第二部分語法專題講析專題二冠詞考點一

不定冠詞①We

thought

it

was

a

joke.我們以為那是一個玩笑。②The

landing

of

Chang’e－6

proved

to

be

a

success.嫦娥六號成功著陸。③—Excuse

me，is

there

a

Mr.

Tailor

living

in

the

neighborhood？

There

is

a

parcel

for

him.—Sorry，but

there

is

no

such

person

here.——勞駕，這個居民區(qū)住著一位名叫泰勒的先生嗎？這里有

他的包裹?！獙Σ黄穑@兒沒有這么一個人?？键c總結(jié)不定冠詞a/an的用法

1.

單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指，泛指一類

人或事物，或者指同類中的“一個”。2.

說話人第一次提及某人或某物時，通常用不定冠詞。3.

用在人名或時間名詞前表示不確定的某個人或某個時

間；用在人名前還可表示與某人有類似性質(zhì)的人。4.

不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序，而表示“再一，

又一”。5.

表示“一”這個數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈。6.

用在某些具體化的抽象名詞前?？键c二

定冠詞①Of

the

nineteen

recognized

polar

bear

subpopulations，three

are

declining.在這19個已知的北極熊亞種群中，3個的數(shù)量在下降。②Everybody

wears

the

same

style

of

clothes.每個人都穿同樣款式的衣服。③I

don’t

know

who

invented

the

iPhone，but

I

think

it

is

a

useful

invention.我不知道是誰發(fā)明了iPhone，但是我認為它是一個有用的

發(fā)明?？键c總結(jié)定冠詞the的用法

1.

用于前面已提及或談話雙方都知道的人或物前，表特

指；用在被短語或從句修飾的名詞前，表特指。2.

用在世界上獨一無二的人或物、自然現(xiàn)象、發(fā)明物

之前。3.

用在序數(shù)詞和最高級前。4.

用于集合名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和某些專有名詞前。5.

用在表示計量的名詞前，如by

the

hour，by

the

dozen

等，但若名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞，如by

weight，by

height等。6.

用于表示某世紀(jì)、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前。如：

in

the

1980s。7.

用于表示方位、西洋樂器等名詞前。8.

用于固定搭配中?？键c三

零冠詞①He

would

come

home

from

work

and

ask

his

kids

if

they

had

brushed

their

teeth.他下班回家，會問他的孩子們是否刷了牙。②A

year

can

be

divided

into

four

seasons—spring，summer，

autumn

and

winter.一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。③Clever

boy

as

he

is，he

can’t

solve

such

a

difficult

problem.盡管他是個聰明的孩子，但無法解決這么難的問題。④Consider

that

most

famous

economic

rule

of

all：

there’s

no

such

thing

as

a

free

lunch.想一下那條最著名的經(jīng)濟規(guī)則：天下沒有免費的午餐。⑤It’s

generally

acknowledged

that

music

can

bring

people

pleasure.普遍認為音樂能給人們帶來樂趣。考點總結(jié)零冠詞的用法

1.

不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，不用冠詞。2.

稱呼語及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語、

補足語或同位語時，不加冠詞。3.

月份、季節(jié)、星期、節(jié)假日、洲名前；三餐、球類、

慣用語前；學(xué)科、棋類名詞前，不用冠詞。4.

as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果作表語的名詞

置于句首，名詞前不用冠詞。5.

no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后的名詞不用

冠詞。6.

高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞，不能與不定冠詞連用。

這些詞有baggage，luggage，furniture，health，weather，

fun，space（太空），advice，word（＝news），progress，

information，luck，wealth（財產(chǎn)）等。7.

名詞前已有this，that，my，her，some，each等限定

詞時，不再用冠詞。

◆冠詞與語法填空冠詞是位于名詞之前，說明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛

詞，它不能離開名詞而單獨存在。語法填空中，重點考查冠

詞的基本用法。另外冠詞活用及習(xí)慣搭配是考查難點。[典題試做]在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。1.

Corn

production

has

jumped

nearly

125

percent

over

?

past

25

years，while

rice

has

increased

only

7

percent.the

2.

Unexpectedly，I’m

face-to-face

with

the

gorilla，who

begins

screaming

at

top

of

her

lungs.3.

Instead，she

is

earning

￡6，500

a

day

as

model

in

New

York.4.

For

Pahlsson

its

return

was

wonder.the

a

a

[應(yīng)對策略]在名詞或“形容詞＋名詞”前缺少限定詞時，要考慮冠詞。

不定冠詞a/an表示泛指，可譯作“一個/本/座/……”等；定

冠詞the表示特指，相當(dāng)于“這，這些，那，那些”。另外要

注意：特指上文出現(xiàn)的或談話雙方心目中知道的人或事物用

the；在序數(shù)詞、最高級、獨一無二的事物名詞之前用the?！魰姹磉_中冠詞易錯點聚焦由于受到漢語的干擾，疏漏冠詞是我們中國學(xué)生在寫作中的

常見錯誤類型之一。存在誤區(qū)有以下幾種：1.

對抽象名詞具體化的應(yīng)用判斷失誤。(誤)The

Christmas

evening

party

was

success.(正)The

Christmas

evening

party

was

a

success.2.

冠詞在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的誤用。(誤)Mrs.Taylor

has

an

eight-year-old

daughter

who

has

the

gift

for

painting—she

has

won

two

national

prizes.(正)Mrs.Taylor

has

an

eight-year-old

daughter

who

has

a

gift

for

painting—she

has

won

two

national

prizes.(誤)Our

teacher

is

kind

to

us

and

he

often

has

words

with

us.(正)Our

teacher

is

kind

to

us

and

he

often

has

a

word

with

us.3.

冠詞表示類別和不用冠詞時的易錯點。(誤)In

many

places

in

China，a

bicycle

is

still

the

popular

means

of

transportation.(正)In

many

places

in

China，the

bicycle

is

still

the

popular

means

of

transportation.

Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]The

meat

should

be

fresh

with

touch

of

sweetness，and

the

surrounding

soup

hot，clear

and

delicious.2.

[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Not

the

pandas，even

though

?

language

used

for

the

medical

training

instructions

is

actually

English.a

the

3.

[2023·浙江卷]In

contrast

to

the

court

life

and

upper-class

culture

represented

by

the

Forbidden

City，the

Summer

Palace，

and

the

Temple

of

Heaven，the

hutongs

reflect

culture

of

grassroots

Beijingers.4.

[2024·湖南適應(yīng)性考試]

I，

as

a

BBC

food

writer，

travelled

to

China

last

year.

Then

I

fell

in

love

with

the

hairy

crab，

which

is

one

of

most

prized

Chinese

dishes.5.

[2024·河南適應(yīng)性考試]Acupuncture，

as

ancient

Chinese

treatment，

is

a

reflect

of

a

rich

history

and

significant

Chinese

culture.a

the

an

Ⅱ.語法填空When

I

walked

down

1.

Third

Avenue，as

2.

rule，I

used

to

look

into

the

windows

of

3.

old

shop

that

sold

old

and

beautiful

things.Since

I

often

took

my

walk

after

the

closing

time，I

cupped

my

hands

against

4.

windows

to

get

5.

small

look

at

the

treasures

inside.the

a

an

the

a

Some

things

looked

as

if

they

had

not

been

noticed

for

6.

long

time，but

I

knew

their

beauty

was

still

there

beneath

their

own

surface.I

even

thought

they

were

7.

?

most

beautiful

that

I

had

ever

seen.That

was

how

I

felt

about

old

people，too.I

knew

their

value，and

it

hurt

me

when

others

missed

it.I

was

raised

by

my

grandmother

and

given

8.

?