高二英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)提高訓練含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(無人機)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周邊)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一種水上無人機可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，這種無人機是用來清理垃圾的，故選C。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，預計到2016年，海洋里會有1.5億噸垃圾，估計約有25萬噸垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要講述海洋垃圾的嚴重性，故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配備防碰撞系統(tǒng)，無人機使用激光來探測物體，用測距技術來探測前方是否有物體，如果探測到物體，無人機就會停下來或者后退，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，這種無人機并非解決水上垃圾污染的萬全之策，需要多措并舉，才能達到目的，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Boomerangchildrenwhoreturntolivewiththeirparentsafteruniversitycanbegoodforfamilies,leadingtocloser,moresupportiverelationshipsandincreasedcontactbetweenthegenerations,astudyhasfound.

Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.

Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere"morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpectedaboutmovingbackhome—theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.Daughterswerehappierthansons,oftenslippingbackeasilyintoteenagepatternsofbehaviour,thestudyfound.

Parentsonthewholeweremoreuncertain,expressingconcernaboutthelikelydurationofthearrangementandhowtomanageit.Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.

Thefamiliesfeaturedinthestudyweremiddle-classandtendedtoviewtheachievementofadultindependencefortheirchildrenasa"familyproject".Parentsacceptedthattheirchildrenrequiredsupportasuniversitystudentsandthenasgraduatesreturninghome,astheytriedtofindjobspayingenoughtoenablethemtomoveoutandgetonthehousingladder.

"However",thestudysays,"day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict,characterisedtheexperienceofamajorityofparentsandalittleoverhalfthegraduates".

Areasofdisagreementincludedchores,moneyandsociallife.Whileparentswerekeentohelp,theyalsowanteddifferentrelationshipsfromthosetheyhadwiththeirownparents,andcontinuingtosupporttheiradultchildrenallowedthemtoremainclose.（1）Whatisthefindingofthepreviousresearch?A.

Boomerangchildrenmadetheirparentshappier.B.

Theparentswerelookingforwardtotheirchildren'sreturn.C.

Theparents'qualityoflifebecameworsethanbefore.D.

Boomerangchildrenneverdidanyhousework.（2）Theunderlinedword"trigger"inParagraph2maybebestreplacedby________.A.

cause

B.

defeat

C.

arise

D.

allow（3）Whatistheattitudeofthecollegegraduatestowardsreturninghome?A.

Theyareashamedofturningtotheirparentsforhelp.B.

Theyaregladthattheycouldcomeback.C.

Theyaredoubtfulaboutwhethertheyshouldreturn.D.

Theyareproudtobeindependentfromthefamily.（4）Whatcanbeinferredasthereasonforthe"boomerangchildren"phenomenon?A.

Thechildrenwanttokeepinclosertouchwiththeirparents.B.

Theparentsarewillingtoprovidesupporttotheirchildren.C.

Itisharderforthechildrentosecureasatisfyingjob.D.

Thereismorehouseworkneededtobedonebythechildren.（5）Whatisthesideeffectoftheboomerangchildrenphenomenon?A.

Bothparentsandchildrenenjoyamoreharmoniousrelationship.B.

Neitherparentsnorchildrenwanttodothechoresathome.C.

Notonlyparentsbutalsochildrenwanttobeindependent.D.

Thereareoccasionalquarrelsbetweenparentsandchildren.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，“回巢族”子女在大學畢業(yè)后回到父母身邊生活對家庭是有好處的，他們會與父母建立更親密、更具支持性的關系，并增進兩代人之間的聯(lián)系。而這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與今年早些時候發(fā)表的一項研究結果相矛盾，該研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感顯著下降。父母和孩子對于獨立的緊張情緒會導致父母和子女之間偶爾的爭吵。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefindingsdisagreewiththeresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantworseningintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與今年早些時候發(fā)表的一項研究結果不一致，早些的研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感顯著惡化?？芍酝难芯匡@示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感比之前更差，故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefindingsdisagreewiththeresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantworseningintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.”通過新舊研究對比，以往的研究表明，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感顯著下降。即可推理劃線部分單詞trigger意為“導致，致使”，與cause意義一致。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere‘morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpected’aboutmovingbackhome–theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirfriendsareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.”參與這項研究的年輕人對于搬回家“比預期的更積極”——他們的羞愧感減少了，因為他們的許多朋友都處于同樣的處境，而且他們承認父母在經(jīng)濟和情感上的支持是有好處的。）可知，大學畢業(yè)生對回家的態(tài)度是積極的，很高興能夠回家，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.”但他們承認，如今的畢業(yè)生情況有所不同，他們畢業(yè)時背負著巨額債務，工作機會也更少。由此推斷出，孩子們很難找到一份滿意的工作，故選C。（5）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"‘However’,thestudysays,‘day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict”可知對于實現(xiàn)不同層面獨立前景的日常緊張情緒，是大多數(shù)家長和略多于一半畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷的特征。在少數(shù)極端情況下，這種緊張情緒接近沖突。可知回巢族孩子現(xiàn)象的副作用是在少數(shù)情況下，緊張情緒會導致父母和孩子之間偶爾發(fā)生爭吵。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.

Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（獨有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.

Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.

Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint（色調(diào)）inthesky,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthere'sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoesB.

DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornadoC.

ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-tellingD.

GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds（2）Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?A.

Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.B.

Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.C.

Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.D.

Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A.

Thesunset.

B.

Redlight.

C.

Bluelight.

D.

Water.（4）Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?A.

Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.B.

Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.C.

Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.D.

Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)天空呈現(xiàn)綠色并不是產(chǎn)生龍卷風的云層所獨有的，有時它們會導致大量降雨，甚至冰雹，待在室內(nèi)或許是最好的選擇。（1）考查主旨大意。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中的“there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.”可知，本文主要話題是關注綠色的天空是否意味著即將來臨的龍卷風展開的，故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.”可知，白天天空是藍色,因為藍色短的波長的可見光會反射空氣分子比紅色的長波長光。故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（獨有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.”可知，選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.”可知，水既能反射藍光，也能反射紅光，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，代詞指代，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金屬彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.ThosesurprisingresultsappearinthejournalScientificReports.

Shiningiridescentcolor,whichchangesdependingontheanglefromwhichit'sviewed,isfavoredbyeverythingfrombirdstobeetlesandblossomstobutterflies.

"Andinourresearchgroupweareofcourseinterestedinwhythisvividmetalliccolorissowidespreadinnature."KarinKjernsmooftheUniversityofBristoladdsthatinsomecasestheshowysplashesoflightareasexualstrategy."HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄兩性),suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.Forexample,inmanyofthesecasesitisthemalesthathavethesevividiridescentcolorsandtheyusetheminmatechoiceortheyusethemasasignaltoattractmates."

Butiridescencealsoshowsupinsituationswherereproductionisnotanissue."Sowhatwearestudyingnowiswhethernaturalselectionimposedbypredation(捕食行為)couldexplaintheoccurrenceofiridescenceinpreyanimals."

Theideathateye-catchingcolorscouldbeusedasacover-upisn'tanewone."Thefatherofcamouflagetheory,AbbottThayer,reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealing-ColorationintheAnimalKingdom,alreadyin1909,that'brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal'sconcealment'.Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay,becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal'sconcealment？"

"Inasimilarway,wewereaskingwhetheriridescence,duetoitschangeability,couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition."Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircleoranoval—withasugarreward.Andtheyfoundthatthebees,whengivenachoice,wouldpreferentiallyvisittheshapetheyknewtobesweet.Butwhentheshapeswereiridescent,thebeeshadtroubletellingthemapart."Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish."Asformakinguseofthismethodforhidinginplainsight,"Anypracticalapplicationsisofcoursedirectlylinkedtoanyindustrythathasaninterestincamouflage,thatishowtoconcealobjectsormakethemmoredifficulttorecognize."Theresearchersarecurrentlyconductingexperimentswithbirds,whichoftenpreyoniridescentinsectstoseeifithelpstohaveabird's-eyeview.（1）Accordingtothepassage,iridescenceisnotmadeuseofbyanimalsto________.A.

livealittlelongerbyescapingtheirpredator(捕食者)

B.

catchtheattentionoftheirmatesC.

concealthemselveswhenindanger

D.

catchsightofmorecolorfulpreys（2）Fromthestudyinthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.A.

BeescanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenacircleandanovalB.

BeesarecreaturesthatarefascinatedbysweetthingsthatareiridescentC.

Ifacircle,withasugarreward,isiridescent,thebeesmayhavedifficultyfindingitD.

Beesarelikelytoprefercirclestoovals,whethertheyareiridescentornot（3）Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.

Whetherthereareanydifferencesbetweenbeesandbirds.B.

Someindustriesthathavegreatinterestincamouflage.C.

Whybirdsarenoteffectedbyiridescentinsects.D.

Whichcamouflagetheoryappliesmoretobirds.（4）Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

Afamouscamouflagestrategy

B.

MetalliciridescentasthebestdisguiseC.

Colorsuniquetoanimals

D.

Shiningcolorsasasexualstrategy【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了彩虹色有助于生物隱藏。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金屬彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”可知彩虹色被動物用來通過逃離捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根據(jù)第三段中的“HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄兩性),suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.”在這里我想指出的是，在某些物種中，尤其是那些表現(xiàn)出強烈兩性差異的物種，比如天堂鳥、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或魚類中，彩虹色的出現(xiàn)很可能是由性別選擇所驅(qū)動的?？芍獎游镉貌屎缟鹜榈淖⒁猓懦鼴；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theideathateye-catchingcolorscouldbeusedasacover-upisn'tanewone.”引人注目的顏色可以用來偽裝，這種想法并不新鮮，排除C，故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”似乎我們的目標上驚人的彩虹表面在視覺上打破了原本可以辨認的目標形狀，這使得它們很難區(qū)分。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段說研究人員目前正在對鳥類進行實驗，這些鳥類的飲食中經(jīng)常含有彩虹色的昆蟲。實驗目的是看看鳥類的視角是否能提供幫助。由此推斷接下來一段會談論為什么鳥類不受彩虹色昆蟲的影響，故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金屬彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”有時，最好的偽裝其實是最耀眼的偽裝，因為研究表明，閃光的金屬彩虹色能在視覺上迷惑捕食者，這讓五顏六色的獵物能夠再存活一天，是全文的主題句，結合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了彩虹色有助于生物隱藏，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"avirtualpersonwhowillbe:immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation(近似)ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy(遺產(chǎn))onlineforever.

Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.D.Hemayaskthemquestions.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科技新動態(tài)數(shù)字人。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，當安德魯·卡普蘭回憶往昔的時候，他的故事讓人感覺他活出了各種各樣的人生：20多歲的時候是戰(zhàn)地記者，還是一名軍人，一位成功的商人，隨后又是很多間諜小說和好萊塢劇本的作者。主要介紹安德魯·卡普蘭豐富多彩的人生；在根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”avirtualpersonwhowillbe”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù)字人，可知，第一段的內(nèi)容主要是引出下文中文章的話題數(shù)字人。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù)字人，可知，卡普蘭同意變成數(shù)字人是為了能更長時間的分享自己的這些故事。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按計劃進行，后代可以通過移動端的語音平臺和他交流，即使他的肉體不存在后，還可以問他問題，讓他講故事以及咨詢他一生經(jīng)驗的寶貴建議?？芍ㄆ仗m成為“數(shù)字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生經(jīng)驗的寶貴建議。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，專家們說，如果科技成功地創(chuàng)造出高情商的數(shù)字人類，它可能會永遠改變?nèi)祟惻c電腦交互的方式，以及處理失去親人創(chuàng)傷的方式，即目前的數(shù)字人類還無法擁有高情商，還是不夠完美的，因此數(shù)字人技術還有很長的路要走。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵擾性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

Previousscholarship(學術研究)hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.

"Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."

A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.（1）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnatureB.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegreeC.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichiganD.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems（4）nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.EntertainmentB.BusinessWorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項新的研究成果多看綠色植物和吃垃圾食品這兩者看似風馬牛不相及，可研究結構卻表明它們之間存在著一種奇妙的關系：多看綠色植物能幫助人們克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的

“Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人員調(diào)查了年齡在21~65歲之間的149名參與者小區(qū)內(nèi)的綠植比例……；以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中還問了與抑郁及焦慮有關的問題……等可知，第二段主要介紹了新研究的調(diào)查內(nèi)容，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)常識可知，在大自然中散步對人體有各種各樣的好處，再結合句中出現(xiàn)的“relievingothermooddisorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出，combattingdepression應表示“減輕抑郁”。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“…addsanewdimension(方面)tothepreviousresearch”為以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某種程度上豐富