高三英語(yǔ)試卷分類(lèi)匯編英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)(及答案)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類(lèi)1．閱讀理解

Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.

The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(評(píng)估)(PISA)showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.

USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD(經(jīng)合組織)testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'mathsskills?

OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.

AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.（1）Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout

.A.

theUSaveragescoreB.

thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISAC.

Americanstudents'performanceinmathsD.

Americanstudents'situationinscienceandreadingskills（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'2015PISAresults.B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'problemswithmaths.C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了2015年P(guān)ISA評(píng)估結(jié)果顯示美國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)較之以前有明顯下降,進(jìn)而分兩方面闡述了造成這一結(jié)果的原因。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美國(guó)的教育界人士最近非常擔(dān)心的是美國(guó)學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)上的表現(xiàn),“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美國(guó)的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)深度不夠,導(dǎo)致；以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美國(guó)學(xué)生在復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的求解上有很大的困難。故選D。（3）考查主旨大意。由PISA評(píng)估引出問(wèn)題“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?”,美國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)技能怎么樣了?接著下文的兩段分別列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美國(guó)學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)上出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的原因,故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto"buildabridge"withthingsyouknowabout,andthen"bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics".

RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughaworm-holeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?"Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense,"Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖論)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.

Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,"makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths".

WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange."Thebasicstuffisimportant,"Greenesaid."ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails."

GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis"notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam".It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(現(xiàn)象)—andhavingfun!（1）Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery

.A.directB.difficultC.personalD.long（2）ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind

.A.areboringtoreadB.aremainlyaboutmathsC.arepopularsciencebooksD.areonlypopularamongkids（3）AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A.Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B.Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C.Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D.ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.（4）Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat

.A.kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB.kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC.kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD.kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，物理和數(shù)學(xué)教授BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)感興趣。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段Greene對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解釋以及他說(shuō)需要未來(lái)的物理學(xué)家去解決可知,作者提出的這個(gè)問(wèn)題非常難。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“…booksby…‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths'.”可知,Greene認(rèn)為Weinberg和Susskind等物理學(xué)家寫(xiě)的書(shū)淺顯易懂,適合普通大眾閱讀,故這些書(shū)屬于受歡迎的科普讀物。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知,當(dāng)作者指出一些學(xué)生覺(jué)得物理無(wú)聊時(shí),Greene說(shuō)重要的是向孩子們講述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些諸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的現(xiàn)代物理現(xiàn)象,如果孩子們知道了這些,他們中的一些就愿意了解所有詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容。因此可推知他認(rèn)為興趣在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中起著非常重要的作用。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知,Greene希望孩子們可以像他一樣對(duì)科學(xué)和物理感興趣,去探索宇宙的奧秘。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

AsaFulbright（富布萊特法案基金）scholaratYale,Iwantedverymuchtogetsomeindividualhelpfromsomefamousprofessors,buttheiroffice-hourswereonlyonceaweekandtherewerealwaysstudentswaitingoutside.Atfirst,Iwastoopolitetogettheirhelp.ThenIrealizedthatChinesepolitenessdoesnotworkinthissociety.IneededtobeaggressivetogetwhatIwanted.IalsonoticedthatChinesestudentsorAsianstudentswereverypoliteinclasswhileAmericanstudentsofteninterruptedtheprofessor,askingquestionsanddominatingthediscussion.TheChinesestudentswerenotasaggressiveasAmericanstudents.

Iwasimpressedbytheroleoftheprofessorintheclass.Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.Onelinguisticfeatureofhisinteractingwithhisstudentswasthatheusedmanymodalverbs-farmorethanIdidinBeiwai.Whenansweringquestions,heusuallysaid:"thisismypersonalopinionanditcouldbewrong.ItwouldbeagoodideaifyoucouldreadthebookImentionedtheotherday."Or,"YoumayfindthebookIrecommendedhelpful."Or,"Youcouldberight,butyoumightfindthispointofviewalsointeresting."Whenmakingcommentsonstudents'performances,theprofessorusuallysaid:"Itmighthavebeenmuchclearerifyouhadtakeninsomeoftheideaswediscussedearlierthissemester."

InChina,authoritiesarealwayssupposedtogivewisedecisionsandcorrectdirections.Thereforestudentsalwaysexpecttheprofessortogiveananswertothequestion.Istillrememberhowannoyedtheywerewhenforeignteachersdidnotprovidesuchananswer.TheirexpectationsfromauthoritiesaremuchhigherthanthoseofAmericanstudents.OncetheChinesestudentsgottheanswer,theyweresureaboutit.ThatiswhytheymakefarmorecertainstatementthanAmericanstudents.ThatiswhyChinesestudentsfinditdifficulttousemodalverbsbecausethefunctionofmodalverbsistoprovideroomfornegotiationanddifferentideas.（1）TheAmericanprofessorsusemanymodalverbsbecausetheywantto______.A.

arguewiththeirstudents

B.

bemoresureabouttheiranswersC.

expresstheirideasmoreclearly

D.

developtheirstudents'ownwayofthinking（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor'sidea?A.

Chineseprofessorscanalwaysgivecorrectanswertothequestion.B.

Americanprofessorsarenotresponsiblesincetheydon'tgivestudentsanswers.C.

Americaneducationproducesaggressivestudents.D.

EducationinChinaisnothelpfulindevelopingstudents'creativity.（3）Whichofthefollowingmethodsdidtheauthormainlyemployindevelopingthearticle?A.

Comparisonandcontrast.

B.

Causeandeffect.

C.

Givingexamples.

D.

Description.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardseducationinU.S.?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Neutral

D.

Unsure【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】文章描述中西方不同的文化背景下，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式和表達(dá)方式的不同。（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.教授并不作為權(quán)威，給出最后答案，而是作為研究者，和學(xué)生一起尋找問(wèn)題的答案。下句說(shuō)到他們和學(xué)生交流的語(yǔ)言特征是使用很多的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，并舉了很多例句，因此可推斷美國(guó)教授這樣做是為了發(fā)展學(xué)生自己的思維方式。故選D。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中作者的描述，中國(guó)學(xué)生總是期待教授給出問(wèn)題的答案，他們對(duì)權(quán)威的期待比美國(guó)學(xué)生高的多，一旦中國(guó)學(xué)生得到答案，他們就很確定。可推斷中國(guó)教育對(duì)發(fā)展學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力是沒(méi)有幫助的。故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，文章通過(guò)比較和對(duì)比來(lái)說(shuō)明中西方學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式和教育方式的不同。故選A。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者只是通過(guò)比較和對(duì)比來(lái)描述中西方學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式和教育方式的不同，并沒(méi)有對(duì)美國(guó)教育加以評(píng)論，故作者對(duì)美國(guó)教育的態(tài)度是中立的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，涉及推理判斷題和細(xì)節(jié)理解題。推理判斷題要注意聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出所需信息；細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意仔細(xì)閱讀文章，從文中找出所需答案。4．閱讀理解

Childrenshoulddohousework.That'sacontroversialidea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.

That'saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.

Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictorforyoungadultssuccessintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.

Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids"moreresponsible".Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.

Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.

Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don'tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou'respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou'redoingitright.Cananallowancehelp?Maybe.Butifyou'retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.（1）Whatismostparents'problemwithchildrendoinghousework?A.

Theyareagainsttheidea.

B.

Theyfailtoputitintopractice.C.

Theydoubtthepossibilityofit.

D.

Theyarefindingexcusesfortheirchildren.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionthesmallstudy?A.

Tostatethereasonsforearlysuccess.B.

Togiveexamplesofsomesuccessfulpeople.C.

Toprovedoinghouseworkisbeneficial.D.

Tosuggestkidstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehavior.（3）AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanadults,howmanyofthemusedtodohouseworkaschildren?A.820.B.560.C.750.D.440.（4）Whydoestheauthorwritethelastparagraph?A.Tocriticizesomeirresponsibleparents.B.Todiscusstheimpactofagoodfamilyatmosphere.C.Toadviseparentstospendmoretimewiththeirkids.D.Toofferparentssomeadviceonassigningchildrenhousework.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者認(rèn)為孩子應(yīng)該分擔(dān)家務(wù)，這不僅有利于培養(yǎng)他們的責(zé)任心，而且能提升他們的幸福感。而且家務(wù)能夠讓孩子在家庭和社區(qū)中的關(guān)愛(ài)角色與他們選擇的任何終身成就目標(biāo)之間取得平衡，文章最后說(shuō)明一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務(wù)的建議。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.”一些父母會(huì)說(shuō)他們的孩子太忙了，沒(méi)有時(shí)間做家務(wù)。我們中更多的人會(huì)分配家務(wù)，或說(shuō)我們相信他們，但家務(wù)就是做不完?？芍贁?shù)家長(zhǎng)覺(jué)得孩子學(xué)業(yè)太忙無(wú)暇做家務(wù)，但多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)即便認(rèn)為孩子該做家務(wù)，實(shí)際生活中也沒(méi)有很好地付諸實(shí)踐?？芍獙?duì)大多數(shù)父母來(lái)說(shuō)讓孩子做家務(wù)存在的問(wèn)題是他們沒(méi)有把它付諸實(shí)踐。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.”那些早期共同承擔(dān)的

責(zé)任擴(kuò)展到了他們生活的其他領(lǐng)域。可知文章在第二段介紹了孩子做家務(wù)的好處，第三段用一項(xiàng)研究具體闡釋了第二段的內(nèi)容。該研究表明，孩子幼時(shí)做家務(wù)預(yù)示著成年后較早成功，因?yàn)樽黾覄?wù)過(guò)程中培養(yǎng)出的責(zé)任感會(huì)遷移到生活的其他方面?？芍髡咛岬窖芯渴菫榱俗C明讓孩子做家務(wù)是有益的。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.”然而，82%的人稱(chēng)自己在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中經(jīng)常做家務(wù)，而只有56%的有孩子的人稱(chēng)自己需要孩子做家務(wù)?？芍?，參與調(diào)查的1000個(gè)人中，82%的人說(shuō)自己成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中經(jīng)常做家務(wù)，即有820人小時(shí)候做過(guò)家務(wù)。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。最后一段中的“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?”要讓孩子做家務(wù)時(shí)你應(yīng)該做什么?，是本段的主題句，作者在本段就“如何讓孩子參與到家務(wù)事中”向家長(zhǎng)提供了建議?？芍髡邔?xiě)的最后一段是給父母一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務(wù)的建議。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

SomeAfricanschoolsareaddingprogramsthatteachwhatofficialsarecalling"softskills"tostudents.Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife.

ThetrainingisbeingofferedattheSt.BernadetteKamonyiSecondarySchoolinKigali,Rwanda.Forweeks,itsstudentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinesses.Thegoalofthesefieldtripsisfortheyoungpeopletolearnwhatisnecessarytosecureajob.

Forthesecondaryschoolstudents,thisinformationisimportant.Inafewmonths,they'llcompletetheirstudiesandtrytheirbesttofindwork.OneoftheRwandanstudentsis22-year-oldAminadabNiyitegeka.Hesayshewilllookforanyjobavailable.Hehopesthatwhathelearnsinhisworkreadinessclasswillhelp.Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining.Itispartofanefforttopreparestudentstobecomebettercommunicators,problemsolversandcitizens(公民).

RwandahasstartedaworkreadinesstrainingprogramcalledAkaziKanozeAccess.Itmeans"workwelldone"inKinyarwanda,theofficiallanguageofRwanda.Theprogramhastrainedmorethan20,000studentstohelpmakethemmoreappealingtoemployers.

EmmanuelNtagungiraisateacherandworksasatrainerforAkaziKanozeAccess,Heoftenvisitsemployerswhohavegivenjobstohighschools.Theemployersareveryhappybecausethegraduatesarereadytowork.Hesayshehopestheprogramwillhelplowerunemployment,whichstandsatover13percentnationwide.Healsoexplainsthatthegraduateshaveahealthymindsetandemployersaresatisfiedwiththejobthey'vebeendoing.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleof"softskills"?A.Beingcompetentinsoftware.B.Communicatingwithotherswell.C.Makingagoodspeechinpublic.D.Havingagoodsenseofcooperation.（2）InwhatwayhavesecondaryschoolsinAfricachanged?A.Theyfocusonmathematicsandscience.B.Theyignoreareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.C.Theyapplynewteachingmethods.D.Theymakeanefforttoofferstudentssoftskills.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheprogramKaziKanozeAccessaimstoappealtoemployers.B.AminadabNiyitegekawilldefinitelyfindagoodjobaftergraduation.C.Studentswithsoftskillsarelikelytogetalongwellwithothers.D.Studentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinessestosecureajob.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了在非洲一些地區(qū)和學(xué)校實(shí)施的“軟技能”項(xiàng)目，即關(guān)注學(xué)生個(gè)人品質(zhì)教學(xué)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施情況，這種培訓(xùn)可以幫助學(xué)生在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)和生活中取得成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers”可知，軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。所以軟件操作不是個(gè)人品質(zhì)，就不是軟技能。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining”可知傳統(tǒng)上，非洲的中學(xué)花時(shí)間在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等科目上，很大程度上會(huì)忽略公共演講和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作等領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在這樣的情況正在改變。學(xué)校正在探索新的教學(xué)模式以提供軟技能和專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練。所以非洲中級(jí)學(xué)校的改變是他們努力教給學(xué)生軟技能。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife”可知軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。權(quán)威人士說(shuō)這樣的訓(xùn)練能幫助學(xué)生在找工作和生活中成功。因此軟技能幫學(xué)生跟人和睦相處。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.Stresscanaffecttheheart.Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.Stresscanaffecttherespiratory(呼吸的)system.Itcanleadtoasthmaandcauseapersontobreathetoofast,resultinginalossofimportantcarbondioxide.Stresscanaffectthestomach.Itcancausestomachachesandproblemsofdigestingfood.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofthewiderangeofillnessesandsymptomsresultingfromstress.

Emotionsarealsoeasilyaffectedbystress.Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.Theymayhavepanicattacksandfeeltiredallthetime.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theyoftenoverreacttolittleproblems.Forexample,anormallygentleparentunderalotofstressatworkmayyellatachildfordroppingaglassofjuice.Stresscanmakepeopleangry,moody,ornervous.

Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.Depression,anextremefeelingofsadnessandhopelessness,canbetheresultofcontinuedandincreasingstress.Alcoholismandotheraddictionsoftendevelopasaresultofoveruseofalcoholordrugstotrytorelieve(釋放)stress.Ifstressisallowedtocontinue,thenone'smentalhealthisputatrisk.

Itisobviousthatstressisaseriousproblem.Itattacksthebody.Itaffectstheemotions.Untreated,itmayeventuallyresultinmentalillness.Stresshasagreatinfluenceonthehealth,ourfeelingsandourminds.So,reducestress:stoptheworldandrestforawhile.（1）Whatphysicaleffectsdoesstressresultin?A.Overreactingtolittleproblems.B.Makingbloodpressurelow.C.Sufferingfromdepression.D.Increasingthepulserate.（2）Whichonebelongstotheemotionalproblem?A.Alcoholabuse.B.Drugaddiction.C.MuchAnxiety.D.Heartbeatmissing.（3）Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Stresscausingmentalproblems.B.Stresscausingphysicalproblems.C.Stresscausingemotionalproblems.D.Stresscausingpanicattacks.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，壓力是很多健康問(wèn)題的原因之一。作者分析了壓力可能會(huì)給大家?guī)?lái)的身體方面的問(wèn)題、情緒方面以及精神方面的問(wèn)題。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.”壓力對(duì)身體有很多影響?？芍?，這一段主要將壓力對(duì)身體可能帶來(lái)的影響；以及“Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.”它能加速脈率，使心臟停止跳動(dòng)以及能造成高血壓，可知，加速脈率是壓力可能對(duì)身體造成的影響之一。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.”壓力大的人常常感到焦慮?？芍箲]是壓力可能對(duì)人的情緒帶來(lái)的影響之一。所以焦慮屬于情感問(wèn)題。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.”長(zhǎng)期壓力能帶來(lái)很多嚴(yán)重的精神疾病，可知，本段主要討論壓力可能帶來(lái)的精神問(wèn)題。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Astudyof3,884studentsfromprimaryschoolstocollegesfoundthatexaminationsmade83.1percentofprimarystudentsanxious,andmorethan40percentofhighschoolchildrenwereoutofsorts(身體不適)becauseofstressandanxiety.

Moreover,75percentofthehighschoolrespondentsadmittedthattheyhadproblemstalkingtotheirparentsandmorethan55percentofthemfoundithardtoassociatewithotherpeople,accordingtothestudy.

Itisnotdifficulttoconcludethatourchildrenarenothappy.

Today'skidsarecominghomefromschoolweigheddownwithbackpacksfullofbooksandworksheets.Theyarespendinghoursatdeskatnight,seldomgoingoutsidetoplayandgettingtobedlate.

Howcanthisbeagoodthing?

Homeworkiseatingawaychildren'stimetoplayfreelywithneighborhoodkids-andmoreimportantly,theirtimetosleep.

Homeworkcanenrichtheeducationprocess.Butlikeallthings,toomuchofitmaydampen(減少）astudent'senthusiasmforlearning.Toraisecheerful,contentedandwell-manneredchildren,parentsneedtoputinalotoftimeandeffort.Theireyesshouldgobeyondtheirchildren'spreparationsfortests.Childrenneedabreaktoo.Soletthembeincontrolofpartsoftheday.（1）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Highschoolstudentssuffermorethanprimaryschoolstudents.B.Mostofthestudentshavenoproblemtalkingtotheirparents.C.Theteenagerssufferfromheavyworkload.D.Thestudentsarenothappyathome.（2）Accordingtothetext,whatdothechildrenhavetodowithtoomuchhomework?A.Theyhavetotaketheirbackpacks.B.Theyhavetostayuplate.C.Theyhavetoeatmore.D.Theyhavemoretimetoplayoutdoors.（3）Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttheparentsdo?A.Theyshouldspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.B.Theyneedtoasktheirchildrentoworkhard.C.Theyshouldnotcareabouttheirchildren'stestresults.D.Theyneedtogivechildrenmorefreetime.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardgivingchildrentoomuchhomework?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Unconcerned.D.Uncertain【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了小學(xué)生和高中生的壓力很大，產(chǎn)生的原因在于青少年的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)于繁重，由此作者向家長(zhǎng)們提出呼吁，請(qǐng)給學(xué)生們一些自由的時(shí)間去放松一下。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的數(shù)據(jù)83.1%、40%、75%、55%可知，小學(xué)生和高中生的壓力很大；以及第四段中的“Today'skidsarecominghomefromschoolweigheddownwithbackpacksfullofbooksandworksheets.Theyarespendinghoursatdeskatnight,seldomgoingoutsidetoplayandgettingtobedlate.”可知，孩子們放學(xué)回家，書(shū)包里裝滿(mǎn)書(shū)和資料。晚上在書(shū)桌前學(xué)習(xí)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，很少出門(mén)玩耍并且上床睡覺(jué)很晚。這是由現(xiàn)象分析原因，看得出小學(xué)生和高中生的壓力很大的原因在于青少年的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)于繁重，因此文章的主要內(nèi)容是青少年的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)于繁重。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中“Theyarespendinghoursatdeskatnight,seldomgoingoutsidetoplayandgettingtobedlate.”孩子們晚上在書(shū)桌前學(xué)習(xí)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，很少出門(mén)玩耍并且上床睡覺(jué)很晚，可知，孩子們必須熬夜做過(guò)多的家庭作業(yè)。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theireyesshouldgobeyondtheirchildren'spreparationsfortests.Childrenneedabreaktoo.Soletthembeincontrolofpartsoftheday.”父母的眼睛不要總是關(guān)注孩子為考試做的準(zhǔn)備。孩子們也需要休息，因此要讓他們自由控制一天中的某些時(shí)間，可知，作者建議父母需要給孩子更多的空閑時(shí)間以使他們得到放松。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Howcanthisbeagoodthing?”這怎么可能是一件好事？和“toomuchofitmaydampen（減少）astudent'senthusiasmforlearning”太多作業(yè)可能會(huì)削弱學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情，可知，作者對(duì)于給孩子太多家庭作業(yè)去做這件事持否定態(tài)度。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Otherpeoplemayhavetheirownideasaboutourlives.Wecanvaluetheiradvice,butwedon'thavetotakeittoheart.

Ourparentshavedreamsforus.Theywantustodowellinschoolandtodowhateverisnecessarytoreachourhighestpotential(潛力).Laterinlife,friendsmaytrytosetusupwiththeirideasoftheperfectpartnerortheperfectjob.Peopleclosetousmayhaveideasabouthowweshouldliveourlives,ideasthatusuallycomefromloveandthedesireforustobehappy.Othertimes,theycomefromaplaceofneedwithinthemwhetheritisaparentwhowantsustoliveouthisorherdreamsorafriendwhowantsustoplayagoodrole.Whateverthecase,wecanappreciateandconsiderthosepeople'sadvice,butultimatelywemustfollowourownguidance.

Theremaycomeatimewhenallthesuggestionscanbecomeoverbearing(專(zhuān)橫的).Wemayfeelthatthepeoplewelovedon'tagreeonourjudgment,whichcanhurtourfeelings.Itcanaffectthechoiceswemakeforourlivesbymakingusdoubtourselvesbeforewe'vehadachancetodecidewhatwewant.Wecantellourlovedoneshowmuchweappreciatetheirthoughtsandideas,butthatweneedtoliveourownlivesandmakeourowndecisions.Wecanexplainthattheyneedtoletuslearnfromourownexperiences.Whentheyseethatwearehappywithourlivesandthepathwearetakingtoreachourgoals,theycanmakesurethatallweneedthemtodoistoshareinourjoy.（1）Peopleclosetousoftentellusideastoshowtheir________.A.powerB.concernC.potentialD.happiness（2）Whenafriend'sadviceisoverbearing,wemayfeel__________.A.determinedB.frightenedC.doubtfulD.grateful（3）Whatshouldwedoifwedon'tacceptourfriends'advice?A.Tellthemourchoicesdirectly.B.Letthemexperienceourwaysoflife.C.Shareourownexperienceswiththem.D.Letthemknowweshouldmakeourowndecisions.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AppreciatingSuggestionsB.AvoidingMakingSuggestionsC.AcceptingSuggestionsD.OfferingSuggestions【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，其他人可能對(duì)我們的人生規(guī)劃有幫助，我們可以考慮他們的建議，但是我們沒(méi)必要全部放在心上。