人不安的事件有關(guān)的思想和情感表達(dá)出來(lái)是十分重要的。不能面對(duì)痛苦的經(jīng)歷本身就可能是某種形式的壓力，也會(huì)增加患病的可能性。所以從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，不要默默忍受，說(shuō)出來(lái)或者寫(xiě)出來(lái)將有助于身體對(duì)抗疾病。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.”可知，在隨后的幾個(gè)月里，那些選擇在寫(xiě)作中表達(dá)自己內(nèi)心想法和感受的學(xué)生，比那些寫(xiě)過(guò)日常話題的人更少去看病。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,theirbloodsamples(樣本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese‘invaders’.”可知，在第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中寫(xiě)下了個(gè)人問(wèn)題的人顯示他們的白細(xì)胞對(duì)細(xì)菌和病毒的反應(yīng)和敏感性增強(qiáng)了。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruses…”可知，白細(xì)胞是用來(lái)對(duì)抗細(xì)菌和病毒的，因此these"invaders"指的就是細(xì)菌和病毒這些“入侵者”。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文開(kāi)頭提出觀點(diǎn)，如果人們能夠理解并接受痛苦，人們就能更有效地應(yīng)對(duì)它。然后通過(guò)兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，將內(nèi)心的感受通過(guò)說(shuō)或者寫(xiě)的方式表達(dá)出來(lái)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看會(huì)有助于身體對(duì)抗疾病。因此本文關(guān)注的話題是情感經(jīng)歷和健康的關(guān)系問(wèn)題。選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了鹽對(duì)心臟有影響的原因，以及人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪斜３值望}的生活方式。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，心臟病被認(rèn)為是成年人的問(wèn)題，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，鹽開(kāi)始影響兒童。年輕時(shí)吃太多咸的食物會(huì)導(dǎo)致以后的健康問(wèn)題；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一個(gè)有高血壓的孩子更有可能成為一個(gè)有高血壓的成年人，可知，文章作者特別擔(dān)心孩子食用過(guò)咸的食物導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”減少鹽可能有助于阻止兒童長(zhǎng)胖。英國(guó)的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)吃鹽少的孩子喝的含糖飲料也更少，可知，作者認(rèn)為吃多鹽食品和喝過(guò)多含糖的軟飲料也會(huì)使孩子長(zhǎng)胖。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)孩子正在患腎結(jié)石。這種痛苦的病通常只在40歲以上的人才患，現(xiàn)在五歲的孩子也在遭受這種疾病，可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在腎結(jié)石這種病正在變得年輕化。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”減少鈉攝入量的最好方法是逐漸改變。先在晚餐中加入平時(shí)一半的食鹽。食用新鮮食品而非罐裝或者瓶裝食品。少放些調(diào)味品。你可能也要閱讀營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽。可知，本段提供了一些可以減少食鹽攝入量的方法。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Howdoyouspendyourtime？Togetit,PaulT.Rankinaskedsixty-eightindividualstokeepanaccurate,detailedrecordofwhattheydideveryminuteoftheirwakinghours.Hediscoveredthat70percentoftheirwakingtimewasspentononethingonly-communication.PutthatevidencealongsidetheresearchfindingsuncoveredbytheHumanEngineeringLaboratories,theydiscoveredthat,vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryetknown,predictsfinancialsuccess.Newwordsmakeusbetterthinkersaswellascommunicators.Whatbetterreasonforbeginningrightnowtoextendyourvocabulary？Buthow？

Hybrid(雜交產(chǎn)生的)corncombinesthebestqualitiesofseveralvarietiestoensuremaximumproductivity.Ahybridapproachtovocabularyshould,inthesameway,ensuremaximumresults.That'swhyyoushouldusetheCPDformula.

ThroughContext.Whenstudentsi