課題Chapter1Land&People（TheUK）Chapter2Economy需2課時教學(xué)目的要求LetthestudentsgetageneralideaabouttheUK,itslocation,itstopography,itsclimate,itspeople,anditslanguage;thestatus-quoandfeaturesofitseconomyincludingitsagriculture,industryandservice.教學(xué)重點thegeneralideaoftheUK教學(xué)難點Britishtopography教案編寫日期8教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)過程提示與補充Chapter1LandandPeople1.WordsStudyTheUnionJack英國國旗，theBritishIsles,大不列顛群島，dependentterritory附屬領(lǐng)地，Highlands高地，Lowlands低地，NorthAtlanticDrift北大西洋暖流，Mayday五碩節(jié)，naturalresources自然資源，Anglo-Saxons盎格魯-撒克遜人，OldEnglish古英語，MiddleEnglish中世紀(jì)英語，ReceivedStandardEnglish標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，meridianline子午線，northerntemperatezone北溫帶，drainagearea流域面積2.ABriefIntroductionoftheUKLocation:AnislandcountrythatliesnorthwestoftheEuropeanContinentacrosstheEnglishChannel,between50oand60onorthlatitudeand20oeastlongitudeand10owestlongitude,withthemeridianlinerunningthroughLondon.Capital:LondonNationalflag:theUnionJackThenationalanthem:GodSavetheQueen3.SaysomethingaboutUKindetails:(1)TopographySize:244,110squarekilometersTwomainislands:GreatBritainandIrelandGreatBritainisgeographicallyandhistoricallydividedintothreeparts:Englandinthesouth,ScotlandtothenorthofEngland,andWalestothewestofEnglandItsneighbors:theRepublicofTheUKhasalineof12,429kilometers.IntheSouth,itisseparatedfromcontinentalEuropebytheEnglishChannel.TheNorthSeasurroundstheUnitedKingdomintheeast.Inthewest,thecountryhastheAtlanticOceanandtheIrishSea.Geographically,GreatBritainisdividedintotwoparts:theHighlandZoneinthenorthandtheLowlandZoneinthesouth.TheHighlandZone:includestheHighlandsofScotland,theCentralLowlandsofScotland,theSouthernUplands,thePennines,andtheLakeDistrictofCambria.ThefeaturesofHighlandofScotland:hasmanygreatmountains,whichincludesthecountry’shighestmountainBenNevis;istoohillyandbarrentogrowcrops,itismostlyusedforgrazinganimals.ThisregionisoneoftheleastpopulatedareasofGreatBritain.ThefeaturesofTheCentralLowlandsofScotland:TheFeaturesoftheCentralLowlandsofScotland:arevalleyareasthatlietothesouthoftheHighlands.Thevalleywasoncelushwithswampforestswhichlaterturnedintocoalfields.；thisregionistheindustrialcenters,farmlandandthreequartersofthepopulationofScotlandarealllocatedhere.ThefeaturesoftheSouthernUplandsofScotland:arelocatedrightofthesouthoftheCentralLowland.Thisareafeaturesexpansivemoorlandandwoodland.ThePennines:startontheborderofEnglandandScotlandandrunabout120kilometerssouthtocentralEngland.ThePennines,whichareoftenreferredtoasthe“BackboneofEngland”,aremostlymoorland.TheLakeDistrictofCambria:locatedonthewestsideofthePennines.ThisregionclaimsthemostspectacularviewinGreatBritain.TheLowlandZone:containslargeareasofflatlandinthesouthernandeasternpartsofEngland.Mostoftheregionislessthan250metersabovesealevel.ItcomprisessuchareasastheMidlandsofEngland,thePlainofLancastria,andtheNorthEasternLowlands.Thefeatures:itformsabroadLowlandBeltthathasthemostfertilesoilandisthemostsuitableforagriculture.NorthernIreland:fullofruggedmountainscenery;belongstoplateau,wherethelargestfreshwaterlakeThelongestriverinthecountryisRiverSeven,theSecondlongestriverisThames.(2)ClimateThefeaturesoftheclimateintheUK:TheUnitedKingdomenjoysaverymildclimateduetotheNorthAtlanticDriftwhichisacontinuationofawarmcurrentthatflowsfromtheStraitsofFloridainagenerallynortheasterndirection.ItflowspastBritainandthevariousrivercarrythewarmwaterinland.Thismakestheclimatewarmerinthewinterandcoolerinthesummerthancountriesatthesamelatitude.Britainenjoysanaverageannualprecipitationofmorethan1,000mm,whichmakesthecountryunusuallygreen.,comparatively,theeastandsouthisdrierthanthenorthandwest.anditrainsallyearroundinthewest.GenerallyspeakingGreatBritainhaschangeableweather.MayDay:thisdayhasnothingtodowithlaborbutseespeoplegoingoutfromtheirhomestopickMayflowersfordecorationoftheirhomesandenjoythemselvesbydancingaroundMaypolesindaytimeandbonfiresatnight.(3).NaturalResourcesTheUKisrichlyendowedwithenergyresourcessuchascoal,oilandgas.Englandistheeighthlargestproducerofcrudeoilandnaturalgasliquidintheworld.However,theironore,likeothermetallicminerals,hasalmostbeenexhaustedandthecountryhastoimportironandothermetallicmineralssuchastinandcoppertoday.(4).PeopleAccordingto2006census,theUnitedKingdomhasnowapopulationofover60.5million,ofwhomover80%liveinEngland.ThemajorityofthispopulationaredecedentsoftheAnglo-Saxons.Thesepeopletendtobetall,haveblondhairandblueeyes.Today,mostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredecedentsoftheCelticpeoplewhowerealsoCelticinorigin.(5).TheEnglishLanguageTheofficiallanguageoftheUKisEnglish.ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiod:OldEnglish(fromthetimethatEnglishwasusedfirsttill1066):Duringthisperiod,anumberofLatinwordscameintothevocabularyastheEnglishpeoplewereconvertedtoChristianity.TheMiddleEnglish(1066-theendof15thcentury):Intheearlypartofthisperiod,FrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguageinEngland.Itwasnotuntilthe14thcenturywhenEnglishagainbecametheofficiallanguageofthecountry.ModernEnglish(15thand16th-now):Itchangedthepronunciationof18to20distinctivevowelswhilespellingremainedunchanged,duringwhichGreekandLatinwordscameintotheEnglishvocabularyinlargenumbers.Colonizationandnewinventionalsointroducednewwordsintothevocabulary.Chapter2Economy1.WordsStudyDairyindustry乳品業(yè)，energyindustry能源業(yè)，manufacture制造業(yè)，denationalization非國有化，financialservice金融業(yè)，automobileindustry汽車制造業(yè),tertiaryindustry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，monetaryandfiscalpolicy金融財政政策,theConservativeParty保守黨，theLaborParty工黨，importduty進口關(guān)稅，retailprice零售價，note-issuingbank發(fā)鈔行，Commercialbank商業(yè)銀行，hubofcommunication批發(fā)商，批發(fā)公司2.AbriefIntroductiontoBritishEconomyGreatBritainwasthefirstindustrializednationintheworldandhasremainedaneconomicgiantforthepasttwocenturiesorso.ItisamemberofthegroupofEight,whichleadtheworldineconomicactivities.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenatrendforBritisheconomytobecomemoreserviceoriented.Serviceindustries,alsoknownastertiaryindustries,aregrowingatanunprecedentedpaceandcreatingmorejobopportunitiesthanmostotherindustries.TheBritishgovernmentplaysaveryimportantroleintheeconomy.AfterWorldWarII,theBritishgovernmentnationalizedmanyindustriessuchasthesteelindustry,transportationandcommunication,mining,andshipbuilding.However,in1979,theConservativePartydenationalizedmostoftheindustriesforthepurposeofstimulatingprivatecompetition.Now,thegovernmenttriestofinetunetheeconomybyadjustingmonetaryandfiscalpolicies.3.SaysomethingaboutBritishEconomyindetails:(1)AgricultureTwofeatures:thesmallproportionofpopulationengagedinagriculturalactivitiesandhighdegreeofmechanization.Agricultureemploysabout2%ofthelabourinthecountryandcontributesabout1.5%ofthecountry’sGDP.Britishagricultureisintenseandhighlyproductive.About74%ofitstotallandsurfaceisdevotedtoagriculture,ofwhich2/3isforanimalhusbandry.Britainexportsalargeportionofitsanimalproductstotheworldmarket.ThemostimportantfarmcropsinBritainarewheat,barley,sugarbeetandpotatoes..However,thelimitedlandareadevotedtofarmcropshasledtoalowlevelofgrainproduction.Asaresult,Britainhastodependontheworldmarketforabout60%ofthegrainitneeds.(2).IndustryBritainisaresource-deficientcountryasfarasmetallicmineralsareconcerned.Ithastorelyonimportstosatisfytheneedsofdomesticindustry,thoughitisendowedwithcoal,oilandgas.Britisholdindustries:coalmining,controlledbythestate,manufacturingindustry,shipbuildingindustry,textileindustry,andironandsteelindustry.Britisholdindustrieshavebeendecliningdramatically.Theslumpismainlycausedbytheemergenceofnewtechnologies,thestrongBritishpoundagainstothercurrencies,theglobaleconomicslowdown,andtheriseofnewmanufacturingcountriesinAsiaandotherpartsoftheworld,wherethelaborcostismuchlower.Yet,certainareasofmanufacturinghavemanagedtokeepgrowing,suchascar-makingindustry,chemicalproducts.Britishnewindustries:Britain’soilindustryisfairlynew.Now,Britainisnotonlyself-sufficientforoilsupply,butalsobecomeanoilexporter.OfthetoptenBritishcompanies,threearefromtheenergysector:Shell,BritishPetroleumandBritishGas.Britainnowranksthe6thamongthemainoilproducingcountriesintheworld.AnothermajorsourceofenergyforBritainisnuclearpower,whosesubsequentdevelopmenthasbeenvigorousenoughtomakeBritainaworldleaderinnuclearenergy.Today,ithasatotalof15nuclearplants.(3).ServiceServiceindustryisBritain’smostrapidlygrowingandmostimportantsectorforthenationaleconomy.Serviceindustrymainlycontainsfinancialservice,travelandtourism,transportation,trade,entertainment,foodserviceandgovernmentservice..A.FinancialServiceBritainboastsoneoftheworld’soldest,mostextensive,andmosthighlydevelopedfinancialsystems.Londonisoneofthethreefinancialcentresoftheworld,theothertwobeingNewYorkandTokyo.TheBankofEngland:itsfunctionisworkinginclosecontactwiththegovernmentforthecontrolofmonetarypolicyandforgivingdirectivestocommercialbanks,issuingnote,beingresponsibleforkeepingtheexchangerateofBritishPoundagainstothercurrencieswithincertainlimitsbyoperatinganExchangeEqualizationAccount.B.TourismandTransportationTourismisanotherpillaroftheBritishserviceindustry.BritishisnowthefifthlargesttouristcountryintheworldaftertheUnitedStates,Spain,France,andItaly.VisitorsareattractedtoBritainbyitsmildclimate,beautifulsceneries,well-installedfacilities,andthenumerousculturalrelicsandmuseumsthatarespreadalloverthecountry.ThetransportationintheUKisveryconvenient,andvisitorsmaygoanywherebyrailroad,highways,automobiles,evenairlinesandshipping.C.TradeBritainhasbeenatradingcountryforhundredsofyears.Tradestillplaysaveryimportantroletoday.Themostimportantexportedgoodsaremanufacturedgoods,fuels,chemicals,food,beverages,andtobacco.ThemostimportanttradepartnersaretheUnitedStates,majorEuropeancountriesandIreland.Tradewiththesecountriesaccountsforover50%ofBritain’sforeigntrade.(4).CitiesThereareseverallargeandimportantcitiesintheUK.Theyare:LondonLondonisbothcapitalofEnglandandthatoftheUnitedKingdomasawhole.SeatedontheThames,itfunctionsasthecountry’smostimportantpolitical,economic,cultural,communicationsandindustrialcenter.TheCityofLondonisalsoknownasthe“squaremile”becauseitisonlyonesquaremileinarea.BirminghamBirminghamincentralofEng